Phytochemicals, the natural chemical
constituent, protect the plants against diseases and form their
outer's color. Phytochemicals may be next potential sources of new
medicine for treatment of
diseases with little or no side effects.
Allicin is phytochemical
containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in onion and garlic.
1. Phytochemical Allicin and anti bacterial activity
The immune system is the
set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents
that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The
immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing
infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a
important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and
bacteria attacks.
The Benefits
Garlic has been used as foods and medicine throughout human history. Allicin, major constituent of garlic in the test for the antimicrobial activity
on oral pathogens associated with dental caries and periodontitis,
showed an effectiveness against all types of bacteria, including
Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, and Actinomyces oris. Other in the
study of Streptolysin O (SLO), a potent cytolytic toxin produced by
almost all strains of group A streptococci, found that allicin likely inhibits the SLO by binding to the cysteine residue in the binding site and suggested that allicin and allicin may be a potential alternative drug against streptococcal diseases.
References
(1) Garlic allicin as a potential agent for controlling oral pathogens by Bachrach G, Jamil A, Naor R, Tal G, Ludmer Z, Steinberg D.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of streptolysin O by allicin - an active component of garlic by Arzanlou M, Bohlooli S.(PubMed)
2. Phytochemical Allicin and anti cognitive activity
Cognition is
the process of the brain including the attention of working memory,
producing and comprehending language, learning, reasoning, problem
solving, and decision making.
The benefits
Cognitive abilities tend to decline in aging. The study of allicin on endogenous antioxidant defenses in hippocampus of cognitively impaired aged mouse, showed a positive effects as allicin significantly ameliorated ageing-induced cognitive
dysfunction through enhancing of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling
pathways. Allcin also exerted its antioxidant effect in reducing the
risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer and aging, including the
oxidant-mediated brain cell damage that is implicated in Alzheimer's
disease.
References
(1) Cognition (Wikipedia)
(2) Allicin ameliorates cognitive
deficits ageing-induced learning and memory deficits through enhancing
of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways by Li XH, Li CY, Lu JM, Tian RB,
Wei J.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract by Borek C.(PubMed)
3. Phytochemical Allicin and cardiovascular diseases
There are many causes of heart diseases. Most of heart diseases are
caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries.
High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a
result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans
fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and
eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner
lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and
nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.
The health benefits
It
is known that allicin, found in garlic and onion is easily absorbed
after intake to exert it effects in circulation system without damaging
the to the phospholipid bilayer made of two layers of lipid molecules to provide cardio-protective effects including cardiac
hypertrophy, angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, hyperlipidemia and
hyperglycemia. Other in the study of allicin effect on vascular
endothelium dysfunction in healthy male Wistar rats, fed high fat diet
in comparison with fenofibrate, fenofibrate alone or the combined
therapy with allicin increased the levels of high density lipoprotein,
the levels of NO, but
the combined therapy had greatest high endothelium-dependent vascular
relaxation responses of blood vessel.
References
(1) The effect of combination therapy of
allicin
and fenofibrate on high fat diet-induced vascular endothelium
dysfunction and liver damage in rats by Li W, Wang D, Song G, Zuo C,
Qiao X, Qin S.(
PubMed)
(2) Endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors by
R F Furchgott and
P M Vanhoutte
(
The Fasteb JournaL)
(3) The effect of combination therapy of
allicin
and fenofibrate on high fat diet-induced vascular endothelium
dysfunction and liver damage in rats BY Li W, Wang D, Song G, Zuo C,
Qiao X, Qin S.(
PubMed)
(4) A review of the
cardiovascular benefits and antioxidant properties of
allicin by Chan JY, Yuen AC, Chan RY, Chan SW.(
PubMed)
4. Phytochemical Allicin a nd oxiditive stress
A
free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired
electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell,
which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein,
unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to
aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a
chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of
the cell walls.
The health benefits
Beside
with protective effect against development of certain diseases, allicin
found in garlic and onion may also be a antioxidant scarvenger of oxygen free radicals (OFRs). In the study of allicin effect in hydroxyl radicals (.OH), researcher found that allicin prevented
the lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde in liver homogenate in a
concentration-dependent manner. Other in the study of the hydroxyl
scavengers of allyl cysteine, alliin,
allicin, and allyl disulfide, showed that
allicin
did not exhibit hydroxyl radical scavenging but exhibited antioxidant
activities as protective compounds against free radical damage.
References
(1) Antioxidant activity of
allicin, an active principle in garlic by Prasad K, Laxdal VA, Yu M, Raney BL.(
PubMed)
(2) The antioxidant properties of garlic compounds: allyl cysteine, alliin,
allicin, and allyl disulfide by Chung LY.(
PubMed)
5. Phytochemical allicin and hypertension
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls
of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means
raising pressure in your heart.If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.
Blood
pressure medications have undoubtedly prevented many deaths from heart
disease in the past 30 years, but they have many side effects such as
damaging the kidney. If you can control your diet, such as making
changes to lifestyle, maintaining ideal weight and diet with low salt,
you could do just fine without the drugs.
The health benefits
Allicin, found in garlic and onion may consist an antihypertensive effects by lowering the systolic and diastolic
blood pressure. In the study of a popular garlic preparation containing 1.3%
allicin at a large dose (2400 mg) in nine patients with rather severe
hypertension, after 5 hours taking the preparation, sitting
blood pressure fell 7/16, with a significant decrease in diastolic
blood pressure from 5-14 hours after the dose. Other in the study of the
hypotensive action of time-released garlic powder tablets (Allicor) and
compared with that of regular garlic pills (Kwai) in 84 men with
mild or moderate arterial
hypertension,
the result indicated that both Kwai and garlic powder tablets decrease
in systolic blood pressure but no decrease in diastolic blood pressure
was observed with Kwai. These different effects may be as a result of
the prolonged action of Allicor.
References
(1) Can garlic lower blood pressure? A pilot study by McMahon FG, Vargas R.(
PubMed)
(2) Time-released garlic powder tablets lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men with mild and moderate arterial
hypertension by Sobenin IA, Andrianova IV, Fomchenkov IV, Gorchakova TV, Orekhov AN.(
PubMed)
6. Phytochemical Allicin and hyper cholesterol
Cholesterol
is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin
D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of
it can be dangerous because cholesterol
cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein
moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place. If you have too
much low density lipoprotein LDL that is known as bad cholesterol,
overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing
blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke.
The health benefits
Evidences emerging that allicin may not only benefit in preventing and
treating cardiovascular disease but also lower the blood cholesterol. In
the study of the effect of allicin on hypercholesterolemia in male ICR
mice, the chemical constituent of garlic showed a positive effect not
in reducing blood
cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels , as well as lowering the hepatic
cholesterol
storage, but also decreasing appetite daily. Other in the study of the
same but woth rat fed with high cholesterol diet, showed a reduction of
blood
cholesterol, triglycerides levels
and systolic blood pressure in hypercholesterolemic rats. These result
showed that allicin may be considered as a potent agent in treating
hypercholesterol in the future.
References
(1)
Cholesterol-lowering effect of
allicin on hypercholesterolemic ICR mice, Lu Y, He Z, Shen X, Xu X, Fan J, Wu S, Zhang D.(
PubMed)
(2) Effect of
allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high
cholesterol diet by Ali M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Enezi F, Khanafer RM, Mustafa T.(
PubMed)
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7. Allicin and anti fungal effects
The immune system is the
set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents
that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The
immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing
infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a
important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and
bacteria attacks.
The health effects
Beside controlling the domino's effect of free radicals during the stage
of oxidation, allicin, the chemical constituent of garlic also
expressed its anti fungal activity by enhancing the cell immunity
with its breakdown products with out damaging to the cells. In
candidiasis study, allicin exerted its anti fungal property against C.
albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis,in doses depending manner,
including drug resistance Candida species.
References
(1) An overview of the
antifungal properties of
allicin and its breakdown products--the possibility of a safe and effective
antifungal prophylactic by Davis SR.(
PubMed)
(2) In vitro investigation of
antifungal activity of
allicin alone and in combination with azoles against Candida species by Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Aala F, Sekawi Z, Chong PP.(
PubMed)
8. Phytochemical allicin and anti microbial activity
The immune system is the
set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents
that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The
immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing
infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a
important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and
bacteria attacks.
The health benefits
Allicin, the chemical compound of garlic is found to show a positive
effect against infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative and
Gram-positive bacteria. In parasite study, allicin inetracted with thiol
groups of various enzymes against some major human intestinal protozoan
parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia; and iv).
In recent publication, garlic extract is found to contain a
broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many genera of bacteria
and fungi. There result indicated that garlic may play an important role
in the ecological control of pathogenic microorganisms in nature.
References
(1)
Antimicrobial properties of
allicin from garlic by Ankri S, Mirelman D.(
PubMed)
(2) Allium sativum (garlic)--a natural antibiotic by Adetumbi MA, Lau BH (
PubMed)
9. Phytochemical allicin and malaria
Malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoans
The health effects
Malaria has infected millions of people a year in the third world. The
urgency in finding a natural existence agent in treating the diseases
with less economical cost is become necessary. Allicin, found in garlic,
may be one of them, as it enhanced the immune reponses of the host to
reduce parasitaemia and prolong the survival of the host in a
dose-dependent manner. In vivo, mice injected with
allicin had found to decrease the levels of Plasmodium infections compared to controls, prevent sporozoites cause of malaria when
allicin was
injection into mice before induction. orally or intravenously of
allicin also significantly decreased parasitemias and increased the
survival of infected mice by 10 days.
References
(1)
Allicin enhances host
pro-inflammatory immune responses and protects against acute murine
malaria infection by Feng Y, Zhu X, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Shang H, Cui L, Cao
Y.(
PubMed)
(2) Antimalarial activity of
allicin, a biologically active compound from garlic cloves by Coppi A, Cabinian M, Mirelman D, Sinnis P.(
PubMed)
10. Phytochemical allicin and Colon cancer
Colon Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon.
The health effects
Allicin, a biologically active component in freshly crushed garlic extract, in the study of its effects against colon
cancer
cell lines HCT-116, LS174T, HT-29, and Caco-2, showed that allicin
exert it anti proliferative property to cause death of HCT-116 cell.
Other in the study of the effect of
allicin on human
colon cancer cell line LoVo and the combined effect of
allicin and CPT-11 on this
cancer
cell line, showed that allicin may be a potent agent in treating colon
cancer as it not only exerted the anti-proliferation effect on human
colon cancer cell line LoVo by induction of apoptosis and arrestment of cell cycle but also enhanced the cytotoxicity of CPT-11 on the
colon cancer LoVo cell.
References
(1)
Allicin purified from fresh garlic cloves induces apoptosis in colon
cancer cells via Nrf2 by Bat-Chen W, Golan T, Peri I, Ludmer Z, Schwartz B.(
PubMed)
(2) [
Allicin enhances cytotoxicity of CPT-11 to
colon cancer LoVo cell in vitro].
[Article in Chinese] by Gao Y, Liu Y, Cao W, Deng Z, Liu H, Xu L, Chen X.(
PubMed)
9. Phytochemical allicin and osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer found mostly in teenagers and people over age 60.
The health benefits
Phytochemical compounds derived from garlic such as Allicin, diallyl thiosulfinate, have been drawn of interest in cancer treatment research. In the study of the effects of artesunate combined with allicin on osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo, found that treatment with artesunate and allicin enhanced the synergistic effects on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis. diallyl sulfide (DAS) derived from allicin, in the study of its effect on proliferation of human osteosarcoma
MG-63 cells, showed to significantly suppress the growth of MG-63
tumor-bearing tissue. Immunohistochemistry in different concentrations
(20 and 40 μg/mL) and decrease microvessel density (MVD) of MG-63
tumor-bearing tissue by suppressing the expression of Vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA.
References
(1) The synergistic anticancer effect of artesunate combined with
allicin in osteosarcoma cell line in vitro and in vivo by Jiang W, Huang Y, Wang JP, Yu XY, Zhang LY.(
PubMed)
(2) Experimental study on inhibitory effects of diallyl sulfide on growth and invasion of human
osteosarcoma MG-63 cells by Hu Y, Chen L, Yi C, Yang F, Chen J.(
PubMed)
10. Phytochemical allicin and pancreatic cancer
Cancer of pancreas or pancreatic cancer is defined as condition of a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, as the cells have become cancerous and divided uncontrollably. Most pancreatic cancers start in the ducts (exocrine
component of the pancreas) that carry pancreatic juices with cancer of
an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue accounts for over 75
- 90% of all cases of exocrine cancers.
The health benefits
Allicin found in garlic
and onion has drawn many interest in scientific community in finding a
natural potent agent with little and no side effects in preventing and
treating cancers. Garlic preparations inhibition of cancer cell-growth has been attributed to a group of structurally-related organosulfur compounds, such as allicin, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide. Combined treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) on pancreatic cancer and explored the potential immunological mechanism in mice, showed a significant suppression of
cells growth and prolonged survival time in the combined treatment with
allicin and rIL-2 group, with
increased mature Th cells express the surface protein CD4 and CD8, natural killer cell (NK cell) and
Serum levels of interferon-gamma.
References
(1) Effect of combined treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 and
allicin on pancreatic
cancer by Wang CJ, Wang C, Han J, Wang YK, Tang L, Shen DW, Zhao Y, Xu RH, Zhang H.(
PubMed)
(2) Anti-proliferation activity of synthetic ajoene analogues on
cancer cell-lines by Kaschula CH, Hunter R, Hassan HT, Stellenboom N, Cotton J, Zhai XQ, Parker MI.(
PubMed)
11. Phytochemical allicin and breast cancer
Breast cancer
(
malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the
lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that
supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer
starts in other areas of the breast.
The health benefits
The prevalence of breast cancer is widespread in develop world as 250,000
new cases of
breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone
and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a
women is 1/8. Treating breast cancer with natural elements with little
or no side eefcts have drawn many interests to the research community.
Allicin, generated by oxidation of diallyl disulfide (DADS) may be
effective in suppressing
breast cancer as in rat study, its activation of metabolizing enzymes that detoxify carcinogens, the
suppression of DNA adduct formation, the inhibition of the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulation of cell-cycle arrest,
induction of apoptosis as well as reducting the side effects caused by anti-
cancer agents.
References
(1) Anticancer effects of garlic and garlic-derived compounds for
breast cancer control BY Tsubura A, Lai YC, Kuwata M, Uehara N, Yoshizawa K.(
PubMed))
12. Phytochemical allicin and liver cancer
Liver cancer
is defined as a condition of out of controlled growth of
hepatocellular cells in the liver. Since the organ is a soft tissue
with less nerve, most liver cancer patient are diagnosed in the later
stage of the cancer. According to the statistic, liver cancer remains
the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women
worldwide.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of primary liver cancer.
The health benefits
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent type of liver cancer
in Southeast Asia. Anti cancer agent , although effective with many
side effects. The urgency in finding of a natural treatment with little
or no side effects has drawn many interest. Study showed that allicin induced degradation of cell death in human HCC Hep G2 (p53(wild type)) cells and apoptotic cell death through caspase-dependent and caspase-independent
pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in human
cellular tumor antigen p53. on the other hand,
Allicin
treatment also found to induce apoptotic cell death in p53 knock down Hep G2 cells
similar to that of Hep 3B cells. These results suggest that
allicin might be a potential novel complementary gene therapeutic
agent for the treatment of apoptosis-resistant
cancer cells.
References
(1)
Allicin induces anti-human
liver cancer cells through the p53 gene modulating apoptosis and autophagy by Chu YL, Ho CT, Chung JG, Raghu R, Lo YC, Sheen LY.(
PubMed)
(2)
Allicin induces anti-human
liver cancer cells through the p53 gene modulating apoptosis and autophagy by Chu YL, Ho CT, Chung JG, Raghu R, Lo YC, Sheen LY.(
PubMed)
12. Phytochemical allicin and endometrium cancer
Endometrium is the inner lining of the
mammalian
uterus and very susceptible hormone change, particular to menstrual
cycle. Endometrial cancer is a late adulthood cancer defined as a
condition of which the cells of the endometrial lining of uterus have
growth uncontrollable or become cancerous as a result of the alternation
of cells DNA. It's the fourth most common cancer among women overall,
after breast cancer, lung cancer, and bowel cancer.
The benefits
Although garlic has drawn many interest in scientific community, but
believe or not allicin is the least studied. In the study of the effect
of
allicin's antiproliferative effect in vitro models, showed a significantly inhibited proliferation of human mammary (MCF-7),
endometrial (Ishikawa), and colon (HT-29)
cancer cells (50% inhibitory concentration = 10-25 microM) attributed to the ability of
allicin to transiently deplete the intracellular GSH level.
References
(1) Effect of purified
allicin, the major ingredient of freshly crushed garlic, on
cancer cell proliferation by Hirsch K, Danilenko M, Giat J, Miron T, Rabinkov A, Wilchek M, Mirelman D, Levy J, Sharoni Y.(
PubMed)
13. Phytochemical allicin and endometrium cancer
Brain
and spinal cord make up the nervous system. Most primary tumors are caused by
abnormal cells growth that surround and support neurons, with a small
number may be caused by gene defect from exposure to radiation or toxic
chemicals. Benign tumors are noncancerous, and malignant tumors are
cancerous. More than 190.000 people in US are diagnosed with a brain
tumor each year alone. Glioblastoma
is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans.
The benefits
Allicin, the main flavor compound in garlic, has exerted its anti-carcinogenic activities against a wide range of cancer cells. U87MG is one of a number of cell lines derived from malignant glioma was inhibited,
causing apoptosis of cells by allicin in a dose- and time-dependent
manner, involve the mitochondrial pathway of Bcl-2/Bax, the MAPK/ERK
signaling pathway and antioxidant enzyme systems.
References
(1)
Allicin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in U87MG human
glioblastoma cells through an ERK-dependent pathway by Cha JH, Choi YJ, Cha SH, Choi CH, Cho WH.(
PubMed)
14. Phytochemical allicin and gastric cancer
Allicin is phytochemical
containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in onion and garlic.
Stomach cancer
is defined as condition of abnormal growth of the mucus-producing cells
of the inside lining of the stomach. Adenocarcinoma is the most common
type of stomach cancer.
The health effects
Allicin, even though is the least studied in scientific community, but its antitumor properties is undeniable in research. Study of the underlying mechanism of
allicin
on gastric cancer cells, allicin
induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in gastric cancer cells,
through induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and
increased
caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation, with concomitant upregulation of bax
and fas expression in the tumor cells. In the effect of allicin on cell
proliferation and apoptosis of progressive
gastric carcinoma,
allicin showed
effects in up-regulating the protein expressions of apoptosis promoting
gene Bax and apoptosis initiating gene Fas,
and down-regulating that of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 via local application of allicinvia gastroscopy.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
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Refrerences
(1)
Allicin induces apoptosis in gastric
cancer cells through activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways
by Zhang W, Ha M, Gong Y, Xu Y, Dong N, Yuan Y.(
PubMed)
(2) [Effect of local application of allicinvia gastroscopy on cell proliferation and apoptosis of progressive
gastric carcinoma].[Article in Chinese] by Zhang ZD, Li Y, Jiao ZK.(
PubMed)
