Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unpreventable in Western medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce risk of its complications, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc.
Reduce fat intake less than 30% of total calories with a low proportion of saturated fat and high in fiber from predominantly low-glycaemic-index-carbohydrate foods for patients with PCOs(827a). Calorie intake should be distributed between several meals per day with restricted intake of snacks and drinks(828).
Stress in a natural reaction of human fight or fight response induced by pressure due to such as an environmental condition or a stimulus. Long term stress can cause deleterious and cumulative effects on human body(1104), including emotional or cognitive problems, such as an increased risk of attentional deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety, and language delay(1103), especially for people with chronic illness, including women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOs)(1105).
Ashwagandha(Withania
somnifera), also known as Indian Ginseng is a nightshade plant
belongings to the family Solanaceae, native to India, northern Africa,
and the Middle East used in
Ayurvedic medicine
over 3000 years(1101) as antitumors(1107)(1108), anti ulcers(1111),
anti-stress(1112)(1115)(1118),
cognition Dysfunction(1109)(1110)(1118), anti-inflammatory(1113)(1116),
antioxidant(1114)(1117), immunomoduratory(1120)(1121), anti-aging(1119),
etc., herbal medicine.
Phytochemicals(1102)
1. Isopelletierine
2. Anaferine
3. Cuseohygrine
4. Anahygrine
5. Withanolides
6. Withaferins
7. Saponins
8. Sitoindosides
9. Acylsterylglucosides
10. Z-Guggulsterone(1106)
10. Etc.
Epidemiological strong evidences suggested that herbal ashwagandha processes anti stress related disorders( induced by oxidative stress(1122)(1123) and long term stress(1123) effects, probably through its antioxidant(1123)(1124)(1126),
anti-stress(1112)(1115)(1118) effects. In rat model, hydroalcoholic extract enhances its antioxidant effect against psychological symptoms(1132) induced by long term stress, such as reduced motor performance(1124), cognitive impairmen(1125)(1126, anxiety(1127)(1128), sleep disorder(1129)(1130), depression(1131), etc. In phyisological symptoms, the herb has showed to reduce fatigue(1133) risk of hypertension(1134), risk of stroke(1135). risk of diabetes(1136), improve energy(1132), etc...
(1106) Simultaneous Estimation of Withaferin A and Z-Guggulsterone in Marketed Formulation by RP-HPLC by Agrawal P
1, Vegda R
2, Laddha K
2.(
PubMed)
(1107) Selective killing of
cancer cells by leaf extract of
Ashwagandha: components, activity and pathway analyses by Widodo N
1, Takagi Y, Shrestha BG, Ishii T, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R.(
PubMed)
(1108) Selective killing of
cancer cells by leaf extract of
Ashwagandha: identification of a tumor-inhibitory factor and the first molecular insights to its effect by Widodo N
1, Kaur K, Shrestha BG, Takagi Y, Ishii T, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC.(
PubMed)
(1109) Effect of standardized aqueous extract of
Withania somnifera on tests of
cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants by Pingali U
1, Pilli R
1, Fatima N
1.(
PubMed)
(1110) Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of
withania somnifera for
cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder by Chengappa KN
1, Bowie CR, Schlicht PJ, Fleet D, Brar JS, Jindal R.(
PubMed)
(1111) Evaluation of the anti-
ulcer activity of NR-ANX-C (a polyherbal formulation) in aspirin & pyloric ligature induced gastric
ulcers in albino rats by Nair V
1, Arjuman A, Gopalakrishna HN, Dorababu P, Mirshad PV, Bhargavan D, Chatterji D.(
PubMed)
(1112) Effect of
Withania somnifera (
Ashwagandha) root extract on amelioration of oxidative
stress and autoantibodies production in collagen-induced arthritic rats by Khan MA, Subramaneyaan M, Arora VK, Banerjee BD, Ahmed RS.(
PubMed)
(1113) Evaluation of
anti-inflammatory effect of
Withania somnifera root on collagen-induced arthritis in rats by Gupta A
1, Singh S.(
PubMed)
(1114) Protective effect of
Withania
somnifera root powder in relation to lipid peroxidation, antioxidant
status, glycoproteins and bone collagen on adjuvant-induced arthritis in
rats by Rasool M
1, Varalakshmi P.(
PubMed)
(1115)
Withania somnifera Improves Semen Quality in
Stress-Related Male Fertility by Mahdi AA
1, Shukla KK, Ahmad MK, Rajender S, Shankhwar SN, Singh V, Dalela D.(
PubMed)
(1116) Withaferin A inhibits pro-
inflammatory cytokine-induced damage to islets in culture and following transplantation by SoRelle JA
1, Itoh T, Peng H, Kanak MA, Sugimoto K, Matsumoto S, Levy MF, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B.(
PubMed)
(1117) Evaluation of
antioxidant potential of Rasayana drugs in healthy human volunteers by Kuchewar VV
1, Borkar MA
2, Nisargandha MA
3.(
PubMed)
(1118)
Withania somnifera (
Ashwagandha) in neurobehavioural disorders induced by brain oxidative stress in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Durg S
1, Dhadde SB, Vandal R, Shivakumar BS, Charan CS.(
PubMed)
(1119) In vitro protective effects of
Withania
somnifera (L.) dunal root extract against hydrogen peroxide and
β-amyloid(1-42)-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells by Kumar S
1, Seal CJ, Howes MJ, Kite GC, Okello EJ.(
PubMed)
(1120) Chemotypical variations in
Withania somnifera lead to differentially modulated immune response in BALB/c mice by Kushwaha S
1, Roy S, Maity R, Mallick A, Soni VK, Singh PK, Chaurasiya ND, Sangwan RS, Misra-Bhattacharya S, Mandal C.(
PubMed)
(1121) Molecular insight into the immune up-regulatory properties of the leaf extract of
Ashwagandha and identification of Th1 immunostimulatory chemical entity by Khan S
1, Malik F, Suri KA, Singh J.(
PubMed)
(1122) Evaluation of the
anti-proliferative and
anti-
oxidative activities of leaf extract from in vivo and in vitro raised
Ashwagandha by Kaur K
1, Rani G, Widodo N, Nagpal A, Taira K, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R.(
PubMed)
(1123)
Anti-oxidant effect of
Withania somnifera glycowithanolides in chronic footshock
stress-induced perturbations of
oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rat frontal cortex and striatum by Bhattacharya A
1, Ghosal S, Bhattacharya SK.(
PubMed)
(1124) Evaluation of
Withania somnifera in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats by Chaudhary G
1, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Gupta YK.(PubMed)
(1125) Propoxur-induced acetylcholine esterase inhibition and impairment of cognitive function: attenuation by
Withania somnifera by Yadav CS
1, Kumar V, Suke SG, Ahmed RS, Mediratta PK, Banerjee BD.(
PubMed)
(1126) Attenuation of oxidative damage-associated
cognitive decline by
Withania somnifera in rat model of streptozotocin-induced
cognitive impairment by Ahmed ME
1, Javed H, Khan MM, Vaibhav K, Ahmad A, Khan A, Tabassum R, Islam F, Safhi MM, Islam F.(
PubMed)
(1127) An alternative treatment for
anxiety: a systematic review of human trial results reported for the Ayurvedic herb
ashwagandha (
Withania somnifera) by Pratte MA
1, Nanavati KB, Young V, Morley CP.(
PubMed)
(1128) Plant-based medicines for
anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence
by Sarris J1, McIntyre E, Camfield DA.(PubMed)
(1129) Effect of
Withania somnifera on
Sleep-Wake Cycle in
Sleep-Disturbed Rats: Possible GABAergic Mechanism by Kumar A
1, Kalonia H.(
PubMed)
(1130) Protective effect of
Withania somnifera Dunal on the behavioral and biochemical alterations in
sleep-disturbed mice (Grid over water suspended method) by Kumar A
1, Kalonia H.(
PubMed)
(1131) Protective effect of
Withania somnifera dunal root extract against protracted social isolation induced behavior in rats by Gupta GL
1, Rana AC.(
PubMed)
(1132) An overview on
ashwagandha: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda by Singh N
1, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M.(
PubMed)
(1133) Effect of
Withania somnifera (
Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast
cancer patients by Biswal BM
1, Sulaiman SA, Ismail HC, Zakaria H, Musa KI.(
PubMed)
(1134)
Withania somnifera shows a protective effect in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary
hypertension by Kaur G
1, Singh N, Samuel SS, Bora HK, Sharma S, Pachauri SD, Dwivedi AK, Siddiqui HH, Hanif K.(
PubMed)
(1135)
Withania somnifera Improves Ischemic
Stroke Outcomes by Attenuating PARP1-AIF-Mediated Caspase-Independent Apoptosis by Raghavan A
1, Shah ZA.(
PubMed)
(1136) The aqueous extract of
Withania coagulans fruit partially reverses nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats by Shukla K
1, Dikshit P, Shukla R, Gambhir JK.(
PubMed)
Ginseng (Panax spp.)
(See Herbal treatment for PCOs for more information)
[ Ginseng
Asia is also known as Panax ginseng. Since it has been grown in the
cold places in the Asian, Asian ginseng is considered as yang promoting,
according to traditional Chinese medicine.
Korean red ginseng
extract (KRGE) in the experiment in PCOs induced rodent, improved
PCO-related ovarian dysfunction(830). In rat model, induced by injection
of estradiol valerate (EV), the extract also regulated
sympathetic nerve activity by significantly lower expression of NGF
protein (
involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells) and NGF mRNA(
the form of RNA that carries information from DNA)
involved in the abnormal process caused by steroid-induced PCO(830).
Also, in the experiment of Ginseng total saponins (GTS) involved
polycystic ovaries induced by a single intramuscular injection of 4 mg
estradiol valerate (EV) in rats, GTS decreased the expression of NGF in
ovary tissue(831)].
(See herbal medicine for weight loss)
[Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, the genus
Panax, belonging to the family Araliaceae. Depending to the climate
where it grows, ginseng can be classified mainly into Panax ginseng
Asian ginseng (root), Red ginseng, wild ginseng, American ginseng
(root)(791).
In 10 obese middle-aged Korean women who took
Panax ginseng extracts for 8 wk, showed effectively in influence on gut microbiota in promoting
weigh loss but depending to the composition of gut microbiota prior to
ginseng intake(792). In mice fed on a high-fat diet, g
inseng
saponin and ginsenosides not only exerted anti-obesity effects via the
modulation of physiological lipid metabolism in vivo or intracellular
signalling in cell culture systems, but also promoted anti-obesity
effects, through abnormal physiology via HFD. Leptin, insulin, and
adiponectin, which carry out critical functions in energy and lipid
metabolism(793)].
The Phytochemicals
1. Ginsenoside
2. Notoginsenoside
3. Chikusetsuaponin IV
4. Panaxynol
5. Ginsenyne
6. Alpha pansinsene
7. Beta pansinsene
8. Beta farnesene
9. Bicyclogermacrene
10. Beta elemene
11. Gama elemene
12. Alpha neodovene
13. Beta neodovene
14. Alpha humulene
15. Beta humulene
16. Caryophyllene
17. Beta gurjunene
18. Alpha gurjunene
19. Citric acid
20. Isocitric acid
21. Fumaric acid
22. Oleic acid,
23. Linoleic acid
24. Beta sitosterol
25. Stigmasterol
26. Daucosterol
27. Sitosteryl-o-(6-O-fatty acyl)-glucpyranoside
28. Etc.
Panax ginseng, native to Korea, one of most frequent and wonderful used over thousand years in herbal medicine for improvement of male over all health due to aging diminished steroidal hormone
in Asian(1138) has found to process significant anti-
stress (1137)(1143)(1144), such as
adapt to stress(1138)
through reverted cholesterol (CL), creatine kinase (CK) activity(1137) anti oxidative stress(1139)(1142)(1146) through its elevation in catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as scavenger enzymes(1139). antioxidant effects(1140).
In immobilized mice, orally administered ginsenoside Rb1 found in Panax ginseng exhibited its anti stress effects
through regulation of serum levels of corticosterone(1145) and interleukin (IL)-6(1141).
In chronic unpredictable mild
stress rat model, ginsenosides also ameliorated stress symptoms of depression(1147)(1149)(1150) through significantly suppressed behavioral and biochemical changes(1147) and cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and biochemical alterations through improved corticosterone levels; and attenuated oxidative-nitrergic
stress(1148).
In stress induced metabolic syndrome(1151), ginseng' saponins (ginsenosides) are proven effectively for its properties of anti-hyperglycemia, insulin sensitization, islet
protection, anti-obesity and anti-oxidation in many model systems, according to Louisana State University System(1152).
(1137) Anti-
stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and
Panax ginseng: a comparative study by Rai D
1, Bhatia G, Sen T, Palit G.(
PubMed)
(1138) Ginseng, Korean(
The free dictionary by Farlet)
(1139) Effects of
Panax ginseng extract on exercise-induced oxidative
stress by Kim SH
1, Park KS, Chang MJ, Sung JH.(
PubMed)
(1140) Saponins from
Panax japonicus attenuate D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in rats by Wang T
1, Di G, Yang L, Dun Y, Sun Z, Wan J, Peng B, Liu C, Xiong G, Zhang C, Yuan D. (
PubMed)
(1141) Anti-
stress effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol in immobilized mice by Oh HA
1, Kim DE, Choi HJ, Kim NJ, Kim DH.(
PubMed)
(1142) Protective effect of
panax
notoginseng saponins on acute ethanol-induced liver injury is
associated with ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation and reducing
ethanol-mediated oxidative
stress by Ding RB
1, Tian K, Cao YW, Bao JL, Wang M, He C, Hu Y, Su H, Wan JB.(
PubMed)
(1143) [The
anti-
stress effect of saponins extracted from
panax ginseng fruit and the hypophyseal-adrenal system (author's transl)].[Article in Chinese] by Zhang SC, Jiang XL.(
PubMed)
(1144)
Ginseng and the hypothalamic-pituitary control of
stress by Fulder SJ.(
PubMed)
(1145) Stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical system by
ginseng saponin by Hiai S, Yokoyama H, Oura H, Yano S.(
PubMed)
(1146) [Study on the mechanism of action of total saponins of
Panax notoginseng in ameliorating oxidative
stress and insulin resistance in rats fed with high fat diet].[Article in Chinese] by Zhang SS
1, Wu ZY
2, Chen JM
3, Guo QK
2, Li L
2, Wang ZF
2, Gao Y
4, Ma ZC
4.(
PubMed)
(1147) [Effects of ginsenosides on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats exposed to
chronic unpredictable mild
stress].[Article in Chinese] by Liu L
1, Luo Y, Zhang R, Guo J.(
PubMed)
(1148) Modulation of nitrergic signalling pathway by American
ginseng attenuates
chronic unpredictable
stress-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and biochemical alterations by Rinwa P
1, Kumar A.(
PubMed)
(1149) Ginsenoside Rb3 exerts antidepressant-like effects in several animal models by Cui J
1, Jiang L, Xiang H.(
PubMed)
(1150) Antidepressant effects of
ginseng total saponins in the forced swimming test and
chronic mild
stress models of depression by Dang H
1, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang Q, Wang L, Jia W, Wang Y.(
PubMed)
(1151) Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Disease and Other Disorders by Lale Ozcan and Ira Tabas(
PubMed)
(1152) Traditional chinese medicine in treatment of
metabolic syndrome by Yin J
1, Zhang H, Ye J.(
PubMed)
Licorice
(See herbal treatment of PCOs for more information)
[
Gan Cao is also known as Licorice root. The sweet and neutral
herb has been used in TCM as anti allergy(856), anti inflammation(855), anti
ulcer(857), anti convulsion(858) agent and to treat stomach weakness, tired and lack of
strength, cough with abundance of
phlegm, stomach and solar plexus pain, and improve cardiac function(855), etc., as it tonifies the Spleen,
benefits the Qi, moistens the Lungs, calms cough, deaf or acute pain,
by enhancing all 12 channels(859).
In treatment of PCOs(862), combination of
licorice
and 100 mg spironolactone showed the activation of the
renin-aldosterone system in lowering blood pressure and water (fluid)
balance(860). reducing the prevalence of side effects related
to the diuretic activity of spironolactone(860). In model rats
experiment, Ganshao Paste (CGP), showed the decrease of serum levels of
LH, T, and FSH and increase of serum estradiol (E2), and progesterone
(P)(861)(865)].
(See The Insulin resistance improvement and/or anti metabolic syndrome herbs: Licorice for more information)
1. PCOs
[ Licorice, in a review of 33 studies of herbal medicine for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS), showed a stronge evidences in improved metabolic hormone
profile and improved fertility outcomes and regulation of ovulation and
inhibition of hyperandrogenism in PCOS(860). In model rats
experiment, Ganshao Paste (CGP), also decreased serum levels of
LH, T, and FSH and increased of serum estradiol (E2), and progesterone
(P)(861)(860)(865). According to University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, licorice may have a
potential effect on metabolic syndrome(862) in women with PCOs.
2. Blow flow
Licorice improves the blood flow in the body by exerting its anti thrombosis(983) and inhibiting the levels of bad
cholesterol(984)(985) and triglyceride levels(985) and increasing HDL-cholesterol
content(984) in reduced risk of cardiovascular disease(985) and blood
stagnation(897) in the abdominal region induced induced
infertility(986).
3. Glycyrrhizin
Glycyrrhizin,
one of main ingredient from licorice, exhibited anti inflammatory
effect pharmacologically in treatment of inflammatory
diseases(988)(989)(990), lowered high serum testosterone levels in
oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic women, and induced conception in some
women(991). As antioxidant, the phytochemical also inhibit irregular
cell growth(992)(993) and microbial invasion(994)(995) causes of
cancers(992)(993) and infection and inflammation(994)(995) respectively.
in adrenocortical function and behavour, it also regulated the levels
of
cortisol(996), induced by over production of
serotonin cause of hormone imbalance(997).
4. Phytoestrogen
See phytoestrogen in black cohosh
[Phytoestrogen found it balck cohosh
showed to occupy the
estrogen receptor sites in women body(908), through it antiestrogenic
and extrogenic effects(909), to induce hormone balancing may
result in improving the chance of ovulation and fertility(910)(911)].
5. Lecithin
Lecithin
is a fat like substance called a phospholipid improved lipid transfer,
cholesterol efflux, HDL genesis and and remodeling at the blood-brain barrier (BBB)(998). against
cells from oxidation surrounding the brain(999), in reducing psychotic symptoms(1002) such as stress(1000)(1001), and depression(1002).
Side effects
1. It may raise blood pressure(1003)(1004(1006)
2. Long term usage of large dosage can also cause edema(1004)(1006) and hypokalemia(1004)(1005)(1006).
3. Overdose can be toxic(106), in inducing rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria(1006).
4. Etc.]
Phytochemicals(1058)
1. Glycyrrhizic acid
2. Licochalcone A
3. Licochalcone B
4. Licoflavone
5. Liquiritin
5. Liquiritigenin
7. Isoliquiritigenin
8. Ononins
9. 4′，7-dihydroxyflavone
10. Glycyrrhetinic acid
11. 11-deoxyglycyrrhetinic acid
12. β-sitosterol
13. Etc.
Licorice's phytochemicals, especially glycyrrhizin, have shown efffectively in ameliorated
insulin resistance(1059)(1061)(1063)(1064),
hyperglycemia(1059)(1060), dyslipidemia(1059)(1063) and oxidative
stress(1064) in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome(1059)(1061)(1063) in
animal(1059)(1060)(1061)models, probably through its interference of
the development of visceral obesity(1064) and cellular derailments that
are responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome(1062), anti
inflammatory(1062), antioxidant(1062) and an associated with a decrease
in tissue lipid deposition(1063) effects].
In
chronic unpredictable
stress rat model, total flavonoids extract(1153) (
licorice flavonoids, LF) and liquiritin(1154), a phyochemical found in locorice exerted
anti-depressive(1153)(1154)(1155) and anti-cognitive impairment(1156) property through total flavonoids extract neurogenesis protective effect(1153) and defense of liquiritin and flavonoids extract against oxidative
stress(1154)(1156).
Yokukansan, a traditional Japanese formula, containing licorice showed effectively in amelioration of behavioral symptoms, such as aggressiveness, excitability, and hallucination, through reduced
stress increased the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors density on the plasma membrane of the prefrontal cortex (PFC)(1158).
In high-glucose
stress, Glabridin(1159)(1160), an isoflavan from
licorice root reduced high-glucose
stress(1159)(1160) through its anti inflammatory activity(1159), up-regulates manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase and paraoxonase 2(1160).
In anti oxidative stress, licorice showed to contribute to their overall health promoting pharmacological effects against free radicals(1161)(1162)(1163)(1164) induced diseases such as cancer(1161), cardiac dysfunction(1162) liver diosease(1164), etc., through its anti-inflammatory(1161)(1163)(1164), anti-oxidant
activities(1161)(1162)(1163)(1164).
According to University of Western Sydney, Glycyrrhiza glabra, one of Chinese herbs, exhibited strong evidences of
neuroprotective activity for promotion of healthy ageing and longevity(1157).
(1153) [Antidepressant activities of flavonoids from
Glycyrrhiza uralensis and its neurogenesis protective effect in rats].[Article in Chinese] by Fan ZZ
1, Zhao WH, Guo J, Cheng RF, Zhao JY, Yang WD, Wang YH, Li W, Peng XD.(
PubMed)
(1154) Antidepressant-like effect of liquiritin from
Glycyrrhiza uralensis in
chronic variable
stress induced depression model rats by Zhao Z
1, Wang W, Guo H, Zhou D.(
PubMed)
(1155) Metabonomic study on
chronic unpredictable mild
stress and intervention effects of Xiaoyaosan in rats using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry by Gao X
1, Zheng X, Li Z, Zhou Y, Sun H, Zhang L, Guo X, Du G, Qin X.(
PubMed)
(1156)
Neuroprotective effects of flavonoids extracted from
licorice on kainate-induced seizure in mice through their antioxidant properties by Zeng LH
1, Zhang HD, Xu CJ, Bian YJ, Xu XJ, Xie QM, Zhang RH.(
PubMed)
(1157) An in vitro study of
neuroprotective properties of traditional Chinese herbal medicines thought to promote healthy ageing and longevity by Shen B, Truong J, Helliwell R, Govindaraghavan S, Sucher NJ
1.(
PubMed)
(1158) Yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, decreases head-twitch
behaviors and serotonin 2A receptors in the prefrontal cortex of
isolation-stressed mice, by Ueki T
1, Mizoguchi K
2, Yamaguchi T
2, Nishi A
2, Sekiguchi K
2, Ikarashi Y
2, Kase Y
2.(
PubMed)
(1159) Glabridin, an isoflavan from
licorice root, downregulates iNOS expression and activity under high-glucose
stress and inflammation by Yehuda I
1, Madar Z, Leikin-Frenkel A, Tamir S.(PubMed)
(1160) Glabridin, a phytoestrogen from
licorice root, up-regulates manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase and paraoxonase 2 under glucose
stress by Yehuda I
1, Madar Z, Szuchman-Sapir A, Tamir S.(
PubMed)
(1161) Anti-inflammatory/Anti-oxidative
stress activities and differential regulation of Nrf2-mediated genes by non-polar fractions of tea Chrysanthemum zawadskii and
licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis by Wu TY
1, Khor TO, Saw CL, Loh SC, Chen AI, Lim SS, Park JH, Cai L, Kong AN.(
PubMed)
(1162)
Licorice treatment prevents
oxidative stress, restores cardiac function, and salvages myocardium in rat model of myocardial injury by Ojha SK
1, Sharma C
1, Golechha MJ
1, Bhatia J
1, Kumari S
2, Arya DS
3.(
PubMed)
(1163) Licochalcone A activates Nrf2 in vitro and contributes to
licorice extract-induced lowered cutaneous
oxidative stress in vivo by Kühnl J
1, Roggenkamp D, Gehrke SA, Stäb F, Wenck H, Kolbe L, Neufang G.(
PubMed)
(1164) 18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced
hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats: Role in hyperproliferation, inflammation
and
oxidative stress by Hasan S
1, Khan R
1, Ali N
1, Khan A
1, Rehman M
1, Tahir M
1, Lateef A
1, Nafees S
1, Mehdi S
1, Rashid S
1, Shahid A
1, Sultana S
2.(
PubMed)
Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea)
Rhodiola Rosea, one of the
perennial plant grows in coldest region in the world, including the
Arctic, is a genus Rhodiola, belongings to the family Crassulaceae, used in traditional medicine as an antiaging(1167) agent, and to treat fatigue(1168)(1169),
depression(1170)(1171), anemia(1172), impotence(1173), inflammation(1174), infections(1175),
nervous system disorders(1176)(1177), enhance physical endurance(1178), and increase an organism's resistance to stress(1167)(1179).etc.
Phytochemicals(1165)(1166)
1 .Salidroside
2. Sosavin
3. Rosin
4. Sosarin
5. Tyrosol
6. Lignan major compounds in the
7. Heterodontoside,
8. Viridoside
9. Mongrhoside
10. Cyanogenic glucoside rhodiocyanoside A
11. Epigallocatechin and gallate
12 . Epiga
13. Etc.
In an evaluating anti-stress effects, rhodiola rosea, exhibited positive effects on mental and physical performance under stress(1180)(1181), improved attention and cognitive function associated with its antidepressant activity(1180)(1182) and stress-protective effect of adaptogen(1181), through regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and cortisol levels(1180)(1181).
According to Gesundheitsbezirk Bozen,, rhodiola rosea active substance phenylpropanoide also processed sedative, anti-depressive(1180) and stress-modulated properties through stimulating the distribution of dopamine and serotonin(1182).
In animal model, the herb showed to display antidepressant(1181)(1182)(1184), adaptogenic(1181)(1184), anxiolytic(1184)(1186), nociceptive(1183)(1185) and locomotor activities(1186) induced by intense physical and psychological stress(1183).
In oxidative stress induced animal models, rhodiola is effective in the empowerment of performance(1187), modulation of the immune system(1187) against oxidative damage(1187).
Salidroside (SAL), an active component of Rhodiola rosea protect endothelium(1189) against H2O2-induced endothelial dysfunction(1188)(1189) and oxidative-stress-associated cardiovascular dysfunction(1189) through preventing the overactivation of oxidative stress-related downstream signaling pathways(1188).
(1165) Phylogenetic and Phytochemical Characteristics of Plant Species with Adaptogenic Properties by Robyn KLein.
CHAPTER 6
(1166) Phytochemical characterization of an adaptogenic preparation from Rhodiola heterodonta by Grace MH1, Yousef GG, Kurmukov AG, Raskin I, Lila MA.(
PubMed)
(1167) Rhodiola: a promising anti-aging Chinese herb. by Jafari M1, Felgner JS, Bussel II, Hutchili T, Khodayari B, Rose MR, Vince-Cruz C, Mueller LD.(
PubMed)
(1168) Anti-Fatigue Effects of Fermented Rhodiola rosea Extract in Mice by Kang DZ1, Hong HD2, Kim KI3, Choi SY4.(
PubMed)
(1169) Rhodiola rosea for mental and physical fatigue in nursing students: a randomized controlled trial by Punja S1, Shamseer L2, Olson K3, Vohra S4.(
PubMed)
(1170) Rhodiola rosea versus sertraline for major depressive disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled trial by Mao JJ1, Xie SX2, Zee J2, Soeller I3, Li QS3, Rockwell K4, Amsterdam JD5.(
PubMed)
(1171) Rhodiola rosea therapy for major depressive disorder: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial by Mao JJ1, Li QS2, Soeller I2, Xie SX3, Amsterdam JD4.(
PubMed)
(1172) [Effect of salidroside on bone marrow cell cycle and expression of apoptosis-related proteins in bone marrow cells of bone marrow depressed anemia mice]. [Article in Chinese] by Zhang XS1, Zhu BD, Hung XQ, Chen YF.(
PubMed)
(1173) Panax ginseng, Rhodiola rosea and Schisandra chinensis by Chan SW1.(
PubMed)
(1174) Rhodiola inhibits dengue virus multiplication by inducing innate immune response genes RIG-I, MDA5 and ISG in human monocytes by Diwaker D1, Mishra KP, Ganju L, Singh SB.(
PubMed)
(1175) Sambucus nigra extracts inhibit infectious bronchitis virus at an early point during replication by Chen C, Zuckerman DM, Brantley S, Sharpe M, Childress K, Hoiczyk E, Pendleton AR1.(
PubMed)
(1176) [Advance in studies on pharmacological effect of salidroside on nervous system diseases]. [Article in Chinese] by Xie H1, Zhu DH.(
PubMed)
(1177) Protective effects of a Rhodiola crenulata extract and salidroside on hippocampal neurogenesis against streptozotocin-induced neural injury in the rat by Qu ZQ1, Zhou Y, Zeng YS, Lin YK, Li Y, Zhong ZQ, Chan WY.(
PubMed)
(1178) The effects of an acute dose of Rhodiola rosea on endurance exercise performance by Noreen EE1, Buckley JG, Lewis SL, Brandauer J, Stuempfle KJ.(
PubMed)
(1179) Effects of plant extracts on the reversal of glucose-induced impairment of stress-resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans by Fitzenberger E1, Deusing DJ, Wittkop A, Kler A, Kriesl E, Bonnländer B, Wenzel U.(
PubMed)
(1180) The adaptogens rhodiola and schizandra modify the response to immobilization stress in rabbits by suppressing the increase of phosphorylated stress-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide and cortisol by Panossian A1, Hambardzumyan M, Hovhanissyan A, Wikman G.(
PubMed)
(1182) [The interaction of Rhodiola rosea and antidepressants. A case report]. [Article in German] by Maniscalco I1, Toffol E, Giupponi G, Conca A.(
PubMed)
(1183) Adaptogenic and central nervous system effects of single doses of 3% rosavin and 1% salidroside Rhodiola rosea L. extract in mice by Perfumi M1, Mattioli L.(
PubMed)
(1184) Characterization of the anxiolytic activity of Nunavik Rhodiola rosea by Cayer C1, Ahmed F, Filion V, Saleem A, Cuerrier A, Allard M, Rochefort G, Merali Z, Arnason JT.(
PubMed)
(1185) Synergistic interactions between the antinociceptive effect of Rhodiola rosea extract and B vitamins in the mouse formalin test by Montiel-Ruiz RM1, González-Trujano ME, Déciga-Campos M.(
PubMed)
(1186) Pharmacological evaluation of Potentilla alba L. in mice: adaptogenic and central nervous system effects by Shikov AN1, Lazukina MA, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarova MN, Golubeva OV, Makarov VG, Djachuk GI.(
PubMed)
(1187) Effects of herbal supplements on the immune system in relation to exercise by Megna M1, Amico AP, Cristella G, Saggini R, Jirillo E, Ranieri M.(
PubMed)
(1188) Salidroside stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against H₂O₂-induced endothelial dysfunction by Xing S1, Yang X1, Li W1, Bian F1, Wu D1, Chi J1, Xu G1, Zhang Y1, Jin S1.(
PubMed)
(1189) Salidroside improves homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress by Leung SB1, Zhang H, Lau CW, Huang Y, Lin Z.(
PubMed)
Rhaponticum or Maral root
Rhaponticum also known as Maral root, is an herbaceous perennial plant belongings the family Asteraceae, used in traditional Siberian, Russian and Chinese medicine as anti-depressant(1191)(1192), anti anxiety(1192), anti menopausal complaints(1192)(1193), antioxidant(1194)(1195), immunomodulatory(1194)(1195), anticancerogenic(1194)(1196)(1197), antimicrobial(1194)(1195)(1198)(1199) and adaptogen agent(1194) and to treat impotence(1194), enhance mental and physical performance(1194)(1200), support the nervous(1194)(1201) and cardiovascular system(1194)(1202)(1203), improve work capacity(1194), etc.
Phytochemicals(1190)
1. Rosavin
2. Rosin
3. Rosarin
4. Salidroside
5. Ecdysteroids
6. Flavonoids
7. Phenolic acids
8. Polyacetylenes,
9. Sesquiterpene lactones
10. Triterpenoid glycosides
11. Terpenes
12. Etc.
In in Wistar rats model, N-feruloylserotonins, isolated from the seeds of
Leuzea carthamoides (WILLD.) DC, showed effectively in selective
stress-reducing effects against
stress-sensitive, such as reduced anxiety in the high-pain(1005).
In AdMax formulas, containing
Leuzea carthamoides Iljin, Rhodiola rosea L., Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim, and from dry berries of Schizandra chinensis Baill, improve response to stimulus and
stress, physical endurance and counteract fatigue accordiung to Genext Research, Inc.(1006).
According to Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, herbal rhaponticum also processed anti metabolic syndrome(1204) such as serum lipid
profile(1207)(1204), corticosterone, also known as 17-deoxycortisol and 11β,21-dihydroprogesterone,(1208)(1204) and cytokine concentrations(1209)(1204), glucose
tolerance(1211)(1204), systolic blood pressure(1212)(1204), triacylglycerol accumulation(1207)(1204)(1204) and
its induction of inflammation(1210)(1204),
stress(1204)(1214), and hepatic steatosis(1213) in rat model(1004).
In Oxidative(respiratory) burst, is a chain reaction of
rapid release of reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) from different types of cells, N-feruloylserotonin (N-f-5HT) isomers(1215)(1216)) isolated from seeds of
Leuzea carthamoides (Wild) DC, inhibited dose-dependent oxidative burst in human through its pharmacological activity against oxidative
stress in ischemia-reperfusion, inflammation and other pathological conditions(1215)(1216).
(1190) Review Chemistry and pharmacology of Rhaponticum carthamoides: A review Ladislav Kokoska a,*, Dagmar Janovska(
Elsevier)
(1191) [The use of a decoction of the rhizome of
Leuzea carthamoides for the treatment of alcoholics with
depressive states].[Article in Russian] by Ibatov AN.(
PubMed)
(1192) Long-term effects of the rhapontic rhubarb extract ERr 731® on
estrogen-regulated targets in the uterus and on the bone in
ovariectomized rats by Keiler AM
1, Papke A, Kretzschmar G, Zierau O, Vollmer G.(
PubMed)
(1193) Treatment of
menopausal symptoms by an extract from the roots of rhapontic rhubarb: the role of estrogen receptors by Vollmer G
1, Papke A, Zierau O.(
PubMed)
(1194) Chemistry and pharmacology of Rhaponticum carthamoides: a review by Kokoska L
1, Janovska D.(
PubMed)
(1195) A study on the effect of ethanol extract of Radix rhapontici on erythrocyte immune function in rats by Yan X
1, Zhao H, Guan Y, Song Y, Meng J.(
PubMed)
(1196) Anticarcinogenic activity of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, ginseng, eleutherococcus, and
leuzea on radiation-induced carcinogenesis in female rats by Bespalov VG
1, Alexandrov VA, Semenov AL, Kovan'Ko EG, Ivanov SD.(
PubMed)
(1197) Subtype-specific activation of estrogen receptors by a special extract of Rheum
rhaponticum (ERr 731), its aglycones and structurally related compounds in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells by Möller F
1, Zierau O, Jandausch A, Rettenberger R, Kaszkin-Bettag M, Vollmer G.(
PubMed)
(1198) Antimycobacterial effect of extract and its components from Rheum
rhaponticum by Smolarz HD
1, Swatko-Ossor M, Ginalska G, Medyńska E.(
PubMed)
(1199) Investigation of the
antimicrobial activity of
Rhaponticum (
Rhaponticum carthamoides D.C. Iljin) and shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa L.).[Article in English, Lithuanian] by Jurkštienė V
1, Pavilonis A, Garšvienė D, Juozulynas A, Samsonienė L, Daukšienė D, Jankauskienė K, Simonienė-Kazlauskienė G, Stankevičius E.(
PubMed)
(1200) Evaluation of molecular chaperons Hsp72 and neuropeptide Y as characteristic markers of adaptogenic activity of plant extracts by Asea A
1, Kaur P, Panossian A, Wikman KG.(
PubMed)
(1201) [Cerebroprotector activity of
Rhaponticum carthamoides extract in rats with brain ischemia].[Article in Russian] by Plotnikov MB, Logvinov SV, Pugachenko NV, Maslov MIu, Aliev OI, Vasil'ev AS, Suslov NI, Potapov AV.(
PubMed)
(1202) [Lipid peroxide, membrane fluidity of smooth muscle cells and atherosclerosis].[Article in Chinese] by Lu YC1(
PubMed)
(1203) [Cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic properties of preparations from
Leuzea carthamoides, Aralia mandshurica, and Eleutherococcus senticosus].[Article in Russian] by Maslov LN, Guzarova NV.(
PubMed)
(1204) Effects of
rhaponticum carthamoides versus glycyrrhiza glabra and punica granatum extracts on metabolic syndrome signs in rats by Dushkin M
1, Khrapova M, Kovshik G, Chasovskikh M, Menshchikova E, Trufakin V, Shurlygina A, Vereschagin E.(
PubMed)
(1205) The selective effect of N-feruloylserotonins isolated from
Leuzea carthamoides on nociception and anxiety in rats by Yamamotová A
1, Pometlová M, Harmatha J, Rasková H, Rokyta R.(
PubMed)
(1206) Influence of the plant extract complex "AdMax" on global gene expression levels in cultured human fibroblast
(
PubMed)
(1207) Dietary rhubarb (Rheum
rhaponticum)
stalk fibre stimulates cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene expression
and bile acid excretion in cholesterol-fed C57BL/6J mice by Goel V
1, Cheema SK, Agellon LB, Ooraikul B, Basu TK.(
PubMed)
(1208) Lack of interference of common phytoecdysteroids with production of nitric oxide by immune-activated mammalian macrophages by Harmatha J
1, Vokác K, Kmonícková E, Zídek Z.(
PubMed)
(1209) [Effects of
Rhaponticum uniforum polysaccharide on immune response of mice after antigen stimulation and their possible mechanisms].[Article in Chinese] by Li FS
1, Yang G, Xian F, Liu H.(
PubMed)
(1210) Photoprotective and antioxidant effects of Rhubarb: inhibitory
action on tyrosinase and tyrosine kinase activities and TNF-α, IL-1α and
α-MSH production in human melanocytes by Silveira JP
1, Seito LN, Eberlin S, Dieamant GC, Nogueira C, Pereda MC, Di Stasi LC.
(PubMed)
(1211) [Estimation of the hypoglycemic effect of phytoecdysteroids].[Article in Russian] by Syrov VN, Iuldasheva NKh, Égamova FR, Ismailova GI, Abdullaev ND, Khushbaktova ZA.(
PubMed)
(1212) [Effect of
Rhaponticum carthamoides extract on hemorheological properties of blood in rats with arterial
hypertension].[Article in Russian] by Plotnikov MB
1, Aliev OI, Vasil'ev AS, Maslov MIu, Dmitruk SE, Krasnov EA.(
PubMed)
(1213) Trans-resveratrol alone and hydroxystilbenes of rhubarb (Rheum
rhaponticum L.) root reduce
liver damage induced by chronic ethanol administration: a comparative study in mice by Raal A
1, Pokk P, Arend A, Aunapuu M, Jõgi J, Okva K, Püssa T.(
PubMed)
(1214) The selective effect of N-feruloylserotonins isolated from
Leuzea carthamoides on nociception and anxiety in rats by Yamamotová A
1, Pometlová M, Harmatha J, Rasková H, Rokyta R.(P
ubMed)
(1215) Naturally appearing N-feruloylserotonin isomers suppress oxidative burst of human neutrophils at the protein kinase C level by Nosáĺ R
1, Perečko T, Jančinová V, Drábiková K, Harmatha J, Sviteková K.(
PubMed)
(1216) Suppression of oxidative burst in human neutrophils with the naturally occurring serotonin derivative isomer from
Leuzea carthamoides by Nosal R
1, Perecko T, Jancinova V, Drabikova K, Harmatha J, Svitekova K.(
PubMed)
Schisandra (Wu Wei Zi)
Schisandra also is known as Wu Wei Zi, a twining shrub living its life by climbing on other vegetation, belongings to the family
Schisandraceae, native to Asia and North America, The warm, sweet, bitter, sour, acrid, salty herb has been used in tradional Chinese medicine as antioxidant(1218)(1219), anti stress(1220)(1221), anti microbial(1224)(1225)(1226) agent and to improve metabolism(1227)(1228), enhance central nervous system(1229)(1230)(1233), treat hypertension(1231)(1232) and hypotension during exhaustion of circulatory function(1217), coughing(1234)(12135), insomnia(1237), premenstrual syndrome (PMS)(1239), menopausal symptoms(1240), depression(1233), irritability(1233), erectile dysfunction (ED)(1238), lower cholesterol(1241) and regulate blood glucose(1233), improve memory(1222)(1223), etc.
by promoting function of lung and kidney channels(1217).
Phytochemicals(1217)
1. Schizandrin
2. Deoxyschisandrin
3. Gamma-schisandrin
4. Schisandrol
5. Pseudo-gamma-schisandrin
6. Schizandrate B
7. Gomisin A, B, C, F, G
8. Angeloylgomisin H
9. Tigloylgomisin H
10. Benzoylgomisin H
11. Epigomisin O
12. Malic acid
13. Citric acid
14. Tartaric acid
15. Succinic acid
16. A-pinene
17. Camphene
18. B-pinene
19. Byrcene
20. A-terpinene
21. Limonene
22. G-terpinene
23. P-cymene
24. Etc.
In chronic psychological stress male rat model, schisandra protect against stress induced complications such as carbohydrate
metabolism(1227) and neurosis, psychogenic depression, astheno-depressive states, schizophrenia and alcoholism disorders(1233) and improved mental performance(1233).through its reduction of the levels of corticosterone (CORT) and glucose and protect the structure of the adrenal cortex(1227).
In physiological stress, the herbal medicine also exerted its stress-protective effect against a broad spectrum of harmful factors
including heat shock, skin burn, cooling, frostbite, immobilisation,
swimming under load in an atmosphere with decreased air pressure,
aseptic inflammation, irradiation, and heavy metal intoxication(1233).
In oxidative stress induced damage heart(1242) tissues in animal models, schisandrin B (Sch B), a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis attenuated cardiotoxicity via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects(1242). In oxidative stress induced liver damage, oral administration of Schisandra Lignans Extract (SLE)(1243)(1244) or triterpenoid(1245) a chemical constituent from Schisandra chinensis significantly reduced liver damage(1243)(1244)(1245) in experimental animal model, through its effects of balance of oxidation and reduction in cells(1243) or upregulating cell cycle progression(1244) and anti tumor antigen(1244), or ameliorating oxidative stress(1245).
(1217) Wu Wei Zi(
Complementary and Alternative Healing University)
(1218)
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of
Schisandra chinensis pollen extract on CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice by Cheng N
1, Ren N, Gao H, Lei X, Zheng J, Cao W.(
PubMed)
(1219) Schizandrin, an
antioxidant lignan from
Schisandra chinensis, ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in mice by Hu D
1, Cao Y, He R, Han N, Liu Z, Miao L, Yin J.(
PubMed)
(1220) Schisantherin A recovers Aβ-induced neurodegeneration with cognitive decline in mice by Li X
1, Zhao X
1, Xu X
1, Mao X
1, Liu Z
1, Li H
1, Guo L
1, Bi K
2, Jia Y
3.(
PubMed)
(1221) Schisandrin B prevents doxorubicin induced cardiac dysfunction by modulation of DNA damage, oxidative
stress and inflammation through inhibition of MAPK/p53 signaling by Thandavarayan RA
1, Giridharan VV
2, Arumugam S
3, Suzuki K
4, Ko KM
5, Krishnamurthy P
6, Watanabe K
3, Konishi T
7.(
PubMed)
(1222) Schizandrin, an
antioxidant lignan from
Schisandra chinensis, ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in mice by Hu D
1, Cao Y, He R, Han N, Liu Z, Miao L, Yin J.(
PubMed)
(1223) Deoxyschizandrin isolated from the fruits of
Schisandra chinensis ameliorates Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced memory impairment in mice by Hu D
1, Li C, Han N, Miao L, Wang D, Liu Z, Wang H, Yin J.(
PubMed)
(1224) A comparison of the
anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of extracts from commonly used medicinal plants by Snowden R
1, Harrington H, Morrill K, Jeane L, Garrity J, Orian M, Lopez E, Rezaie S, Hassberger K, Familoni D, Moore J, Virdee K, Albornoz-Sanchez L, Walker M, Cavins J, Russell T, Guse E, Reker M, Tschudy O, Wolf J, True T, Ukaegbu O, Ahaghotu E, Jones A, Polanco S, Rochon Y, Waters R, Langland J.(
PubMed)
(1225)
Anti-HIV-1 activity of lignans from the fruits of
Schisandra rubriflora by Xiao WL
1, Wang RR, Zhao W, Tian RR, Shang SZ, Yang LM, Yang JH, Pu JX, Zheng YT, Sun HD.(
PubMed)
(1226) Compositions and biological activities of essential oils of Kadsura longepedunculata and
Schisandra sphenanthera by Song L
1, Ding JY, Tang C, Yin CH.(
PubMed)
(1227) [Effects of
schisandra on the function of the pituitary-adrenal cortex, gonadal axis and carbohydrate
metabolism in rats undergoing experimental chronic psychological stress, navigation and strenuous exercise].[Article in Chinese] by Sun LJ
1, Wang GH, Wu B, Wang J, Wang Q, Hu LP, Shao JQ, Wang YT, Li J, Gu P, Lu B.(
PubMed)
(1228) In vivo to in vitro effects of six bioactive lignans of Wuzhi tablet (
Schisandra sphenanthera extract) on the CYP3A/P-glycoprotein-mediated absorption and
metabolism of tacrolimus by Qin XL
1, Chen X, Wang Y, Xue XP, Wang Y, Li JL, Wang XD, Zhong GP, Wang CX, Yang H, Huang M, Bi HC.(
PubMed)
(1229) The effects of lignan-riched extract of Shisandra chinensis on
amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in the cortex
and hippocampus of mouse by Jeong EJ
1, Lee HK, Lee KY, Jeon BJ, Kim DH, Park JH, Song JH, Huh J, Lee JH, Sung SH.(
PubMed)
(1230) Schisandrin B exerts anti-neuroinflammatory activity by inhibiting
the Toll-like receptor 4-dependent MyD88/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway in
lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia by Zeng KW
1, Zhang T, Fu H, Liu GX, Wang XM.(
PubMed)
(1231) Preventive effect of gomisin J from
Schisandra chinensis on angiotensin II-induced
hypertension via an increased nitric oxide bioavailability by Ye BH
1, Lee SJ
1, Choi YW
2, Park SY
1, Kim CD
1.(
PubMed)
(1232) Antihypertensive effect of gomisin A from
Schisandra chinensis on angiotensin II-induced
hypertension via preservation of nitric oxide bioavailability by Young Park J
1, Wook Yun J, Whan Choi Y, Ung Bae J, Won Seo K, Jin Lee S, Youn Park S, Whan Hong K, Kim CD.(
PubMed)
(1233) Pharmacology of
Schisandra chinensis Bail.: an overview of Russian research and uses in medicine by Panossian A
1, Wikman G.(
PubMed)
(1234) Effects of
Schisandra chinensis extracts on
cough and pulmonary inflammation in a
cough hypersensitivity guinea pig model induced by cigarette smoke exposure by Zhong S
1, Nie YC1, Gan ZY1, Liu XD1, Fang ZF1, Zhong BN1, Tian J1, Huang CQ1, Lai KF2, Zhong NS1.(
PubMed)
(1235) Effects of the
Schisandra fructus water extract on cytokine release from a human mast cell line. by Kang OH
1, Chae HS, Choi JH, Choi HJ, Park PS, Cho SH, Lee GH, So HY, Choo YK, Kweon OH, Kwon DY.(
PubMed)
(1236) [Effects of extracts from ziziphi spinosae semen and schisandrae chinensis fructus on amino acid neurotransmitter in rats with
insomnia induced by PCPA].[Article in Chinese] by Gao JR, Ji WB, Jiang H, Chen JF.(
PubMed)
(1237) Gomisin N isolated from
Schisandra chinensis augments pentobarbital-induced
sleep behaviors through the modification of the serotonergic and GABAergic system by Zhang C
1, Mao X
1, Zhao X
1, Liu Z
1, Liu B
1, Li H
1, Bi K
2, Jia Y
3.(
PubMed)
(1238) Panax ginseng, Rhodiola rosea and Schisandra chinensis by Chan SW1.(
PubMed)
(1239) Herbal composition for promoting hormonal balance in women and methods of using same
US 6242012 B1
(1240) The mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by Schisandra chinensis extract in rat thoracic aorta by Park JY1, Shin HK, Lee YJ, Choi YW, Bae SS, Kim CD.(
PubMed)
(1241) Shengmai San reduces hepatic lipids and lipid peroxidation in rats fed on a high-cholesterol diet by Yao HT1, Chang YW, Chen CT, Chiang MT, Chang L, Yeh TK.(
PubMed)
(1242) Schisandrin B prevents doxorubicin induced cardiac dysfunction by modulation of DNA damage, oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibition of MAPK/p53 signaling by Thandavarayan RA1, Giridharan VV2, Arumugam S3, Suzuki K4, Ko KM5, Krishnamurthy P6, Watanabe K3, Konishi T7.(
PubMed)
(1243) Schisandra Lignans Was Related with Its Antioxidative Actions in Liver Cells by Pu HJ1, Cao YF, He RR, Zhao ZL, Song JH, Jiang B, Huang T, Tang SH, Lu JM, Kurihara H.(
PubMed)
(1244) Therapeutic efficacy of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera Extract) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through a mechanism distinct from N-acetylcysteine by Fan X1, Chen P1, Jiang Y1, Wang Y1, Tan H1, Zeng H1, Wang Y1, Qu A1, Gonzalez FJ1, Huang M1, Bi H2.(
PubMed)
(1245) Effects of triterpenoid from Schisandra chinensis on oxidative stress in alcohol-induced liver injury in rats by Li B1, Zhu L, Wu T, Zhang J, Jiao X, Liu X, Wang Y, Meng X.(
PubMed)
the
dry regions of India, northern Africa, and the Middle East - See more
at: http://www.chopra.com/ccl/ashwagandha#sthash.3NRUTGqC.dpuf
the
dry regions of India, northern Africa, and the Middle East - See more
at: http://www.chopra.com/ccl/ashwagandha#sthash.3NRUTGqC.dpuf
the
dry regions of India, northern Africa, and the Middle East - See more
at: http://www.chopra.com/ccl/ashwagandha#sthash.3NRUTGqC.dpuf, used in
Ayurvedic medicine for applied externally to treat tumors, tubercular
glands, carbuncles, and ulcers
