How to Protect Yourself Against Hepatitis Infection Naturally, Suggested by PubMed

Kyle J. Norton



Green tea may have a potential effect in protected your liver against hepatitis infection, particularly, for people frequently travel to the third world countries, where risk of prevalence is abnormal high due to inadequate sanitation, some scientists suggested.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver disease caused by virus in most cases. however, long term over dose of drugs and alcohol also can cause hepatitis.

Most cases of hepatitis are mild without exerting any symptoms to carriers. However, Some forms can be serious affecting liver function and inducing liver cirrhosis, or  liver cancer.

People infected by viral hepatitis may experience no symptoms or symptoms of jaundice, yellowing of skin and eyes, lose of appetite, dark colored urine and pale bowel movements,..... Please see your doctor immediately if you have developed some of above symptoms.

Liver disease is condition characterized by reduced function of liver in toxin elimination due to organ damage or injure caused by medication, viral infection, long term high amount of alcohol intake, ....

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

According to the joint study lead by the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, in the review of the data base of PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu databases, regular green tea drinking is associated to a significant reduction in the risk of liver disease(1), including hepatocellular carcinoma, liver steatosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease.

Green tea demonstrated a reduced risk of liver disease, particularly in hepatitis, regardless of the race and geography(1) of the patients resided such as Asian, American and European subgroups.

1. Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis is a medical condition characterized by immune system attacking the liver cells in induction of liver cirrhosis as a result of long term liver cellular inflammation and necrosis.

In concanavalin A (ConA) (25 mg/kg) induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice, pre-treatment of green tea exerted a strong inhibition of inflammatory cytokines through 

* Increased Bcl-2 expression(16), a regulator protein with function of blocking the apoptotic death of some cells and 

* Deceased activity of protein Bax in activated p53, a tumor suppressor to induce cell death and caspase-3, and Caspase-9 proteins(16) in signaling molecules in responsible for executing cell death in compared to ConA-treated group within 8 hours of applications.

Observed by TUNEL assay by detecting apoptotic cells that undergo extensive DNA degradation.

In other words, green tea EGCG administration reduced expression of ConA in induction of decreased numbers of infectious cells being attacked by the immune system, thus ameliorating risk of liver cell damage.

Application of green tea bioactive polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (10 or 30 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 10 days before ConA injection also demonstrated a significant activity in reduced activation of BNIP3(16), a member of the apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family in mediated infectious cell apoptosis through autophagy(16) in induced destruction of damaged or redundant cellular components in compared to lectin ConA.

Further ananlysis suggested that the result of green tea EGCG efficacy in induction of BNIP3 to decrease expression of concanavalin A (ConA) in reduction of numbers infectious cell proliferation was attributed to the IL-6/JAK/STAT3(16) signaling pathway which plays an important role in the mechanisms in exhibited green tea EGCG antioxidant activity in blocking infectious cells migration and invasion in exhibited hepatoprotective effect.

In other words, said, Dr. Li S(16), the lead scientist "EGCG attenuated liver injury in ConA-induced hepatitis by down-regulating IL-6/JAKs/STAT3/BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy".

Further differentiation also found that green tea EGCG administration inhibited the immune over reaction and pathological damage by decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)(16), tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cell signaling protein (cytokine) in activated systemic inflammation in the acute phase infection.

Green tea also modulated the inflammatory factors, interleukin 6 (IL-6)(16), the pro inflammatory cytokines and anti inflammatory mytokins promptly and transiently produced in response to infections and tissue injuries and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)(16), a cytokine that plays an important role in inducing and modulating immune responses to the infectious tissue, as well as cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β)(16), a key mediator of the inflammatory response in protected body against pathological invasion.


2. Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection of acute and chronic liver disease, caused by a double stranded DNA virus HBV transmitted through infected blood, semen, or other body fluid.

Hepatitis B can be acute or chronic. If you are infectious by the virus and unable to get rid of them after six months, you are at increased risk of having a "chronic infection."

Patients infected by acute and chronic hepatitis B may carry no symptoms or experience some symptoms pain around the liver, dark urine and/or pale stool......

According to the statistic, positive carriers among Canadian is estimated to be 0.5% to 1.0%., depending to ethnicity.

According to the evaluation of the effect of green tea bioactive polyphenos epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) and risk of hepatitis B, application of the phytochemical inhibited HBV replication in the testing Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(17), through a significant effect in reduced prevalence of liver damage caused by hepatitis B virus.

Injection of EGCG at the dose of less than 100 μM in the observed liver cancer cell line showed no effect in induced cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation but exhibited a strong effect in ameliorated expression of 

* Surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg)(18) and 

* Antigen of hepatitis B virus(18) circulated in infected blood (HBeAg) levels found by the ELISA method and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)assay.

Differentiation in different HepG2 2.2.15 cells to compare the effective of green tea with standard antiretroviral medication lamivudine (3TC), researchers indicated that administration of EGCG shows a significant inhibition of viral proliferation through attenuated expression of levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant and extracellular HBV DNA(18) in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

At doses of 50-200 μg/ml EGCG displayed strong effects in compared to lamivudine (3TC) at dose of 200 μg/ml(18).

Application of EGCG also suppressed the extracellular HBV DNA(18), a nutrient source for viral cell proliferation and survival through attachment, aggregation, and stabilization of microcolonies.

The results of the experiments pointed out that green tea EGCG comprises a potential anti-HBV activity with low toxicity.

Moreover, in the investigation of green tea EGCG effect in the early stages of infection caused by four different Hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D researchers also found that at dose of more than 80%, the phyochemical inhibited both DMSO-differentiated HuS-E/2 cells and HA-NTCP-expressing Huh7 cells(19) involved cancer cell process in early stage of proliferation through induced protein degradation and ameliorated serum of tansferrin(19).(the iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids)which is considered as a liver fibrosis biomarker in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

However, treatment of cells with EGCG had no effect on HBV genome replication or virion secretion(19) and the characteristic of HBV virion and the expression of known HBV entry factors were unaltered(19) out side of the host before attacking the liver tissue.

3. Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is medical condition induced by contaminated food intake containing hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C has been found to associate with sever liver damage.

Chronic hepatitis C patients may not experience any symptoms, however, in serious cases of liver damage, patients may develop symptoms of bleeding and bruising easily. poor appetite, fatigue Poor appetite, jaundice,.....

According to statistic, approximately 130–150 million people around the world are living with chronic HCV.

In Huh7.5.1 cells, a HCV cell culture (HCVcc) system using a JFH1-GFP chimeric virus, application of green tea EGCG with 50 % effective concentration (EC(50)) of 17.9 μM demonstrated a strong effect in interrupted HCV progression through monitoring HCV RNA and protein levels in Huh7.5.1 cells infected with the JFH1 virus(21) by preventing the mRNA in transferring infectious cell transcription in facilitated cell proliferation and division.

Injection of green tea at dose of 50 and 25 μM EGCG, expressed a significant inhibition of the presence of HCV after 2 and 5 passages in HCV cell culture (HCVcc) experiment(21), using an American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference strain, with little affect to the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in initiated substitution of RNA sequences for viral protein synthesis(21) in shutting off classic host translation to evade host immune response.

Notably, in comparison of effect of green tea with potent anti-HCV medicine, cyclosporin A and tamoxifen, researchers indicated that application of green tea showed a strong anti HCV viral activity, similarly to those of anti hepatitis medicine through its antioxidant expression of flavonoids epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 7,8-benzoflavone (α-naphthoflavone)(21), observed in HCV cell culture (HCVcc) by blocking the entry point of the virus in initiated infection to host cells(21) and stimulating the viral cell cycle arrest at the late stage of HCV life cycle(21), respectively

Some researchers in the evaluation of green tea polyphenols (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in hepatitis C infection suggested that EGCG processes anti viral expression through interrupting the cross link between HCV life cycle involving steps of entry, replication(22).

Injection of a concentration of 50 μM of EGCG was found to inhibit HCV infectivity by more than 90% at an early step of the viral life cycle(20).

The interrupted property in blocking the HCV entry cycle to induce infection to the host cell was confirmed with HCV pseudoparticles(20), a experiment model system in expression of cellular attachment which is the essential component of the HCV entry process.

Green tea EGCG also prevented attachment of of the virus to the cell surface in ameliorated HCV infection to the host cell without effecting viral replication and virion secretion outside of the host(20).

Summary
Green tea with abundant bioactive polyphenols may be considered as function foods for reduced risk and treatment of various types of liver diseases. However, intake of green supplement should be taken with extreme care as toxicity was reported in numbers of medical literature, such as

The single ingredients extract has also been found to induce hepotoxocity(2)(4) and acute liver dysfunction(4) in many occasions due to overdoses and long term usages.

Additionally, according to the Baylor College of Medicine and Dalhousie University, Halifax reported, "(There is) a case of acute impending liver failure in an adolescent male using a weight-loss product containing green tea extract" and "acute liver toxicity observed in individuals consuming supplements containing green tea extract"(3).

However, further data collection on larger sample and multi centers clinical studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its anti autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B and C possibilities.

Intake of green tea extract should  be taken with exceptional care as acute liver toxicity was reported in some cases in medical literature.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author biography: Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.



Sources
(1) The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta analysis by Yin X1, Yang J2, Li T3, Song L4, Han T5, Yang M1, Liao H1, He J1, Zhong X1.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(4) Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: case report and review of the literature by Molinari M1, Watt KD, Kruszyna T, Nelson R, Walsh M, Huang WY, Nashan B, Peltekian K.(PubMed)
(16) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting BNIP3. by Li S1, Xia Y1, Chen K1, Li J1, Liu T1, Wang F1, Lu J1, Zhou Y1, Guo C1.(PMC)
(17) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits entry of hepatitis B virus into hepatocytes by Huang HC1, Tao MH2, Hung TM3, Chen JC4, Lin ZJ5, Huang C6.(PubMed)
(18) Preventive effects of a major component of green tea, epigallocathechin-3-gallate, on hepatitis-B virus DNA replication by Karamese M1, Aydogdu S, Karamese SA, Altoparlak U, Gundogdu C.(PubMed)
(19) Green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, possesses the antiviral activity necessary to fight against the hepatitis B virus replication in vitro by Pang JY1, Zhao KJ, Wang JB, Ma ZJ, Xiao XH.(PubMed)
(20) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a new inhibitor of hepatitis C virus entry by Calland N1, Albecka A, Belouzard S, Wychowski C, Duverlie G, Descamps V, Hober D, Dubuisson J, Rouillé Y, Séron K.(PubMed)
(21) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the replication cycle of hepatitis C virus by Chen C1, Qiu H, Gong J, Liu Q, Xiao H, Chen XW, Sun BL, Yang RG.(PubMed)
(22) A cell-based, microplate colorimetric screen identifies 7,8-benzoflavone and green tea gallate catechins as inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus by Fukazawa H1, Suzuki T, Wakita T, Murakami Y.(PubMed)

Carotenoids, the Secret Ingredients In Protection of Your Heart, Studies Provided by National Institutes of Health

Kyle J. Norton

Carrots' carotenoids may have a profound and positive effect in protection of your heart against development of cardiovascular disease, some scientists suggested.

The differentiation of studies were carried out by some respectable institutes, including the Università di Napoli and published on online medical data.

Carotenoids used by the plant to absorb light energy in photosynthesis, are class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin.and lycopene,

In plants, carotenoids play an important role in protected chlorophyll from sunlight in induction of oxidation to cause photo damage.

Researcher at the Tufts University suggested that in human, dietary carotenoids may provide health benefits in decreasing risk of diseases, particularly certain cancers and eye disease.

Cardiovascular disease is a medical condition characterized by heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke cause by narrowed or blocked blood vessels.

Most common symptoms included chest pain, chest tightness, chest pressure and chest discomfort (angina), shortness of breath. sweating, irregular heartbeat

If you experience some the above symptoms, please see your doctor right the way.

A rest electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) can often detect heart disease, heart attack, an enlarged heart, or abnormal heart rhythms that may induce heart failure.

Rocket, UCSF – Virtual Labs, Stanford University in the evaluation CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS suggested,  "Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among people with diabetes mellitus" and "Compared to people without diabetes, those with diabetes have a higher prevalence of CVD and are more likely to have myocardial infarctions or silent myocardial ischemia".

However, diabetic patients who actively manage their risk factors may avoid or delay the development of heart and blood vessel disease.

Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub spices of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fibre
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Vitamin A
7. Thiamine (VittaminB1)
8. Riboflavin (Vittamin B2)
9. Niacin (Vittamin B3)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate (Vittamin B9)
12. Vitamin C
13. Vitamin K
14. Calcium
15. Iron
16. Magnesium
17. Molybdenum
18. Phosphorus
19. Potassium
20. Sodium

In the study to evaluate the effect of many natural substances, including carotenoids in protection against cardiovascular disease through influence of endothelial functions, smooth muscle cell proliferation, thrombosis and plaque rupture, researchers at the Seconda Università di Napoli lauched an study to know more of the injection of the pigment in inhibition of ROS which were found over expression in patients with CVD.

ROS, the reactive oxygen species produced through many aspects and have a strong implications in all organs and tissues in the body daily.

Dr. Giugliano D, said, "A sufficient supply with antioxidants from diet might help prevent or delay the occurrence of pathological changes associated with oxidative stress" and " When diet fails to meet the antioxidant requirement, dietary supplements might be indicated".

Injection of antioxidants from various sources together with the antioxidants produced by the body tissues play an important role to keep free radicals in check.

In other words, maintaining the healthy ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body is considered as a good way to prevent he occurrence of pathological changes and reduce risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).

The best antioxidant frequnetly mentioned by the studies were vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, coenzyme Q10, flavonoids and the amino acid L-arginine.

Oxidative stress was found to induce intracellular Ca2+-overload, one of the critical impact in the genesis of myocyte dysfunction.

Increased expression of free radicals was also found to injure and damage the cardiac myocytes.

Further analysis of the bioactive lycopene, one of the major component of carotenoids, researchers at the Catholic University School of Medicine, conducted a study by comparison to the Northern European or other Western countries, the Mediterranean area in rates of mortality from cardiovascular diseases. 

Lycopene, a member of natural carotenoids found in tomato and carrot, is an essential component of the Mediterranean diet.

The study included the identification and differentiation of numbers of study which were satisfied the guidelines and criteria to maintain the integration of the investigations.

According to the selected studies, researchers found that most reports show a strong support of the role of lycopene in the prevention of CVD epidemiologically in a dose-response manner.

However, Dr. Mordente A, the lead author said, " A less clear and more complex picture emerges from the interventional trials, where several works have reported conflicting results".

Truly, lycopene reduced risk in prevention of CVD was attributed to its function as an antioxidant scavenger, hypolipaemic agent, inhibitor of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors, which have been contributed to attenuated onset of the diseases.

Moreover, in the review of medical literature published between 2000 and 2011 in analysis of the properties of the carotenoid lycopene in chemical and biological systems in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), researchers at the joint study lead by the J Friedrich Schiller University showed that
* Epidemiological studies strongly supported the role of lycopene protective effects against the progression of CVD.

* Lycopene inhibited over expression of low density lipoproteins (LDL) which  is a fundamental mechanism in the initiation of atherosclerosis.

* Lycopene improves blood flow and reduces inflammatory responses.

Dr. Müller L, the lead author after taking into account of other co and confounders said, "Tissue culture experiments and animal studies support potential cardioprotective effects for lycopene and other carotenoids in the blood" and "Most studies showed beneficial effects of lycopeneto individuals who are antioxidant-deficient like elderly patients, or humans exposed to higher levels of oxidative stress like smokers, diabetics, hemodialysis patients and acute myocardial infarction patients".

The information findings suggested that carrot and its bioactive phytochemical carotenoids (lycopene) may have a strong implication in prevent onset of cardiovascular disease, through its antioxidant activity in inhibition of several major risk factors, including levels of low blood cholesterol, Ca2+-overload.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Dietary antioxidants for cardiovascular prevention by Giugliano D1(PubMed)
(2) Lycopene and cardiovascular diseases: an update by Mordente A1, Guantario B, Meucci E, Silvestrini A, Lombardi E, Martorana GE, Giardina B, Böhm V(PubMed)
(3) Lycopene and Its Antioxidant Role in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases-A Critical Review by Müller L1, Caris-Veyrat C2,3, Lowe G4, Böhm V(PubMed)
(4) CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS(Rocket, UCSF – Virtual Labs, Stanford University)
(5) The role of carotenoids in human health by Johnson EJ(PubMed)

^^^^^^How to Prevent Immune Disorder, Cardiac and Infectious Diseases Caused By Thrombosis Naturally, Scientists Reveal

Kyle J. Norton

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect to act as antithrombotic medicine in reduced hyper blood coagulation in initiated some forms of immune disorder, cardiac and infectious diseases, some scientists suggested.

Coagulation abnormalities are commonly medical conditions associated to patients in critical illness.
Dr. de Laforcade A, in the article of "Diseases associated with thrombosis" said, "Traditionally, clinically relevant coagulation disorders have consisted mostly of bleeding associated with advanced stages of disseminated intravascular coagulation or toxin ingestion" and "Targeting those populations most at risk for thrombotic complications are necessary for better understanding the need for prophylactic anticoagulant therapy.".

 According medical literature, the function of antithrombotic agent used in conventional medicine can be divided into 2 categories, for prevention or treatment of a dangerous blood clot (acute thrombus) therapeutically.

Blood coagulation is very danger if it is untreated.

People who are hypercoagulable are associated to increase risk of blood clots developing in the arteries (blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart) and veins (blood vessels that carry blood to the heart), leading to stroke(4), heart attack(5), severe hip and leg pain(6), difficulty walking(7),...... epidemiological studies strongly suggested.

In depth analysis, complications of untreated thrombosis are more broaden than general belief, including many forms of immune-mediated disease, cardiac disease and infectious diseases(9).

Some researchers suggested that implications for communicating about family history of thrombosis may be necessary as it is one of common risk factor in increased onset of the condition.

People having the above symptoms together with family history of blood clot should be diagnosed early to confirm or rule out such condition.

Early diagnosis of thrombosis is associated to increase survival and reduce risk of complications.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...


Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc
19. Etc.

In the screen of the potential effect of essential oils extracted from fennel in guinea pig and rat plasma to assess anti platelet activity and inhibition of clot retraction, researchers at the Università di Parma, launched an investigation in compared a numbers of essential oil extracts from numbers of herbal plant.

Including in the evaluation are essential oils isolated from Anthemis nobilis L., Artemisia dracunculus L., Cannabis sativa L., Cupressus sempervirens L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., Curcuma longa L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Hypericum perforatum L., Hyssopus officinalis L., Mentha spicata L., Monarda didyma L., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocotea quixos Kosterm., Origanum vulgare L., Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold, Pinus silvestris L., Piper crassinervium Kunth., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Salvia sclarea L., Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Thymus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinaie L.

In compared to other essential oil, F. vulgaris essential oil exerted a strong anti coagulative activities against ADP, Arachidonic Acid and the Thromboxane A2 agonist U46619, and a good ability to destabilize clot retraction.

Adenine di-Phosphate (ADP), an important platelet agonist that plays a vital role in normal hemostasis and thrombosis. The defective ADP may induce impairment of platelet aggregation.

Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid and the precursor of thromboxane and prostacyclin, two of the most active compounds related to platelet function.

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a potent vasoconstrictor derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid and has prothrombotic properties.

Further examination also found that tested essential oils, including fennel demonstrate a significant correlation between antiplatelet potency and phenylpropanoids content.

The phenylpropanoids synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine are associated to the ability in inhibited blood clotting.

These results suggested that essential oils isolated from fennel and other herbal plants may play a key role for this moiety in the prevention of clot formation, Dr. Tognolini M, the lead author suggested, after taking into account of other co and con founders.

Moreover, anethole, the main fragrance and bioactive compound of fennel lso exerted antithrombotic activity involved numbers of mechanisms others than those mentioned above.

According to the Università di Parma, the property of anethole in decreased thrombosis was attributed to efficacy of the compound in modulated several cell signaling pathways, mainly NF-kB and TNF-α signaling.....

In thrombosis, NF-κB transcription factors, P50/P65 process the ability to regulate the expression of tissue factor (TF), a principal initiator of the coagulation cascade, according to the joint study lead by the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology(8).

Tumor necrosis factor is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) best know for its role in systemic inflammation and the acute phase reaction. The protein also plays an essential role in platelet thrombus formation. 

The differentiation of anethole's role in decreased thrombosis suggested that activation of inflammatory cytokines by immune system in the acute phase of infection also stimulates the production of platelets. And inflammatory cytokines also process the ability in enhanced the retraction of the coagulum.

In tested guinea pig, application of anethole enhanced antiplatelet properties through a significant effect in inhibited arachidonic acid, collagen, ADP and U46619-induced aggregation (IC(50) from 4 to 147 microg ml(-1)).

Researchers at Università di Parma also found that

*Anethole, tested in rat aorta with or without endothelium, displays a similar effect to those of NO-independent vasorelaxant activity at antiplatelet concentrations. 

* . In vivo,  anethole orally administered in a subacute treatment to mice (30 mg kg(-1)day(-1) for 5 days) showed significant antithrombotic activity in preventing the paralysis induced by collagen-epinephrine intravenous injection (70% and 83% protection, respectively).

After taking into account of other co and con founders, Dr. Tognolini M, the lead author at the Università di Parma said, "F. vulgare essential oil, and its main component anethole, a safe antithrombotic activity that seems due to their broad spectrum antiplatelet activity, clot destabilizing effect and vasorelaxant action".

The findings indicated that fennel and its bioactive compound anethole may be considered as functional food to reduce risk of diseases associated to thrombosis, such as immune-mediated disease, neoplasia, systemic inflammation and sepsis, cardiac disease, protein-losing states, and infectious diseases(9).

However, further data collection on large sample size and multi centers clinical studies performed with human consumption during the course of the investigation will be necessary to complete the picture of fennel and its bioactive anethole' protective effect against onset thrombosis possibilities.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.caAuthor Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity by Tognolini M1, Barocelli E, Ballabeni V, Bruni R, Bianchi A, Chiavarini M, Impicciatore M(PubMed)
(2) Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis by Tognolini M1, Ballabeni V, Bertoni S, Bruni R, Impicciatore M, Barocelli E.(PubMed)
(3) Anethole and Its Role in Chronic Diseases by Aprotosoaie AC1, Costache II2, Miron A3.(PubMed)
(4) Embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for ischemic stroke with homologous bloodclots in rats by Jin R1, Zhu X1, Li G(PubMed)
(5) How to prevent clots in the legs and lungs. A blockage outside the heart can be just as dangerous as a heart attack.[No authors listed](PubMed)
(6) Deep venous thrombosis in a patient presenting with severe left inguinal and hip pain: a case report by Fidan F1, Alkan BM, Tosun A, Ardçoğlu Ö(PubMed)
(7) Building a protocol to guide mobility in the ICU by Dammeyer J1, Dickinson S, Packard D, Baldwin N, Ricklemann C(PubMed)
(8) NF-κB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR p50 CRITICALLY REGULATES TISSUE FACTOR IN DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS by  Yi-Dan Li1,#, Bu-Qing Ye1,#, Sheng-Xi Zheng1 , Jin-Tao Wang1 , Jian-Guo Wang2 , Ming Chen1 , Ji-Guo Liu1 , Xin-Hui Pei1,3, Li-Jing Wang4 , Zhi-Xin Lin3 , Kalpna Gupta5 , Nigel Mackman2 , Arne Slungaard5 , Nigel S. Key2 , Jian-Guo Geng(JBC (Papers in Press)
(9) Diseases associated with thrombosis by de Laforcade A(PubMed)

How to Protect Your Lung Injure and Damage by Second Hand Cigarette Smokes Suggested by National Institutes of Health Model Studies

Kyle J. Norton


Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in protect your lung damage caused by cigarette smoking, some scientists suggested.

The results of these research were conducted by several respectably institutions such as J American University of Madaba and Policlinico Universitario and published on the online medical literature.

According to the statistic, cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death, accounting for more than 480,000 deaths every year, or about 1 in 5 deaths in the US alone.

Green tea, is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit and known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

In the study to investigate outcome of cigarette smoking induced oxidative stress in alternated the cellular antioxidant defense system in facilitated apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and damage in rat model random assigned to into four groups, sham air (SA), cigarette smoke (CS), CGT 2% plus SA or plus CS, through an experiment carried out as a single daily dose (1 cigarette/rat) for a period of 90 days, using an electronically controlled smoking machine, researchers found that
* Long term exposure to cigarette smoking catalyzed the balance of ratio of free radicals and antioxidant defense in the tested body, leading to over expression ROS in precipitated cytotoxicity to lung tissue and induced production of proinflammatory cytokines.

* Lung injure and damage due to smoking are observed through the 24 hr collection after last CS exposure from histology and all enzyme assays.

* Lung cells apoptosis are evidenced by the fragmentation of DNA in TUNEL assay.

Application of green tea CGT demonstrated a significant recovery of all pathophysiological and biochemical events expressed from above, particularly, in treatment group given CGT infusion as a drink instead of water.

After taking into account of other co and con founders Dr. Al-Awaida W, the lead researcher said, " Exposure of albino rat model to cigarette smoke caused oxidative stress, altered the cellular antioxidant defense system, induced apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and tissues damage, which could be prevented by supplementation of CGT".

Moreover, oral administration of green tea bioactive polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)
in tested Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into four groups, sham air (SA), 4% CS, 2% Lung Chen teaplus SA or 4% CS with SA or 4% CS carried out for 1h/day for 56 days in ventilated smoking chambers, exerted

* A significant effect in reduced airspace enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia associated to asthma caused by 56-day CS exposure alone

* A strong effect in restored the balance of antioxidants produced by EGCG and the host natural defense and reactive oxygen species, through suppressing levels of oxidative stress caused by CS.

Additionally, according to the Policlinico Universitario in the study to evalaute the green tea extract in risk of pleurisy, a lung disease caused inflammation of the tissue layers (pleura) lining the lungs and inner chest wall induced by carrageenan, application of green tea extract reduced fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity containing many neutrophils (PMNs), an indication of inflammation.

These results were attributed to green tea property in reduced immune response in initiated and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as nitrite/nitrate, tumour necrosis factor alpha and ICAM-1 in activated NF-κB in cellular response to stimuli and increased the expression of adhesion molecules as well as over expression of and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) and nitrotyrosine formation.

Nitrite/nitrate are food preservatives added to food to prevent bacteria from growing. Dietary consumption of nitrates are associated to increased risk of cancer(4).

The chemical compounds may induce cell cytotoxicity, if taking in some amounts.
Truly, serum of nitrite/nitrate are in high levels in patient with inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis, according to BMJ journals(5).

Tumor necrosis factor is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) plays an important role in systemic inflammation of the acute phase reaction. Over expression of tumor necrosis factor can results of tissue damage and apoptosis to nearby healthy cells.

ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) plays an essential role to immune response in facilitated directly inflammatory expression.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of proteins involved in a number of cellular processes. Over expression of PARP may alter cellular DNA in induction of early stage of carcinogenesis(6).

An increase of nitrotyrosine and impairment of antioxidant defense systems are associated patients with inflammatory diseases such as diabetes. But in smoke exposure, nitrotyrosine formation is an indication of lung cell apoptosis.

D. Chan KH, the lead author at the final phase of analysis, suggested that green tea extract exerts a protective effect and offers a novel therapeutic approach for the management of lung injury.

The  findings suggested that green tea, its extract and bioactive polyphenols EGCG may be considered as function foods in protection of lung tissue injure, damage and cell death due to long term exposure to cigarette smoking.

However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the investigation will be necessary to complete the picture of its protective effect of the lung in exposure to cigarette smoking.

Intake of green tea supplement should be taken with extreme care as acute liver toxicity was reported in numbers of case in medical literature.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Chinese green tea consumption reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and tissues damage in smoke exposed rats by Al-Awaida W1, Akash M2, Aburubaiha Z1, Talib WH3, Shehadeh H4(PubMed)
(2) Green tea polyphenol extract attenuates lung injury in experimental model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice by Di Paola R1, Mazzon E, Muià C, Genovese T, Menegazzi M, Zaffini R, Suzuki H, Cuzzocrea S.(PubMed)
(3) Chinese green tea ameliorates lung injury in cigarette smoke-exposed rats by Chan KH1, Ho SP, Yeung SC, So WH, Cho CH, Koo MW, Lam WK, Ip MS, Man RY, Mak JC.(PubMed)
(4) Dietary Nitrates, Nitrites, and Nitrosamines Intake and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis by Peng Song,1,† Lei Wu,2,† and Wenxian Guan1(PMC)
(5) Serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis byY Ersoy1, E Özerol2, Ö Baysal1, I Temel2, R S MacWalter3, Ü Meral1, Z E Altay(BMJ Journals)

(6) Overexpression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis by Nosho K1, Yamamoto H, Mikami M, Taniguchi H, Takahashi T, Adachi Y, Imamura A, Imai K, Shinomura Y.(PubMed)

Green Tea, A Potential Beverage Which Treats Pulmonary Fibrosis Caused by Over Expression of Reactive Oxygen Species, MEDLINE Studies Showed

Kyle J. Norton


Green tea may have a potential possibility in cure of pulmonary fibrosis induced by over expression of free radicals.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive condition of lung disease characterized by reduced numbers and increased stiffness of air sac in the lungs (alveoli), affecting the lung breathing function to provide enough oxygen into the bloodstream

Green tea, is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

In the evaluation of green tea extract efficacy in pulmonary fibrosis caused by direct injury due to over expression of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in mice model with injection of Paraquat (0.3 mg/kg) into the right lungs of rats, after 2 weeks, then assigned the tested mice to group treated by green tea extract or non treatment groups and control group treated by saline, after assessment, researchers found that
* Non treatment group exerts a significant expression of pulmonary fibrosis, observed by contents of light microscopic morphometry and hydroxyproline and over capacity of ROS observed by the lipid perioxidation assay.

Light microscopic morphometry is valuable technique in the analysis of precancerous lesions at the light and electron microscopic level, in this case, it is pulmonary fibrosis.

Further examination also discovered that non treatment mice group displays a pronouncely increased
levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indication of over expression of free radicals in induction of oxidative stress caused by ROS chain reaction and endothelin (ET)-1, and prepro-ET-1 mRNA expression, a strong indication of the endothelium signals of vasoconstriction and local cellular growth and survival of air sac cells in the lungs (alveoli).

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress

Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor

*In compared to non treatment and saline groups, green tea administered 1% GTE mixed with feed group shows significant decrease in pulmonary fibrosis, along with decreases in MDA, ET-1, and prepro-ET-1 mRNA expression



The result suggested that green tea inhibitorily oxidative activity in reduced expression of pulmonary fibrosis through promoted production of antioxidants and  antioxidants from the host to restore the ratio of antioxidant and free radicals and decreased the facilitation of proinflammatory cytokines in precipitated damage and apoptosis of lung cells and fibroblasts.


Dr. Kim HR, thelead author, after taking into account of other con founders said, "GTE inhibits paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppression of oxidative stress and ET-1 expression".


Additional study of the neutrophils in the site of infection in initiated host defense and inflammation for pulmonary fibrosis development by the Medical School of Padova, revealed that application of green tea (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) strongly inhibits neutrophil elastase by repressing the reactive oxygen species activity in induction of apoptosis of activated neutrophils.

In vitro, administration of EGCG dramatically inhibited chemokine expression, a secondary pro-inflammatory mediators induced by primary pro-inflammatory in activated neutrophil chemotaxis in migration of neutrophils of immune system to the site of infection.

Importantly, injection of green tea EGCG also demonstrated a significant effect by blocking neutrophil-mediated angiogenesis in vivo by initiated growth of new blood vessels to stimulate and fuel the ongoing lung cell damage and death of the cell in the alveoli.

These differentiation constituted a substantial and protective effect in enhanced resolution in a pulmonary inflammation model and significantly reduced consequent fibrosis.

Dr. Donà M, at the end of the analysis said, "These results provide molecular and cellular insights into the claimed beneficial properties of green tea and indicate that EGCG is a potent anti-inflammatory compound with therapeutic potential".


The above analysis of green tea effect in protect the lung against the development of pulmonary fibrosis caused by free radical chain reaction and over production of pro inflammatory factors were supported by the study of "the protective effect of green tea extract (GTE), curcumin, against N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on experimentally induced pulmonary fibrosis" by Cairo University.

According to the study, application of curcumin (200 mg/kg b.w), GTE (150 mg/kg b.w), and NAC (490 mg/kg b.w) orally for 14 days with concomitant administration of cyclophosphamide (CP), revealed a strong activity in inhibited oxidative stress and lung myelo-peroxidase activity observed in animals of the CP group.

Cyclophosphamide is a chemodrug used to suppress the immune system.

Myelo-peroxidase (MPO) is a highly oxidative enzyme.

Treatment group also decreased the levels of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, leukotriene C₄, and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in demonstration of over reaction of immune response in induction of inflammation through inhibited production of proinflammatory cytokines (growth factor-β, interleukin -1β, and histamine) in initiated lung injure and induced apoptosis of lung cells.

N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) in the analysis of kidney disease including nephrotoxicity.

Leukotriene C₄ is a leukotriene produced and secreted by eosinophils on activation.

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is used to analyze interstitial lung diseases.

Protein abundance levels in BALF is a marker of lung diseases.

Taken together, green tea and its bioactive polyphenols may be considered as a function food for prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory effect in elevated risk and progression of the disease.

However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption of green tea during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its potential in ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis possibilities.

Intake of green tea supplement should be taken with exceptional care, as acute liver toxicity was reported in several medical literature.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Neutrophil restraint by green tea: inhibition of inflammation, associated angiogenesis, and pulmonary fibrosis by Donà M1, Dell'Aica I, Calabrese F, Benelli R, Morini M, Albini A, Garbisa S.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea extract inhibits paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppression of oxidative stress and endothelin-l expression by Kim HR1, Park BK, Oh YM, Lee YS, Lee DS, Kim HK, Kim JY, Shim TS, Lee SD(PubMed)
(3) Modulatory effects of curcumin and green tea extract against experimentally induced pulmonary fibrosis: a comparison with N-acetyl cysteine by Hamdy MA1, El-Maraghy SA, Kortam MA(PubMed)

Can Black Carrots Ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes? Revealed By MEDLINE Model Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Carrots may have a profound and positive effect in ameliorated types 2 diabetes, some scientists suggested.

The results of the differentiation were carried out by numbers of respectable Universities, including Nanchang University and published at numbers of online medical literature.

You can view the abstract of the quoted studies by clicking the resources links.

Diabetes is a condition characterized by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream in regulation of levels of glucose.

The disease are either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reaction of cells in the immune system.

Symptoms of  type 2 diabetes are characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin with the most common symptoms of increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss......

According to the epidemiological studies, uncontrolled diabetes may induce serious complications, including cardiovascular disease(5), nerve damage (neuropathy)(6), kidney damage (nephropathy)(7), eye damage (retinopathy)(7), foot damage(8), skin conditions(9),........


Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub spices of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fibre
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Vitamin A
7. Thiamine (VittaminB1)
8. Riboflavin (Vittamin B2)
9. Niacin (Vittamin B3)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate (Vittamin B9)
12. Vitamin C
13. Vitamin K
14. Calcium
15. Iron
16. Magnesium
17. Molybdenum
18. Phosphorus
19. Potassium
20. Sodium

In the evaluation of the effects of black carrot and its major phenolic compounds, in reduced onset of diabetes, researchers at the joint analysis lead by the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, launched an investigation of molecular interactions of phenolic compounds of black carrot with enzymes involved in glucose metabolism in compared to standard inhibitors in human.

According to vitro assay, black carrot purified extract and the standard inhibitors acarbose and vildagliptin,oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs exerted significant activities in inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).

α-Amylase, an amylase is an enzyme with function of catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars.

Alpha-glucosidase is a glucosidase with function in breaking down starch and disaccharides to glucose.

And, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are conventional oral anti-diabetic drugs with function in preventing the digestion of carbohydrates in patient with type 2 diabetes.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), a serine exopeptidase has a strong implication to the onset of type 2 diabetes with function in regulation of the biological activity of hormones and chemokines, such as glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone nwhich has a significant impact in glucose-dependent insulin secretion and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide with an unique function on insulin and glucagon secretion in humans.

At IC50 value, purified extract of black carrot demonstrated a stronger effect in compared to the standard inhibitor acarbose, the conventional diabetic drug.

According to the docking scores, application of black carrot extract inhibited diabetes through its expression of antioxidant in production of fewer anthocyanin molecules in compared to their respective inhibitors.

Further analysis of the anthocyanin molecules of black carrot, cyanidin 3-xylosyl galactoside researchers discovered that black carrot extract displays a potential drug activities in inhibited enzymes, serine exopeptidase Dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP4) similar to those of vildagliptin.

Dr. Karkute SG, the lead scientist, after taking into account of other confounders soad, "Anthocyanins from black carrot were found to be effective to control diabetes" and "Cyaniding 3-xylosyl galactoside (isolated from carrot and wild carrot) is the best potential molecule for inhibiting enzymes involved in glucose metabolism".

In animal model assigned to non-diabetes mellitus (NDM), untreated diabetes mellitus (DM), DM plus L. plantarum NCU116 (NCU), DM plus fermented carrot juice with L. plantarum NCU116 (FCJ), and DM plus non-fermented carrotjuice (NFCJ) for evaluati thon of the effect of carrot juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 on high-fat and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes, researchers once again reaffirmed that

* NCU and FCJ treatment group at for 5 weeks exerted a favorably regulated blood glucose, hormones, and lipid metabolism, accompanied by an increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in the colon.

Increased short-chain fatty acids in the colon was associated to diabetic amelioration.

Application of NCU and FCJ also exhibits anti diabetes effect in restored the antioxidant capacity and other aspects in regulated the abnormal function in glucose metabolism, including Morphology of

* The pancreas and kidney (morphological changes in the podocyte foot processes in the glomerulus and in microvilli of proximal tubules are an indication of the diabetic kidney. And morphological changes of the pancreas reduced size and numbers of islet are associated to patients with diabetes)

* mRNA of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, (morphological changes of mRNA of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor reduce the function of LDL in regulation of insulin production).

* Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), (morphological changes of CYP7A1 reduce function of the host in regulation of bile acid synthesis and dyslipidemia in diabetes)

* Glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), ( morphological changes of GLUT-4 reduces function of the host in mediated glucose removal.

* Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) (morphological changes of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ decrease the essential role of these receptors in lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity).


By observation of black carrot functions in lipid and glucose metabolism through other mechanisms, Dr. Li C, the lead authors suggested, "L. plantarum NCU116 and the fermented carrot juice had the potential ability to ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats".

Taken together, black carrot and carrot and carrot extracts may be considered as a functional food in  attenuated type 2 diabetes

However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its potential in ameliorated diabetic possibilities.

Intake of supplementation should be taken with especial care in prevention of acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Anti-diabetic phenolic compounds of black carrot (Daucus carota subspecies sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) inhibit enzymes of glucose metabolism: An in silico and in vitro validation by Karkute SG1, Koley TK2, Yengkhom BK3, Tripathi A2, Srivastava S4, Maurya A2, Singh B(PubMed)
(2) Carrot juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 ameliorates type 2 diabetes in rats by Li C1, Ding Q, Nie SP, Zhang YS, Xiong T, Xie MY(PubMed)
(3) Comparing olive oil and C4-dietary oil, a prodrug for the GPR119 agonist, 2-oleoyl glycerol, less energy intake of the latter is needed to stimulate incretin hormone secretion in overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes by Mandøe MJ1,2,3, Hansen KB1,2,3, Windeløv JA1,2, Knop FK1,4,5, Rehfeld JF6, Rosenkilde MM7, Holst JJ8,9, Hansen HS(PubMed)
(4) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26): knowing the function before inhibiting the enzyme by Matteucci E1, Giampietro O.(PubMed)
(5) Glucose lowering strategies and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes - teachings from the TOSCA.IT study by Vaccaro O1, Masulli M2, Riccardi G(PubMed)
(6) Imaging of the Corneal Subbasal Whorl-like Nerve Plexus: More Accurate Depiction of the Extent of Corneal Nerve Damage in Patients With Diabetes by Utsunomiya T1, Nagaoka T1, Hanada K2, Omae T1, Yokota H1, Abiko A3, Haneda M3, Yoshida A(PubMed)
(7) Urine Proteome Specific for Eye Damage Can Predict Kidney Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control and a 5.3-Year Prospective Cohort Study by Yang JK1, Wang YY2, Liu C2, Shi TT2, Lu J2, Cao X2, Yang FY2, Feng JP2, Chen C3, Ji LN4, Xu A(PubMed)
(8) Reconstructive vascular surgery and the extent of tissue damage due to diabetic foot ulcers relates to risk of new ulceration in patients with PAD by Elgzyri T1, Larsson J2,(PubMed)
(9) Comparative Genomic, MicroRNA, and Tissue Analyses Reveal Subtle Differences between Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Foot Skin by Ramirez HA1, Liang L2, Pastar I2, Rosa AM2, Stojadinovic O2, Zwick TG3, Kirsner RS4, Maione AG5, Garlick JA5, Tomic-Canic M(PubMed)

How to Improve Your Body Cells Integrity and Viability in Expression of Cytoprotection and Antitumor Activity, Revealed By MEDLINE Model Studies

By Kyle J. Norton

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in induction of cytoprotection and antitumor activity against cancer expression, some scientists suggested.

The results were reported by several respectable institutes including National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Health.

Cytoprotection is a natural process by which certain chemical compounds isolated exhibited  protection to cells against harmful agents, including bacteria, virus, toxicity,....

Antitumor activity is also a process in inhibited cell growth irregularly and uncontrollably. Tumors can be benign or invasive.

Malignant tumors have the ability to travel outside of the original site to infect the nearby tissue or organs. Depending to the stage of invasive cancer, early discovered is one most important factor in increased chance of survival.

According to statistic from Canary Foundation, cancer strikes about 1 in 3 women and 1 in 2 men in the U.S and and more than 560,000 die each year due to cancers.

The five years of survival rate of breast and prostate in early stage of discovery is closed to 100%.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc


In an aim to evaluate the efficacy of fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME) for its antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities and for its capacity to serve as a nontoxic radioprotector, researchers at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo, launched an investigation in Swiss albino mice through injection of FSME, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally into mice bearing EAC before exposed to three 2-Gy doses of gamma irradiation.

During the 30 days of experiment, researchers found that application of fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME)  exerts a strong effect at the C50 (mean standard deviation 50% inhibitory concentrations) at dose of 50 μg/mL and 48 μg/mL in inhibited the proliferation of the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and Hepg-2 liver cancer cell line, respectively.

Treatment group also displayed a decreased level of MDA and improved natural antioxidants produced by the tissues of the host in compared to elevation of MDA and significant reduced levels of catalase and Glutathione (GSH) contents in control.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a highly oxidative compound and considered as a marker of oxidative stress.

Catalase is a common enzyme and anioxidant produced by the host with function in inhibited free radical expression through de-composited hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

Glutathione (GSH) is also an antioxidant enzyme with function in inhibited over expression of reactive oxygen species and theirs' chain reaction.

Reduced levels of natural antioxidants produced by the host tissue show a strong effect in imbalance of the ratio of antioxidants and free radical expression in induction of early development of oxidative related diseases.

These results suggested that fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME) ameliorated over production of ROS caused by ingestion of doses of gamma irradiation through its antioxidants and enhanced antioxidants production of the mice tissue via ratio of ROS and Antioxidants.

In other words, application of the fennel extract may have a potential in
* Reduced oxidative stress and protected mouse cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. 

* Improved natural antioxidants and oxidative stability of fatty foods during storage.

* Exhibited an antitumor effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting the antioxidant defense system in EAC-bearing mice with or without exposure to radiation.

Further illustration of the effect of whole food fennel in treatment of cancers and examination of the cytoprotective effects, researchers at the National Institute of Health conducted a comparison of five herbal supplements, designated FB, FM, PP, HF and FBL101, which contain different combinations of various natural herbs such as licorice, black cohosh, Dong Quai, false unicorn and vitex berry root against mice bearing CWR22R and PC3 prostate cancer xenografts.

According to the results of experiment,
* All herbal medicine, FB, FM, PP, HF and FBL101 inhibited PC3 tumor growth by 53%, 75%, 80%, 81% and 87%, respectively.

* In CWR22R tumors, application of all supplements exerted a similar effect in suppression of the cancer cells proliferation.

* All applications did not show an inhibitory activity against levels of testosterone in compared to untreated mice. 

However, supplements PP and FBL101 exerted a significantly reduced VEGF levels, a potent angiogenic factor with function in stimulated production of new blood vessels to ensure cell proliferation, in PC3 and CWR22R tumors.

* Intratumoral microvessel density was decreased in PC3 tumors treated with all five supplements but only in CWR22R tumors treated with HF.

Dr. Ng SS, the lead author said, "herbal supplements containing the aforementioned extracts inhibit the growth of prostate tumor xenografts, possibly in part by antiangiogenic mechanisms".


The above differentiation were supported by the Quaid-i-Azam University in the analysis of the antibacterial potential of some medicinal plants against multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens and anticancer effect against MCF-7 cell line.

According to the results of report, application of whole food  fennel and fennel ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of cancer cells proliferation, induction of cancer cell apoptosis and reduction of growth of Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Taken together, fennel and its extracts may be used as function food in exertion of cytoprotection and antitumor activity.

However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its cyto-protection and antitumor possibilities.

Intake of fennel extracts should be taken with extreme care, as overdoses may cause acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of methanolic extract and volatile oil of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) by Mohamad RH1, El-Bastawesy AM, Abdel-Monem MG, Noor AM, Al-Mehdar HA, Sharawy SM, El-Merzabani MM.(PubMed)
(2) Antitumor activity of herbal supplements in human prostate cancer xenografts implanted in immunodeficient mice by Ng SS1, Figg WD.(PubMed)
(3) Study of anticancer and antibacterial activities of Foeniculum vulgare, Justicia adhatoda and Urtica dioica as natural curatives by Batool R1, Salahuddin H1, Mahmood T1, Ismail M2.(PubMed)