Green Tea's Bioactive Polyphenols Protect the Neuron's Integrity Against The Onset of Parkinson's disease (PD)

Kyle J. Norton 

Green tea is found to process a therapeutic and substantial effect in inhibiting overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), some scientists suggested.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, causing severe depletion of glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs in the striatum associated with many factors, including oxidative stress, therefore the antioxidant property of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), standardized extract (CS) and epicatechin (EC), the major polyphenols in green tea, may offer some protection.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals are types of unstable molecules containing oxygen, generated during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and in the cellular response to environmental toxins, cytokines, and foreign organism invasion.

How is ROS associated with the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD), according to the study by the Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, oxidative stress has a strong implication in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) by causing disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential in neurons, thus interfering with several biological processes, ultimately leading to cell death.

On the other hand, PD caused by a genetic preposition, including DJ-1, PINK1, parkin, alpha-synuclein, and LRRK2 which have the enormous and negative impacts on mitochondrial function, leading to exacerbation of ROS generation and susceptibility to oxidative stress.

Dr. Dias V, the lead author, after taking all co and confounders into account wrote, " (Understand better of) specific mechanisms related to PD gene products that modulate ROS production and the response of neurons to stress may provide targeted new approaches towards neuroprotection".

Green tea is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit and known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

In environment toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine induced development and progression of Parkinsonism by increasing oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons, researchers found that application of green tea extract (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) or (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (2 and 10 mg/kg) prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons through inducing the production of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (240%) and catalase (165%) activities by exerting neuroprotective effect against neurotoxins during the process.

Further analysis, also found that green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited oxidative stress in the induction of the onset of PD caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine through increasing the antioxidant and iron chelative activities without affecting the environmental toxins.

Additional differentiation of oxidative stress caused by NO due to toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), suggested, administration of green tea and green tea EGCG prevented the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and TH activity in the striatum related to dopamine function in the initiation of Parkinson's disease.

Dr. Ji-Young, the lead author said, "Both tea and EGCG decreased expressions of iNOS(with function in produced both free radicals produce nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide radicals (O2)) in the substantia nigra." and "tea plus MPTP and EGCG plus MPTP treatments decreased expressions of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) (in catalyzed production of free radical NO) at the similar levels of EGCG treatment group".

Importantly, according to the Parkinson's Disease: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition, EGCG treatment against PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)  by reducing neuronal death by 20%. and iNOS expression in the negative control group compared to higher levels in the control group.

The investigation of the neuroprotective actions of the standardized extract (CS), epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCbG), on a model of Parkinson's disease also indicated,  the neuroprotective effects of green tea and its phytochemicals are probably in great part due to its powerful antioxidant activity in the inhibition of free radical expression.

Taken all together, Green tea, containing major bioactive polyphenols may have a powerful and explicit effect in the inhibition of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species in the precipitated onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration by Levites Y1, Weinreb O, Maor G, Youdim MB, Mandel S(PubMed)
(2) Prevention of nitric oxide-mediated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease in mice by tea phenolic epigallocatechin 3-gallate by Choi JY1, Park CS, Kim DJ, Cho MH, Jin BK, Pie JE, Chung WG.(PubMed)

(3) Green tea polyphenols prevent Parkinson's disease: in vitro and in vivo studies Dan Chen by Iowa State University
(4) The role of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease by Dias V1, Junn E, Mouradian MM. (PubMed)

.

Herbal Alfalfa, the Function Herb Which Processes Anti Diabetes Activity, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Herbal Alfalfa may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, some scientists found.

Diabetes is a medical and chronic condition characterized by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the levels of blood glucose.

Some researchers suggested that the condition is either caused by the death of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas as a result of toxic imbalance of a molecule secreted by other pancreatic cells or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol due to long-term unhealthy diet with high in saturated and trans fats and less in fruits of vegetables.

In the explanation of what causes the death of beta cells in the pancreas, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio wrote, "We found that glutamate, a major signaling molecule in the brain and pancreas, is secreted together with glucagon by alpha cells and affects beta cell integrity."

Dr. Folli said. "In a situation where there is an imbalance toward more alpha cells and fewer beta cells, as in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, this could result in further beta cell destruction."

What causes the structures of receptors involved in blood sugar control to clog up? some researchers suggested,  fat in the bloodstream build up inside the receptor sites, they create toxic fatty breakdown products and free radicals that blocks the insulin signaling process.

In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of the autoimmune disease.

The exact cause of type II diabetes is unknown. Scientists do not why people with the same health condition and family history, some are susceptible to the early onset of the disease while others do not.

However, genetic proposition and an unhealthy diet and lifestyle.are found to be the major prevalent risk factors of diabetes, epidemiologically.

Dr. Omar Ali, in the classified genetic mutation in risk of diabetes, said, "Very few T2D risk genes were identified using candidate gene and linkage-based studies, but the advent of genome-wide association studies has led to the identification of multiple genes, including several that were not previously known to play any role in T2D. Highly replicated genes, for example, TCF7L2, KCNQ1, and KCNJ11, are discussed in greater detail".

Other risk factors associated with the early onset of type II diabetes include overweight or obese, age 45 or older, family history, ethnicity, Alaska Native, high blood pressure and cholesterol and women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Alfalfa is a flowering plant in the genus Medicago, belonging to the family Fabaceae, It has been cultivated all over the world as hay for cattle feeding.

The leaves, sprouts, and seeds have been used in traditional medicine over thousands of year to treat high cholesterol, asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, enhance digestive system, bleeding disorder, kidney, and urinary tract infection, etc.

North America aboriginal has used Alfalfa seed as food, such as making bread and mush.

Its chemical constituents include flavones, isoflavones, sterols, Bichanin, Coumestrol, Diadzein, Formonetin, Genistein, coumarin derivatives, etc.

In the study to reaffirm the traditional medicine use of herbal alfalfa for the treatment of diabetes, researchers at the University of Ulster launched an investigation to examine the pancreatic and extra-pancreatic effects associated with the onset of the disease.

Observation of the results of test mice induced by injection streptozotocin before and after oral administration at different doses and concentrations showed a significant effect in the reduction of diabetics symptoms.

Oral administration of Alfalfa in the diet (62.5 g/kg) and drinking water (2.5 g/l) to tested mice exerted a strong effect in reducing the abnormal levels of glucose after fasting.

Injection of an aqueous extract of Alfalfa (1 mg/ml) stimulated the conversion of glucose into glycogen, the main storage form of glucose in the bod,  through several conversion glucose molecules, in tested mice abdominal muscle.

Furthermore, in acute 20 min tests, 0.25-1 mg/ml aqueous extract of Alfalfa exhibited a significant activity in stimulating 2.5-6.3-fold of insulin secretion from the BRIN-BD11 pancreatic B-cell line.

During the experiment, researchers also discovered, the effect of Alfalfa was significantly decreased by injection of 0.5 mM-diazoxide, however, prior exposure to extract did not affect subsequent stimulation of insulin secretion by 10 mM-L-alanine, thereby negating a detrimental effect on cell viability.

Dr. Gray AM, the lead author at the final report wrote, "Sequential extraction with solvents revealed insulin-releasing activity in both methanol and water fractions, indicating a cumulative effect of more than one extract constituent".

In other words, the effect of Alfalfa in reducing the expression of diabetes was not attributed
to a single ingredient but some or all bioactive active compounds in the herb.

Additionally, in the comparison of the effect on glucose homeostasis of eleven plants used as traditional treatments for diabetes mellitus, including dried leaves of agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), blackberry (Rubus fructicosus), celandine (Chelidonium majus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris), and lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis); seeds of coriander (Coriandrum sativum); dried berries of juniper (Juniperus communis); bulbs of garlic (Allium sativum) and roots of liquorice (Glycyrhizza glabra), researchers at the University of Ulster conducted a study, using the preparation in the comparison to traditional coctions or infusions in diabetic mice induced by injection of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg i.p.).

Before the infection of 11 plants preparation, mice induced by injection of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg i.p.) at the 12th day were found to develop hyperphagia, polydipsia, body weight loss, hyperglycemia, and hypoinsulinemia.

Oral administration of Alfalfa preparation showed a clinically significant in reducing the level of hyperglycemia during the development of streptozotocin diabetes.

Dr. Swanston-Flatt SK, the lead author after taking into account of co and confounders said, "The results suggest that certain traditional plant treatments for diabetes, namely agrimony, alfalfa, coriander, eucalyptus, and juniper, can retard the development of streptozotocin diabetes in mice".

Taken altogether, herbal Alfalfa may be considered a functional herb and an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetes without inducing any side effects.

However, due to the limitation of the above studies, additional data collection large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of the whole food Alfalfa during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of Alfalfa anti-diabetes possibilities.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Pancreatic and extra-pancreatic effects of the traditional anti-diabetic plant, Medicago sativa (lucerne) by Gray AM, Flatt PR. (PubMed)
(2) Traditional plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. by Swanston-Flatt SK, Day C, Bailey CJ, Flatt PR. (PubMed)
(3) Scientists find a new way insulin-producing cells die by University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
(4) Genetics of type 2 diabetes by Omar Ali(PMC)

Phytochemical Piperine Cuts Off Energy Supply of Cancer Cells, Scientists Find

By Kyle J. Norton

Piperine, a phytochemical alkaloid in the class of organosulfur compound may have a significant effect in blocking the energy that is necessary for cancer cells proliferation and survival, some scientists suggested.

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels in the body for healing and reproduction.

However, in invasive cancers, the formation of a new blood vessel from pre-existing vessels stimulated by cancer chemicals may be deadly to the host.

These new blood vessels provide the nutrients and fluids for cancer growth and metastasis.

Cancer is a class of diseases, characterized by cell growth irregularly that starts in the surface of the inner lining of tissue or organs. Patients at the beginning of cancer onset do not experience any symptom.

At the later stage of the progression, the cancerous cell may travel a distance away from the primary site to infect other healthy tissue and organs. If cancer has grown large enough, it may affect other nearby healthy tissue and nerve cells, causing localized symptoms and persistently severe pain.

Angiogenesis occurred are totally depending on a net balance of angiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors, which are secreted by both tumor cells and host-infiltrating cells. If the tumors angiogenic factors win, the new blood vessels are formed.

Some researchers suggested if we can produce a drug that cuts of the forming of the new blood vessel which supplies energy to cancer, we may cure cancer. 

However, according to the epidemiological studies, antiangiogenic therapy in the inhibition of the growth of the tumor works best in combination with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Dr. Roberta WC Pang, the lead author in the investigation "Clinical Implications of Angiogenesis in Cancers" wrote, "Recently, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, which is one of the most potent angiogenic factors, has been approved for clinical use in colorectal cancer patients after a clinical trial confirmed that combining the antibody with standard chemotherapy regimen could prolong patient survival".

We can only hope that in a distant future, a single miracle drug can have an antiangiogenic potency to block off all cancers proliferation.

Piperine is a phytochemical alkaloid in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in white and black pepper, long pepper, etc.

A research team at the Dalhousie University in the investigation of piperine, a major alkaloid constituent of black pepper physiological actions in inhibition of cancer cells proliferation including the killing of cancer cells launched a study to examine the angiogenetic effect of piperine in tumor progression.

Injection of piperine inhibited the proliferation and G(1)/S transition of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) without causing cell death.  

In vitro, piperine also inhibited HUVEC migration and tubule formation and collagen-induced angiogenic activity in rat aorta explants and breast cancer cell-induced angiogenesis in chick embryos.

Importantly, piperine inhibited phosphorylation of Ser 473 and Thr 308 residues of Akt (protein kinase B), which is a key regulator in the induction of cancer cells survival and angiogenetic proliferation.

The findings reconfirmed the function of piperine as an angiogenesis inhibitor for use in cancer treatment.

Additionally, in the finding of the phytochemical which processes a strong effect in improving the function of curcumin,  in the suppression of angiogenesis by inhibiting the curcumin lack of water solubility, and relatively low bioavailability.

After multiple approaches are being sought to overcome these limitations, researchers finally discovered natural curcumin analogs, namely piperine.

 Piperine in the co-administration with curcumin enhanced the functions of curcumin in the suppression of angiogenesis without reducing the antitumor activity.

Taken altogether, piperine may be considered a functional supplement used for the prevention of cancers and an adjunction therapy by cutting the supply of energy of cancer that is life and death for cancer colonization, depending to the further study of a large sample size and multi-center in human consumption.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Piperine, a dietary phytochemical, inhibits angiogenesis by Doucette CD, Hilchie AL, Liwski R, Hoskin DW.(PubMed)
(3) Clinical Implications of Angiogenesis in Cancers by Roberta WC Pang1 and Ronnie TP Poon. (PMC)

Herbal Butcher's broom Extract, The Potential Remedy for Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Scientists may have found a whole herb with the ability to treat chronic venous insufficiency without inducing side effects, some studies suggested.

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition charactered by decreased function of venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins, leading to reduced blood returning to the heart from the legs. As the results of some blood were pooled or collected in the veins, causing pain, swelling, and skin changes in the legs.

Chronic venous insufficiency, in some cases, may develop due to preposition of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

There is no single cause of chronic venous insufficiency. Certain risk factors have been found epidemiologically associated with the early onset of the condition, including people with ages over 50, varicose veins, family history of varicose veins,  obesity, pregnancy, female, physical inactivity, an occupation that required extended periods of standing or sitting, smoking.

If you are experiencing some of the symptoms such as persistent swelling in legs and/or ankles, tight feeling calves or itchy painful legs,  pain during walking that stops with rest, brown-colored skin, particularly near the ankles, please check with your doctor to rule out the chronic venous insufficiency possibility.

Untreated CVI can lead to chronic life-threatening infections of the lower extremities. Pain, especially after ambulation, is a hallmark of the disease, said, Dr. Robert Weiss in the article "What is the disease course of untreated venous insufficiency?".

Butcher's broom is a low evergreen shrub, a species of Ruscus aculeatus, belonging to the family Asparagaceae, native to Eurasia.

The herb has been used in herbal medicine to treat reduce inflammation, peripheral vascular disease, hemorrhoids bronchial asthma, varicose veins, hypotension, jaundice, functional disorders of the heart, kidney disorder, venotonic and anti-oedematous properties, etc.


The Chemical Ingredients of Butcher's broom include rutin, sitosterol, sparteine, spirostanol saponins, steroidal sapogenins, sterols, stigmasterol, sulfated steroidal saponins, sweet broom, tetracosanoic acid, triterpenes, triterpenes, tyramine, etc.

In the study to confirm the efficacy of extracts from Butcher's broom rhizome (Ruscus aculeatus) used in the oral treatment of lower leg edema in patients with chronic venous insufficiency, researchers in Germany launched a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the safety of a ruscus extract. 

The study includes a total of 166 women suffering from chronic venous insufficiency (Widmer grade I and II, CEAP (Clinical signs, Etiological classification, Anatomic distribution, Pathophysiology) 3-4).

Only the data of 148 patients (30-89 years, 150-182 cm height, 49-97 kg body weight) were selected to the study with a mean disease duration of 14.6 years in the ruscus extract group and 15.1 years in the placebo group. 

Treatment groups demonstrated a significant improvement of the leg volume changes over 12 weeks AUB0-12 (-827 ml x day), the change of leg volume after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment (-16.5 ml and -20.5 ml), changes in ankle and leg circumferences after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, and the changes in subjective symptoms, heavy tired legs and sensation of tension (week 12) compared to placebo group.

Furthermore, group treat with butcher broom also showed a reduction of symptoms of heavy lower legs, the sensation of tension, and tingling sensation, positively correlated with the changes in leg volume.

Dr. Vanscheidt W, the lead author said, " Considering the study duration of three months it is concluded, that ruscus extract, in the recommended daily dosage according to the German monograph, is a safe and effective treatment for patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency".

Moreover, with an aim to reassess the effect of Ruscus aculeatus-hesperidin-methyl-chalcone-ascorbic acid (HMC-AA) on the quality of life (QoL) of patients suffering from chronic venous disorders (CVDs, the Cabinet de Phlébologie conducted an observational, multicentre and prospective study including 917 Mexican patients suffering from CVD.

After 12 weeks of treatment of R. aculeatus-HMC-AA, selected physicians then assessed the patients' symptoms and QoL using Short Form (SF-12) and Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CIVIQ) auto-questionnaires.

Application of R. aculeatus-HMC-AA. improved all symptoms and ankle circumferences over time, with increasing clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathophysiological (CEAP) classes and body mass index (BMI).

The improved scores of all dimensions of the SF-12 indicated a significantly improved quality of life over time.

The results suggested that R. aculeatus-HMC-AA. significantly improved the symptoms and QoL of CVD patients.

Taken altogether, Herbal Butcher's broom extract may be considered adjunct therapy for treatment of

Chronic venous insufficiency without inducing adverse effects.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Efficacy and safety of a Butcher's broom preparation (Ruscus aculeatus L. extract) compared to placebo in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency BY Vanscheidt W, Jost V, Wolna P, Lücker PW, Müller A, Theurer C, Patz B, Grützner KI. (PubMed)
(2) Assessment of quality of life in Mexican patients suffering from chronicvenous disorder - impact of oral Ruscus aculeatus-hesperidin-methyl-chalcone-ascorbic acid treatment - 'QUALITY Study by Guex JJ, Enriquez Vega DM, Avril L, Boussetta S, Taïeb C.(PubMed)

Papaya, The Anti Cancer Functional Food Targeted by Chemotherapy and Pharmacology

Kyle J. Norton

Papaya extract may be the next potential pharmacological target to identify the ingredients for the treatment of cancers, some scientists suggested.

Cancer is the class of chronic conditions characterized by the abnormal cell growth caused by the alteration of healthy cell DNA which starts on the surface of the inner lining of the bodily organs.

At the advanced stage, after colonizing most of the tissue of the primary organ, the malignant cells travel a distance away through lymph and blood to infect other healthy tissue and organs.

Researchers do not know why people with similar health conditions, family history, and race, some are susceptible to cell alternation in the initiation of cancer while others do not.

There has not been much success in the debate over whether the cancerous state is originated in a single cell or whether it is a reflection of aberrant behavior on the part of a ‘society of cells’.

The tissue organization field theory (TOFT) suggested that cancer onset is a result of a breakdown of tissue organization involving many cells from different embryological layers. In other words, cancer is a tissue-based disease and that proliferation is the default state of all cells.

The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory hypothesized that cancers are the result of genetic and epigenetic changes that take place within single cells. In other words, cancer is driven by a rare subpopulation of cells, designated cancer stem cells (CSC).

Other researchers proposed that cancer is the rewiring of the cell’s protein interaction networks mediated by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that drives the tumorigenic process.

In other words, the disorders of signaling proteins and amino acid residues are the culprits which drive the onset of cancers and chronic diseases.

Regardless of the hypotheses, as of the today, the exact causes of cancer are still unknown. Certain risk factors are known to associate with the onset of cancers, including an increase in age, excessive alcohol drinking, cancer-causing chemicals, chronic inflammation, poor diet, hormones therapy, immunosuppression, and infectious pathogens, according to epidemiological studies.

According to the World center fund International, in 2012, there were 14.1 million cancer cases, affecting 7.4 million in men and 6.7 million in women. This number is expected to increase to 24 million by 2035.

Papaya, a species of Carica Papaya, belonging to the family Caricaceae, native to the tropics of the Americas.

The fruit has been used in traditional medicine as remedies for many various ailments, including gastric problems, inflammation, and cancer.

The major chemical constituents of papaya include ethanol extract including benzylisothiocyanate are said to exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, anti cellular oxidative stress, anti neural tube defect, etc. effects.

Aqueous extract, according to University of Tokyo, on various tumor cell lines, showed to inhibit significant growth activity, through immunomodulatory effects including, interleukin 12 (also known as natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2), IL-12p70(a heterodimer), IFN-gamma(regulation of immunologically relevant genes) and TNF-alpha(innate immune response against pathogenic infection).

Fermented papaya, a traditional dish of many Southeast Asian cultures, processed antioxidan, and immune-modulating potentials, through the influence of signaling cascades associated with cell growth and survival, from epidemiological and in-vitro studies of patients with diabetes.

 In Azoxymethane (AOM) induced colon cancer in rats, papaya peel extract (PapPE), showed a significantly ameliorated the cytotoxic effects of AOM, through the potent antioxidant activities in the reduction of oxidative stress (glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation).

In cultured human lung cancer H69 cell, Benzyl glucosinolate (BG) found in the pulp and the seed of papaya, inhibited cancer cell proliferation at a dose of 6.5 μmol, probably through its effect in superoxide generation and apoptosis induction.

Benzylisothiocyanate (BITC), another chemical constituent also mediated apoptosis of prostate and pancreases cancer cells through activation of both procaspase-8 pathways(initiation of apoptosis) and cell cycle arrest, inhibition of the advanced ovarian cancer cell lines through activation of caspase-3(activation in the apoptotic cell) and -9(activation of apoptotic process), and cleavage of PARP-1(repair of DNA damage) and breast cancer through generation of reactive oxygen species.

Dr/ Nguyen and the research team at The University of Queensland told PubMed "(The) extract-based or specific compound-based investigations and emphasize the aspects (of papaya) that warrant future research to explore the bioactives in C. papaya for their anticancer activities".

Taken altogether, fermented papaya containing major chemical constituents such as Benzyl glucosinolate (BG) and Benzylisothiocyanate (BITC) may be considered a functional food for the prevention and an adjunct therapy combined with the conventional medicine for the treatment of cancers, but further studies with large sample size and multi-centers are necessary to reaffirm papaya anti cancers possibility.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) #Healthy #Foods - Fruits - Papaya (Carica Papaya)(Better living and living health)
(2) Anticancer activity of Carica papaya: a review by Nguyen TT1, Shaw PN, Parat MO, Hewavitharana AK. (PubMed)
(3) Cancer statistics Worldwide(World center fund International)
(4) Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects by Otsuki N, Dang NH, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S, Morimoto C.(PubMed)
(5) Diabetes as a risk factor to cancer: Functional role of fermented papaya preparation as phytonutraceutical adjunct in the treatment of diabetes and cancer by Aruoma OI, Somanah J, Bourdon E, Rondeau P, Bahorun T. (PubMed)
(6) Amelioration of azoxymethane induced-carcinogenesis by reducing oxidative stress in rat colon by natural extracts by Waly MI, Al-Rawahi AS, Al Riyami M, Al-Kindi MA, Al-Issaei HK, Farooq SA, Al-Alawi A, Rahman MS.(PubMed)
(7) Content determination of benzyl glucosinolate and anti-cancer activity of its hydrolysis product in Carica papaya L, by Li ZY1, Wang Y, Shen WT, Zhou P.(PubMed)
(8) Papaya seed represents a rich source of biologically active isothiocyanate by Nakamura Y, Yoshimoto M, Murata Y, Shimoishi Y, Asai Y, Park EY, Sato K, Nakamura Y. (PubMed)
(9) Dietary isothiocyanate mediated apoptosis of human cancer cells is associated with Bcl-xL phosphorylation by Basu A, Haldar S.(PubMed)
(10) Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells in vitro by Kalkunte S, Swamy N, Dizon DS, Brard L(PubMed)
(11) Benzyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species and regulated by Bax and Bak by Xiao D1, Vogel V, Singh SV. (PubMed)
(12) Ficus carica L. (Moraceae): Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Biological Activities by Mawa S, Husain K, Jantan I.(PubMed)

Herbal Butterbur, the Potent Anti Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Functional Herb, Scientists Suggest

By Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Butterbur may be considered an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, some scientists suggested.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a condition of inflammation of the nasal passages as a result of seasonal allergic effects.

Most cases of rhinitis are caused by the immune system overreaction of pollen, mold, animal dander, or dust, the body releases chemicals.

Most people with acute allergic rhinitis are experiencing symptoms of sneezing, itchiness and a blocked or a runny nose.

However, some people may have chronic allergic rhinitis,  because they're sensitive to all seasonal allergens, including tree or grass pollen.

Most acute allergic rhinitis does not require medical attention, however, if your acute allergic rhinitis that lasts for several months and disrupts your daily activity, you may want to check with your doctor to rule out other possibilities.

Longterm untreated allergic rhinitis may induce complications of nasal polyps, sinusitis, and middle ear infections.  

Most cases of allergic rhinitis can be treated with over counter medicine, including non-sedating antihistamines and nasal passages spray with a salt water solution.

In a severe case, a stronger medication, such as a nasal spray containing corticosteroids can be helpful.

Please make sure that you know all the side effects of corticosteroids for preventive measure.

Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetland, riverside, forest, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Northern Hemisphere.

The plant has been used in herbal medicine used as a pain reliever in the digestive system, including stomach, bile ducts, and duodenum, etc.

The Chemical ingredients of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene, and ethylene, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin and iso-S-petasin, etc.

In the study to re-examine the recent literature regarding the alternative therapies for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, Dr. Man LX, at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, found that although there are several studies report beneficial effects of Butterbur for treating allergic rhinitis. additional insight into the mechanisms of action, short-term and long-term effects and adverse events are necessary before the herbal medicine can be integrated into the general treatment armamentarium of allergic rhinitis.

Dr. Guo R, the lead author in the study to investigate the efficacy of herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) launched a search in the 5 electronic databases published before and on November 8, 2005.

The guideline and criteria were set to only include double-blind randomized clinical trials (RCTs), which tested a herbal medicine against placebo or an active comparator, in patients with AR, and evaluated clinically relevant outcomes.

Study selection, data extraction, and evaluation of methodological quality were performed independently by 2 reviewers.

16 eligible RCTs, testing 10 different herbal products against placebo or an active comparator, were included.

Out of 16 selected studies, Six RCTs studied suggested that Petasites hybridus (butterbur) extract is superior to placebo or similarly effective compared with nonsedative antihistamines for intermittent AR.

At the final report of the study, the doctors wrote, "There is encouraging evidence suggesting that P hybridus may be an effective herbal treatment for seasonal (intermittent) AR".

These results suggested that herbal Butterbur may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis without inducing serious side effects.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Conventional, complementary, and alternative options for seasonal allergies by Moyad MA. (PubMed)
(2) Complementary and alternative medicine for allergic rhinitis by Man LX. (PubMed)
(3) Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review by Guo R, Pittler MH, Ernst E.(PubMed)

Strawberries, The Functional Food Which Inhibits the Risk Factors of the Onset of Atherosclerosis, Researchers Suggest

By Kyle J. Norton

Strawberries may be considered a functional food that blocks the plaque accumulated in the arteries, causing atherosclerosis, some scientists suggested.

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition of heart disease characterized by plaque building up in the inner wall of the arteries.

Where arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the heart and other organs and tissue of the body and plaque is the substance made up mostly with fat, cholesterol, calcium.

According to the statistics, atherosclerosis causes 32% of deaths of heart disease. The prevalent rate of the disease onset among adults of 20 years and above is 13.8%.

Dr. Singh RB, the lead author in the assessment of diet and exercise and lifestyle on risk of atherosclerosis conducted a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial, 621 patients assigned either intervention diet A (group A, 310 patients) or control diet B (group B, 311 patients) for a period of 24 weeks.

Where participants of group A are received: (1) a diet with a higher percentage of calories from fruits and vegetables and complex carbohydrates; (2) a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio diet; and (3) a larger amount of soluble dietary fiber, antioxidant vitamins and minerals and low saturated fat and cholesterol than group fB. Group A patients also did more physical and yogic exercises than group B.

After 24 weeks of intervention, he wrote. " There was a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (13.3%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (16.9%), triglycerides (19.2%), fasting blood glucose (19.5%) and blood pressures (11.5/6.2 mm Hg) in the intervention group compared with initial levels and changes in group B".

These result suggested that a healthy diet accompanied by moderate exercise are the major factors that can substantially reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. In other words, people who follow the Western diet with physical inactivity are at higher risk to the onset of the disease.

Strawberries are a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belonging to the family Roseaceae.

They have been grown all over the world in a suitable climate for commercial profits and health benefits.

The major chemical compounds of strawberry include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.

Intake of strawberry daily to improve the potent antioxidants status in the body can reduce cardiovascular risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in limited studies.

Dr. Basu A, the team leader at the Oklahoma State University, Stillwater study showed that freeze-dried strawberry supplementation improves blood pressure, impaired glucose, dyslipidemia, or circulating adhesion molecules in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome, thereby lowering cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects suggested.

The randomized controlled trial included 27 subjects with metabolic syndrome (2 males and 25 females; body mass index, 37.5 +/- 2.15 kg/m(2); age, 47.0 +/- 3.0 years [means +/- SE]) consumed 4 cups of freeze-dried strawberry beverage (50 g freeze-dried strawberries approximately 3 cups fresh strawberries) or equivalent amounts of fluids (controls, 4 cups of water) daily for 8 weeks.

Strawberry supplementation intake significantly decreased total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.8 +/- 0.2 to 5.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/L and 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/L, respectively [means +/- SE], P < .05) and low-density lipoprotein particles compared to controls at the week 8.

Furthermore, strawberry supplementation also decreased circulating levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 vs controls at the end of the study.

The team at the final report said, "short-term freeze-dried strawberry supplementation improved selected atherosclerotic risk factors, including dyslipidemia and circulating adhesion molecules in subjects with metabolic syndrome".

In additional examing the therapeutic roles of strawberries, blueberries, and cranberries in metabolic syndrome, a prediabetic state characterized by several cardiovascular risk factors, Dr. Basu A said, "strawberries lowering total and LDL-cholesterol, but not triglycerides, and decreasing surrogate biomarkers of atherosclerosis (malondialdehyde and adhesion molecules)".

Strawberry also extended a lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lipid oxidation and improving insulin resistance but in the lesser effect compared to the blueberry

Cranberry juice selectively decreasing biomarkers of lipid oxidation (oxidized LDL) and inflammation (adhesion molecules) in metabolic syndrome compared to lesser effect in those of strawberry.

The tested berries demonstrated a potential effect in up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in the protection of the cardiovascular system, reduction of renal oxidative damage, and inhibition of the activity of carbohydrate digestive enzymes or angiotensin-converting enzyme in controling the blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the blood.

Taken all together, strawberry may be considered a function\al food for the prevention of atherosclerosis and combined with the primary therapy for the treatment of the disease.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.



Reference
(1) The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health. by Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M.(PubMed)
(2) Phenolic Composition of Strawberry Genotypes at Different Maturation Stages(ACS Publication)
(3) Strawberries decrease atherosclerotic markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
Basu A, Fu DX, Wilkinson M, Simmons B, Wu M, Betts NM, Du M, Lyons TJ.(PubMed)
(4) Strawberries, Blueberries, and Cranberries in the Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Perspectives.
Basu A, Lyons TJ.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of diet and lifestyle changes on atherosclerotic risk factors after 24 weeks on the Indian Diet Heart Study by Singh RB1, Singh NK, Rastogi SS, Mani UV, Niaz MA. (PubMed)