Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Sunday, 3 May 2015

The best weightloss and healthy recipe: Lettuce egg toss

Saturday, 2 May 2015

The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: The Fertility Herb Licorice

By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                    Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovasular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cance(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasing altered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).

The prevention and management In Herbal Medicine

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unpreventable in Western medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce risk of its complications, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc.
        Reduce fat intake less than 30% of total calories with a low proportion of saturated fat and high in fiber from predominantly low-glycaemic-index-carbohydrate foods for patients with PCOs(827a). Calorie intake should be distributed between several meals per day with restricted intake of snacks and drinks(828).

                    The Fertility Herb: Licorice

See the common herbs used for treatment of PCO

[Gan Cao is also known as Licorice root. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti allergy(856), anti inflammation(855), anti ulcer(857), anti convulsion(858), oxidative stress(858) and to treat stomach weakness, tired and lack of strength, palpitation and short of breath, cough with abundance of phlegm, stomach and solar plexus pain(859), etc., as it tonifies the Spleen, benefits the Qi, moistens the Lungs, calms cough, deaf or acute pain, by enhancing all 12 channels(859). Licorice, in a review of 33 studies of herbal medicine for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), showed a stronge evidences in improved metabolic hormone profile and improved fertility outcomes and regulation of ovulation and inhibition of hyperandrogenism in PCOS(860). In model rats experiment, Ganshao Paste (CGP), also decreased serum levels of LH, T, and FSH and increased of serum estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P)(861)(860)(865). According to University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, licorice may have a potential effect on metabolic syndrome(862) in women with PCOs.]

2. Blow flow
Licorice improves the blood flow in the body by exerting its anti thrombosis(983) and inhibiting the levels of bad cholesterol(984)(985) and triglyceride levels(985) and increasing HDL-cholesterol content(984) in reduced risk of cardiovascular disease(985) and blood stagnation(897) in the abdominal region induced induced infertility(986).

3. Glycyrrhizin
Glycyrrhizin, one of main ingredient from licorice, exhibited anti inflammatory effect pharmacologically in treatment of inflammatory diseases(988)(989)(990), lowered high serum testosterone levels in oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic women, and induced conception in some women(991). As antioxidant, the phytochemical also inhibit irregular cell growth(992)(993) and microbial invasion(994)(995) causes of cancers(992)(993) and infection and inflammation(994)(995) respectively. in adrenocortical function and behavour, it also regulated the levels of cortisol(996), induced by over production of serotonin cause of hormone imbalance(997).

4. Phytoestrogen

See phytoestrogen in black cohosh
[Phytoestrogen found it balck cohosh showed to occupy the estrogen receptor sites in women body(908), through it antiestrogenic and extrogenic effects(909), to induce hormone balancing may result in improving the chance of ovulation and fertility(910)(911)].

5. Lecithin
Lecithin is a fat like substance called a phospholipid improved lipid transfer, cholesterol efflux, HDL genesis and and remodeling at the blood-brain barrier (BBB)(998). against cells from oxidation surrounding the brain(999), in reducing psychotic symptoms(1002) such as stress(1000)(1001), and depression(1002) .

Side effects
1. It may raise blood pressure(1003)(1004(1006)
2. Long term usage of large dosage can also cause edema(1004)(1006) and hypokalemia(1004)(1005)(1006).
3. Overdose can be toxic(106), in inducing rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria(1006).
4. Etc.

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O¹.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF¹, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R¹, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N¹, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB¹, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA¹, Arduc A², Tuna MM¹, Karakılıc E¹, Dagdelen I¹, Tutuncu Y¹, Berker D¹, Guler S¹.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO¹.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO¹, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J¹, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK¹, Katalenich B², Nagireddy P³, Chabbra P⁴, Kuhadiya N⁵, Fonseca V¹.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG¹, Pupovci HL¹, Berisha VL¹, Goçi AU², Gerqari A³.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N¹, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H¹, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD¹, Butz DE², Dashti H³, Tonelli M³, Johnson LK¹, Cook ME², Porter WP⁴, Eghbalnia HR⁵, Markley JL⁶, Lindheim SR⁷, Schoeller DA⁸, Abbott DH⁹, Assadi-Porter FM¹⁰.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA¹, Azizia MM¹, Hardiman PJ².(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M¹, Kjaer SK², Jensen A¹, Munk C¹, Mellemkjaer L³.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E¹.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E¹, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(827a) Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): pointers for nutritional management by Farshchi H, Rane A, Love A, Kennedy RL(PubMed)
(828) The optimal diet for women with polycystic ovary syndrome? by Marsh K, Brand-Miller J.(PubMed)
(983) Antithrombotic effect of Glycyrrhizin, a plant-derived thrombin inhibitor by Mendes-Silva W¹, Assafim M, Ruta B, Monteiro RQ, Guimarães JA, Zingali RB.(PubMed)
(984) Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn) in rats by Visavadiya NP¹, Narasimhacharya AV.(PubMed)
(985) Antiatherosclerotic effects of licorice extract supplementation on hypercholesterolemic patients: increased resistance of LDL to atherogenic modifications, reduced plasma lipid levels, and decreased systolic blood pressure by Fuhrman B¹, Volkova N, Kaplan M, Presser D, Attias J, Hayek T, Aviram M.(PubMed)
(986) [Exploration into rules of combined Chinese and Western medical treatment on immune infertility].[Article in Chinese] by Yao DN¹, Chen WY, Xiao Y.(PubMed)
(987) [Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome by Chinese medicine and pharmacy: an analysis of data mining on experiences of experts].[Article in Chinese] by Zhang BH¹, Gao R, Li ZH, Li BS, Wang FY, Tang XD.(PubMed)
(988) [Pharmacological study of the anti-inflammatory agent glyderinine].[Article in Russian] by Azimov MM, Zakirov UB, Radzhapova ShD.(PubMed)
(989) Glycyrrhizin protects mice against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation by downregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling by Ye S¹, Zhu Y¹, Ming Y¹, She X¹, Liu H¹, Ye Q¹.(PubMed)
(990) Protective effect of glycyrrhizin, a direct HMGB1 inhibitor, on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats by Gong G¹, Xiang L², Yuan L³, Hu L¹, Wu W¹, Cai L¹, Yin L¹, Dong H³.(PubMed)
(991) [Effect of shakuyaku-kanzo-to, shakuyaku, kanzo, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin on ovarian function in rats].[Article in Japanese] by Takeuchi T¹.(PubMed)
(992) Glycyrrhizin induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and LNCaP by Thirugnanam S¹, Xu L, Ramaswamy K, Gnanasekar M.(PubMed)
(993) Glycyrrhetic acid (a metabolic substance and aglycon of glycyrrhizin) induces apoptosis in human hepatoma, promyelotic leukemia and stomach cancer cells by Hibasami H¹, Iwase H, Yoshioka K, Takahashi H.(PubMed)
(994) Glycyrrhizin, an active component of licorice roots, reduces morbidity and mortality of mice infected with lethal doses of influenza virus by Utsunomiya T¹, Kobayashi M, Pollard RB, Suzuki F.(PubMed)
(995) Glycyrrhizin stimulates growth of Eubacterium sp. strain GLH, a human intestinal anaerobe by Akao T¹, Akao T, Kobashi K.(PubMed)
(996) [Involvement of striatal serotonin in fluoxetine effects on adrenocortical function and behaviour].[Article in Russian] by Shishkina GT, Bulygina VV, Iudina AM, Tolstikova TG, Dygalo NN.(PubMed)
(997) Relationships between androgens, serotonin gene expression and innervation in male macaques by Bethea CL¹, Coleman K², Phu K³, Reddy AP³, Phu A³.(PubMed)
(998) Phospholipid transfer protein is expressed in cerebrovascular endothelial cells and involved in high density lipoprotein biogenesis and remodeling at the blood-brain barrier by Chirackal Manavalan AP¹, Kober A, Metso J, Lang I, Becker T, Hasslitzer K, Zandl M, Fanaee-Danesh E, Pippal JB, Sachdev V, Kratky D, Stefulj J, Jauhiainen M, Panzenboeck U.(PubMed)
(999) Alterations in phospholipidomic profile in the brain of mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress by Faria R¹, Santana MM², Aveleira CA³, Simões C¹, Maciel E¹, Melo T¹, Santinha D¹, Oliveira MM⁴, Peixoto F⁵, Domingues P¹, Cavadas C², Domingues MR⁶.(PubMed)
(1000) Effects of soy lecithin phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine complex (PAS) on the endocrine and psychological responses to mental stress by Hellhammer J¹, Fries E, Buss C, Engert V, Tuch A, Rutenberg D, Hellhammer D.(PubMed)
(1001) Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency protects against cholesterol-induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice by Hager L¹, Li L, Pun H, Liu L, Hossain MA, Maguire GF, Naples M, Baker C, Magomedova L, Tam J, Adeli K, Cummins CL, Connelly PW, Ng DS.(PubMed)
(1002) Altered phospholipid metabolism in schizophrenia: a phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study by Weber-Fahr W¹, Englisch S, Esser A, Tunc-Skarka N, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ende G, Zink M.(PubMed)
(1003) Licorice-induced hypertension and syndromes of apparent mineralocorticoid excess by Walker BR¹, Edwards CR.(PubMed)
(1004) Gan Cao(Chinese(Complementary and Alternative Healing University)
(1005) Licorice-induced hypokalemia by Mumoli N, Cei M.(PubMed)
(1006) Glycyrrhizic acid toxicity caused by consumption of licorice candy cigars by Johns C¹.(PubMed)

The best and healthy recipe: Cottage Green

Friday, 1 May 2015

The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: The Fertility Herb Red Clover

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                    Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovasular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cance(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasing altered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).

The prevention and management In Herbal Medicine

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unpreventable in Western medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce risk of its complications, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc.
        Reduce fat intake less than 30% of total calories with a low proportion of saturated fat and high in fiber from predominantly low-glycaemic-index-carbohydrate foods for patients with PCOs(827a). Calorie intake should be distributed between several meals per day with restricted intake of snacks and drinks(828).

                    The Fertility Herb: Red Clover

Red clover is an herbaceous, perennial plant, native to Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa, used traditional in treating whooping cough(945), respiratory problems, and skin inflammations(945). menopause symptoms(945)(946)(947) and inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease(944) by purifying the blood and clearing mucus from the lungs(948).

1. Isoflavones
Red clover contains isoflavonoid, one type of phytoestrogen used in regulating the levels of estrogen in the body by occupying the estrogen receptor site(949)(950)(951), through its estrogenic(951) and anti estrogenic(952) effects in hormonal balancing for a better chance for fertility(953).

2. Neuroprotective effects
Formononetin (FMNT), an isoflavone found in red clover may be next potential candidate used for neurodegenerative disorders(958)(959) in central nervous system as it significantly attenuated the cell loss induced by induced by N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) in primary-cultured cortical neurons, according to the study by Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an(954). On central nervous system, the herb also was found effective in improve anxiety(955)(856), profuse sweating, insomnia, memory loss, decreased sexual drives(956), depression(957), etc.

3. Metabolic syndrome(967)
Women with PCOs are associated to increased risk metabolic syndrome such as metabolic syndrome risk factors high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Intake of red clover has shown effectively in reduced total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol(960)(961), lowered cardiovascular risk(962)(963), improved obesity(964) and insulin resistance(965)(966).

4. The weight loss vitamin C
Vitami C found abundantly in red clover has shown strong evidneces epidemiologically in reducing weight loss for obese population, espexially for obese women with PCOs.

See The weight loss vitamin C for more details
[Vitamin C and other nutrients deficiency not only is associated to the risk of Obesity(807) but also enhances the risk of lipids, inflammation and insulin resistance(808).
According to the research team at Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, there is an associated link between Obesity and Zinc and vitamins A and C concentration in in women from rural Mexico, in a fasting blood sample analysis (809).
Although genetic susceptibility to obesity is associated with gene polymorphisms affecting biochemical pathways which also impacted by specific foods and nutrients. According to Dr. Johnston CS., vitamin C depletion is associated to positively related to body mass, individuals with adequate vitamin C status oxidize 30% more fat during a moderate exercise bout than individuals with low vitamin C status(810)

Vitamin C, the protective effect against obesity
Endothelial dysfunction has found to be associated to the incidence of obesity(811). The study of 76 healthy subjects (50 men and 26 women aged 21-45 years) obese subject, showed a positive effect of vitamin C and indomethacin in reduced oxidative stress contributed to endothelial dysfunction in human obesity(812).
In the evaluation of the potential inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase by Citrus spp. fruits of Spanish origin, grapefruit, contained higher contents of phytochemicals such as vitamin C, is found to have a great value for nutrition and treatment of diet-related diseases(813).
L-Ascorbic acid in the study, whether  would facilitate the anti-obesity effects of chitosan and psyllium husk in vivo, showed addition of vitamin C in diet influenced the reduction in body weight gain and food efficiency ratio, and the increase in total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet(814)]

5. Immunity
Epidemiological studies suggested that red clover processes tenacious anti oxidant(968)(969) and anti inflmmatory(970)(971) effects in fighting against bacterial and viral infection(972)(973) and inflammation(974), free radical(975)(976) causes of irregular cell growth(970)(977) and protecting DNA integrity(979).

Side effects
1. There are no side effects from red clover, but people takes the herb for the first time may experience headache, nausea, and rash(980).
2. Do not use red clover during pregnancy as the herb may increase the risk for vaginal prolapse before the term(981)
3. Risk of bleeding due to its anticoagulant effects(982).

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O¹.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF¹, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R¹, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N¹, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB¹, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA¹, Arduc A², Tuna MM¹, Karakılıc E¹, Dagdelen I¹, Tutuncu Y¹, Berker D¹, Guler S¹.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO¹.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO¹, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J¹, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK¹, Katalenich B², Nagireddy P³, Chabbra P⁴, Kuhadiya N⁵, Fonseca V¹.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG¹, Pupovci HL¹, Berisha VL¹, Goçi AU², Gerqari A³.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N¹, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H¹, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD¹, Butz DE², Dashti H³, Tonelli M³, Johnson LK¹, Cook ME², Porter WP⁴, Eghbalnia HR⁵, Markley JL⁶, Lindheim SR⁷, Schoeller DA⁸, Abbott DH⁹, Assadi-Porter FM¹⁰.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA¹, Azizia MM¹, Hardiman PJ².(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M¹, Kjaer SK², Jensen A¹, Munk C¹, Mellemkjaer L³.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E¹.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E¹, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(827a) Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): pointers for nutritional management by Farshchi H, Rane A, Love A, Kennedy RL(PubMed)
(828) The optimal diet for women with polycystic ovary syndrome? by Marsh K, Brand-Miller J.(PubMed)
(944) Red clover extract: a source for substances that activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and ameliorate the cytokine secretion profile of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by Mueller M¹, Hobiger S, Jungbauer A.(PubMed)
(945) The University of Maryland medical center
(946) Effectiveness of red clover in alleviating menopausal symptoms: a 12-week randomized, controlled trial by Shakeri F¹, Taavoni S, Goushegir A, Haghani H.(PubMed)
(947) Black cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms by Leach MJ¹, Moore V.(PubMed)
(948) Trifolium pratensen, Phytochemicals by Martina Trossello
(949) [Estrogen-effective isoflavones in Trifolium pratense (red clover). Distribution in superterranean parts of plants and occurrence as "bound" isoflavones].[Article in German]by Schultz G.(PubMed)
(950) Effect of soy isoflavones on endometriosis: interaction with estrogen receptor 2 gene polymorphism. by Tsuchiya M¹, Miura T, Hanaoka T, Iwasaki M, Sasaki H, Tanaka T, Nakao H, Katoh T, Ikenoue T, Kabuto M, Tsugane S.(PubMed)
(951) Isoflavones: estrogenic activity, biological effect and bioavailability by Vitale DC¹, Piazza C, Melilli B, Drago F, Salomone S.(PubMed)
(952) Phytochemistry and biological properties of glabridin by Simmler C¹, Pauli GF, Chen SN.(PubMed)
(953) Recovery of normal fertility after grazing on oestrogenic red clover by Morley FH, Axelsen A, Bennett D.(PubMed)
(954) Neuroprotective effects of formononetin against NMDA-induced apoptosis in cortical neurons by Tian Z¹, Liu SB, Wang YC, Li XQ, Zheng LH, Zhao MG.(PubMed)
(955) Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts by Lipovac M¹, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Stammler M, Imhof M.(PubMed)
(956) A review of non-hormonal options for the relief of menopausal symptoms by Albertazzi P¹.(PubMed)
(957) [Feminorm good night to treat the menopause].[Article in Bulgarian] by Malinova M.(PubMed)
(958) The isoflavones mixture from Trifolium pratense L. protects HCN 1-A neurons from oxidative stress by Occhiuto F¹, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, Zangla G, Pino A, De Pasquale R, Circosta C.(PubMed)
(959) The phytoestrogenic isoflavones from Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) protects human cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity by Occhiuto F¹, Zangla G, Samperi S, Palumbo DR, Pino A, De Pasquale R, Circosta C.(PubMed)
(960) Influence of red clover-derived isoflavones on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal women by Terzic MM¹, Dotlic J, Maricic S, Mihailovic T, Tosic-Race B.(PubMed)
(961) Effect of Trifolium pratense-derived isoflavones on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women with increased body mass index by Chedraui P¹, San Miguel G, Hidalgo L, Morocho N, Ross S.(PubMed)
(962) Isoflavones from red clover improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women by Nestel PJ¹, Pomeroy S, Kay S, Komesaroff P, Behrsing J, Cameron JD, West L.(PubMed)
(963) Isoflavones reduce arterial stiffness: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women by Teede HJ¹, McGrath BP, DeSilva L, Cehun M, Fassoulakis A, Nestel PJ.(PubMed)
(964) Dried Pomegranate Potentiates Anti-Osteoporotic and Anti-Obesity Activities of Red Clover Dry Extracts in Ovariectomized Rats by Kang SJ^1,², Choi BR³, Kim SH⁴, Yi HY⁵, Park HR⁶, Kim DC⁷, Choi SH⁸, Han CH⁹, Park SJ^10,⁸, Song CH^10,⁸, Ku SK^11,¹², Lee YJ^13,¹⁴.(PubMed)
(965) Effect of oral phytoestrogen on androgenicity and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women by Lee CC¹, Bloem CJ, Kasa-Vubu JZ, Liang LJ.(PubMed)
(966) Effects of supplementation with purified red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on plasma lipids and insulin resistance in healthy premenopausal women by Blakesmith SJ¹, Lyons-Wall PM, George C, Joannou GE, Petocz P, Samman S.(PubMed)
(967) Phytoestrogens and the metabolic syndrome by Jungbauer A¹, Medjakovic S.(PubMed)
(968) Effect of red clover-derived isoflavone supplementation on insulin-like growth factor, lipid and antioxidant status in healthy female volunteers: a pilot study by Campbell MJ¹, Woodside JV, Honour JW, Morton MS, Leathem AJ.(PubMed)
(969) Research on antioxidant effects and estrogenic effect of formononetin from Trifolium pratense (red clover) by Mu H¹, Bai YH, Wang ST, Zhu ZM, Zhang YW.(PubMed)
(970) Trifolium species-derived substances and extracts--biological activity and prospects for medicinal applicationsby Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J¹.(PubMed)
(971) Biochanin-A, an isoflavon, showed anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of iNOS expression, p38-MAPK and ATF-2 phosphorylation and blocking NFκB nuclear translocation by Kole L¹, Giri B, Manna SK, Pal B, Ghosh S.(PubMed)
(972) Trifolium pratense L. as a potential natural antioxidant by Vlaisavljevic S¹, Kaurinovic B², Popovic M³, Djurendic-Brenesel M⁴, Vasiljevic B⁵, Cvetkovic D⁶, Vasiljevic S⁷.(PubMed)
(973) Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of Trifolium alexandrinum Linn. against pathogenic bacteria causing tropical diseases by Khan AV¹, Ahmed QU, Shukla I, Khan AA.(PubMed)
(974) Anti-HIV, anti-poxvirus, and anti-SARS activity of a nontoxic, acidic plant extract from the Trifollium species Secomet-V/anti-vac suggests that it contains a novel broad-spectrum antiviral by Kotwal GJ¹, Kaczmarek JN, Leivers S, Ghebremariam YT, Kulkarni AP, Bauer G, De Beer C, Preiser W, Mohamed AR.(PubMed)
(975) Free radical scavenging actions of three Trifolium species in the protection of blood plasma antioxidant capacity in vitro by Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J¹, Nowak P, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, Kowalska I, Stochmal A.(PubMed)
(976) Biological activity of clovers - free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant action of six Trifolium species by Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J¹, Nowak P, Kowalska I, Stochmal A.(PubMed)
(977) Ester and carbamate ester derivatives of Biochanin A: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of estrogenic and antiproliferative activities by Fokialakis N¹, Alexi X, Aligiannis N, Siriani D, Meligova AK, Pratsinis H, Mitakou S, Alexis MN.(PubMed)
(978) Formononetin induces apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells through enhancing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratios and regulating the p38/Akt pathway by Zhang X¹, Bi L, Ye Y, Chen J.(PubMed)
(979) The red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavone biochanin A modulates the biotransformation pathways of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by Chan HY¹, Wang H, Leung LK.(PubMed)
(980) Red clover(WebMD)
(981) Fertility and growth of nulliparous ewes after feeding red clover silage with high phyto-oestrogen concentrations by Mustonen E¹, Taponen S¹, Andersson M¹, Sukura A², Katila T¹, Taponen J¹.(PubMed)
(982) [Oral anticoagulants and medicinal plants. An emerging interaction].[Article in Italian] by Argento A¹, Tiraferri E, Marzaloni M.(PubMed)

The Popular Chinese recipe: Mix vegetable herb broth with soft tofu

Thursday, 30 April 2015

Endometrial Cancer caused by Genes Mutation

Posted By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The incidence of endometrial cancer among white women are higher in comparison to black. According to the statistic, the risk of endometrial cancer among women is 1 in 7000. Every year, about 40,000 women in US are diagnosed with the disease. Women who carry certain mutation genes, such as BRCA1 or the BRCA2 are associated to increased risk of endometrial cancer.

Endometrium is the inner lining of the mammalian uterus and very susceptible hormone change, particular to menstrual cycle. Endometrial cancer is a late adulthood cancer defined as a condition of which the cells of the endometrial lining of uterus have growth uncontrollable or become cancerous as a result of the alternation of cells DNA. It's the fourth most common cancer among women overall, after breast cancer, lung cancer, and bowel cancer.

The genes mutation
1. BRCA1 or the BRCA2 gene
Women who carry the genes BRCA1 or the BRCA2, according to Familial Breast Cancer Research study are associated to risk of endometrial cancer, specialty for the gene BRCA, but the excessive risk is largely attributable to a history of Tamoxifen use.(1) and in aged group between 45 to 70(2).

2. Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes
Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes affects the DNA repair prowess, elevating endometrial cancer risk, due to the loss of proofreading activity of Polε (3). The University of Oxford study, indicated that mutation of germline exonuclease domain ((EDMs) of POLE and POLD1 are associated to predispose to endometrial cancer (EC) risk(4), Other study showed that defection in either DNA proofreading or MMR may relate to genomic instability and tumourigenesis(5).

3. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)
Mation of Mutations of this gene are associated to the development of many types of cancer, specially in altered gene in estrogen-dependent endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tumors(6)

4. K-ras mutations
K-ras gene, protein product plays an essential function in normal tissue signaling. Mutation of KRAS gene is associated to the development of many cancers. According to the study by Haukel and University Hospital, KRAS mutations over amplification and expression were presented in 14.7% of primary lesions with no increase in metastatic lesions but in 18% of metastatic lesions, and high KRAS mRNA levels are associated with aggressive phenotype due to activation of ERK1/2 , (in regulating the malignant potential of cancer cells)(7). According to the study by Kanazawa University, 23% of patients with endometrial cancer carry a mutation in exon 1 of KRAS(7) and 70% of Mutation in codon 12 of the K-ras gene in Serbian patients(8)

5. β-catenin mutation
β-catenin plays an important role in dual function protein by regulating the coordination of cell–cell adhesion and gene transcription, Mutation and over expression are associated to increased risk of endometrial cancer(9). The Sapporo Medical University study insisted that alternation of the beta-catenin gene occurs in atypical hyperplasia or cancer, rather than in simple or complex hyperplasia without atypia(structural abnormality in a cell), during endometrial carcinogenesis(10).
In an immunohistochemically analyzed 80 endometrial samples (30 of normal endometrium, 20 of endometrial hyperplasia, and 30 of endometrial cancer), beta-catenin was observed in 30% of endometrial cancer samples(11).

6. Lynch syndrome
Lynch syndrome is an inherited condition with increased risk of colon and other cancers, caused by a germ line mutation in a mismatch repair gene(12). The risk of Lynch syndrome among endometrial cancer patients is 4.6%(13). In a molecular screening for LS in patients with endometrial cancer ≤ 70 years of age, the risk of LS is 6% of cases(14), Inactivation of the mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MSH6 are associated to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC; Lynch syndrome)(15).

Taking altogether, genetic mutation of certain genes is associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. Fortunately, certain foods and herbs have found to be effective in suppressing the expression and blocking the preoperative mechanism and pathways. Please note that all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult your Doctor & Related field specialist before applying.

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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References
(1) The incidence of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: an international prospective cohort study by Segev Y, Iqbal J, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Lynch HT, Moller P, Ghadirian P, Rosen B, Tung N, Kim-Sing C, Foulkes WD, Neuhausen SL, Senter L, Singer CF, Karlan B, Ping S, Narod SA; Hereditary Breast Cancer Study Group.(PubMed)
(2) The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study by Beiner ME, Finch A, Rosen B, Lubinski J, Moller P, Ghadirian P, Lynch HT, Friedman E, Sun P, Narod SA; Hereditary Ovarian Cancer Clinical Study Group(PubMed)
(3) A common cancer-associated DNA polymerase {varepsilon} mutation causes an exceptionally strong mutator phenotype, indicating fidelity defects distinct from loss of proofreading by Kane DP, Shcherbakova PV(PubMed)
(4) [Identification and management of HNPCC syndrome (hereditary non polyposis colon cancer), hereditary predisposition to colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas].

[Article in French by Olschwang S, Bonaïti C, Feingold J, Frébourg T, Grandjouan S, Lasset C, Laurent-Puig P, Lecuru F, Millat B, Sobol H, Thomas G, Eisinger F.(PubMed)

(5) DNA polymerase ε and δ exonuclease domain mutations in endometrial cancer by Church DN, Briggs SE, Palles C, Domingo E, Kearsey SJ, Grimes JM, Gorman M, Martin L, Howarth KM, Hodgson SV; NSECG Collaborators, Kaur K, Taylor J, Tomlinson IP(PubMed)

(6) Genetics of Endometrial Cancers by Tsuyoshi Okuda,^1,^* Akihiko Sekizawa,¹ Yuditiya Purwosunu,^{1, 2} Masaaki Nagatsuka,¹ Miki Morioka,¹ Masaki Hayashi,¹ and Takashi Okai(PubMed)
(7) KRAS gene amplification and overexpression but not mutation associates with aggressive and metastatic endometrial cancer by Birkeland E, Wik E, Mjøs S, Hoivik EA, Trovik J, Werner HM, Kusonmano K, Petersen K, Raeder MB, Holst F, Øyan AM, Kalland KH, Akslen LA, Simon R, Krakstad C, Salvesen HB.(PubMed)
(8) Genetic alterations in SMAD4 and K-ras in Serbian patients with endometrial carcinoma by Nikolic A, Ristanovic M, Perovic V, Trifunovic J, Perovic M, Radojkovic D.(PubMed)
(9) Frequent β-catenin gene mutations in atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus by Takahashi H, Yoshida T, Matsumoto T, Kameda Y, Takano Y, Tazo Y, Inoue H, Saegusa M(PubMed)
(10) Mutation of beta-catenin gene in endometrial cancer but not in associated hyperplasia by Ashihara K, Saito T, Mizumoto H, Nishimura M, Tanaka R, Kudo R.(PubMed)
(11) Nuclear localization of beta-catenin in normal and carcinogenic endometrium by Nei H, Saito T, Yamasaki H, Mizumoto H, Ito E, Kudo R.(PubMed)
(12) Risks of colorectal and other cancers after endometrial cancer for women with Lynch syndrome by Win AK, Lindor NM, Winship I, Tucker KM, Buchanan DD, Young JP, Rosty C, Leggett B, Giles GG, Goldblatt J, Macrae FA, Parry S, Kalady MF, Baron JA, Ahnen DJ, Marchand LL, Gallinger S, Haile RW, Newcomb PA, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA(PubMed)
(13) Prevalence of Lynch syndrome among patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancers by Egoavil C, Alenda C, Castillejo A, Paya A, Peiro G, Sánchez-Heras AB, Castillejo MI, Rojas E, Barberá VM, Cigüenza S, Lopez JA, Piñero O, Román MJ, Martínez-Escoriza JC, Guarinos C, Perez-Carbonell L, Aranda FI, Soto JL.(PubMed)
(14) Prospective evaluation of molecular screening for Lynch syndrome in patients with endometrial cancer ≤ 70 years by Leenen CH, van Lier MG, van Doorn HC, van Leerdam ME, Kooi SG, de Waard J, Hoedemaeker RF, van den Ouweland AM, Hulspas SM, Dubbink HJ, Kuipers EJ, Wagner A, Dinjens WN, Steyerberg EW.(PubMed)
(15) Structural, molecular and cellular functions of MSH2 and MSH6 during DNA mismatch repair, damage signaling and other noncanonical activities Michael A. Edelbrock^a^,, Saravanan Kaliyaperumal^b^,, Kandace J. Williams(Science direct)