Thursday 1 May 2014

Papaya and Cancers

Kyle J. Norton

Even with no clinical or animal cancer studies but in vitro, papaya extract may be the next potential pharmacological target to identify the ingredients for treatment of cancers(2). According to the World center fund International, in 2012, there was 14.1 million cancer cases, affecting  7.4 million in men and 6.7 million in women. This number is expected to increase to 24 million by 2035(3).

Its nutrients including Vitamin A, Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, etc. and major chemical constituent and ethanol extract including benzylisothiocyanate are said to exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti hyperlipidemic, anti cellular oxidative stress, anti neural tube defect, etc. effects(1).

Papaya, a species of Carica Papaya, belonging to the family Caricaceae, native to the tropics of the Americas, has been used in traditional medicine as remedies for many various ailments, including  gastric problems, inflammation, and cancer(12). 

Aqueous extract, according to University of Tokyo, on various tumor cell lines, showed to inhibit significant growth activity, through immunomodulatory effects including, interleukin 12 (also known as natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2), IL-12p70(a heterodimer), IFN-gamma(regulation of immunologically relevant genes) and TNF-alpha(innate immune response against viral infection)(4).

Fermented papaya, a traditional dish of many Southeast Asian cultures, is said to process antioxidant and immune-modulating potentials, through influence of signaling cascades associated with cell growth and survival, from epidemiological and in-vitro studies of patient with diabetes(5). In Azoxymethane (AOM) induced colon cancer in rats, papaya peel extract (PapPE), showed a significantly ameliorated the cytotoxic effects of AOM, through its potent anti-oxidant activities in reduction of oxidative stress (glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation)(6).

In cultured human lung cancer H69 cell, Benzyl glucosinolate (BG) found in the pulp and the seed of papaya, inhibited cancer cell proliferation in an administration of doses of 6.5 μmol(7), probably through its effect in superoxide generation and apoptosis induction(8). Benzylisothiocyanate (BITC), another chemical constituent also mediated apoptosis of prostate and pancreases cancer cells through activation both procaspase-8 pathways(initiation of apoptosis) and cell cycle arrest(9), inhibited advanced ovarian cancer cell lines through activation of caspase-3(activation in the apoptotic cell) and -9(activation of apoptotic process), and cleavage of PARP-1(repair of DNA damage)(10) and breast cancer through generation of reactive oxygen species and cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3(11).

Dr/ Nguyen and the research team at The University of Queensland told PubMed "(The) extract-based or specific compound-based investigations and emphasizes the aspects (of papaya) that warrant future research to explore the bioactives in C. papaya for their anticancer activities"(2).


Taken altogether, fermented papaya and it major chemical constituents such as Benzyl glucosinolate (BG) and Benzylisothiocyanate (BITC) may be effective in reduced risk and treatment for certain types of cancer, through cell cycle arrest and unregulated apoptotic pathways but further studies with large sample size and muti centers are necessary to identify the main ingredients in comparison of currently pharmacological medicine use to improve its validation. As always, all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult your Doctor & Related field specialist before applying.


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References
(1) #Healthy #Foods - Fruits - Papaya (Carica Papaya)(Better living and living health)
(2) Anticancer activity of Carica papaya: a review by Nguyen TT1, Shaw PN, Parat MO, Hewavitharana AK.(PubMed)
(3) Cancer statistics Worldwide(World center fund International)
(4) Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects by Otsuki N, Dang NH, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S, Morimoto C.(PubMed)
(5) Diabetes as a risk factor to cancer: Functional role of fermented papaya preparation as phytonutraceutical adjunct in the treatment of diabetes and cancer by Aruoma OI, Somanah J, Bourdon E, Rondeau P, Bahorun T(PubMed)
(6) Amelioration of azoxymethane induced-carcinogenesis by reducing oxidative stress in rat colon by natural extracts by Waly MI, Al-Rawahi AS, Al Riyami M, Al-Kindi MA, Al-Issaei HK, Farooq SA, Al-Alawi A, Rahman MS.(PubMed)
(7) Content determination of benzyl glucosinolate and anti-cancer activity of its hydrolysis product in Carica papaya L, by Li ZY1, Wang Y, Shen WT, Zhou P.(PubMed)
(8) Papaya seed represents a rich source of biologically active isothiocyanate by Nakamura Y, Yoshimoto M, Murata Y, Shimoishi Y, Asai Y, Park EY, Sato K, Nakamura Y.(PubMed)
(9) Dietary isothiocyanate mediated apoptosis of human cancer cells is associated with Bcl-xL phosphorylation by Basu A, Haldar S.(PubMed)
(10) Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells in vitro by Kalkunte S, Swamy N, Dizon DS, Brard L(PubMed)
(11) Benzyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species and regulated by Bax and Bak by Xiao D1, Vogel V, Singh SV.(PubMed)
(12) Ficus carica L. (Moraceae): Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Biological Activities by Mawa S, Husain K, Jantan I.(PubMed)

Super Nachos

Recipe by Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn

Keep these simple ingredients around for a quick & easy snack the whole family will enjoy
2 (10-inch) flour tortillas
3/4 c. salsa
4.5-oz. can green chiles, drained and diced
1/2 c. sliced black olives
1 c. shredded Monterey Jack cheese
Place tortilla on an ungreased baking sheet: spread salsa over tortilla.prinkle chiles and olives over salsa; top with cheese.
bake at 425 degrees for 10 minutes or until tortillas are crisp and cheese is melted. Use a pizza cutter to slice each into 8 wedges.
Make 8 appetizer servings


Mary Murray
Gooseberry Patch



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Button Mushroom's Immunological effects

Mushroom is a standard name of white button mushroom, the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source, It is a genus A. Muscaria and belong to the family Amanitaceae and has been cultivation in many cultures all over the world for foods and health benefits.
Nutrients 
1. Carbohydrates
2. Protein
3. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
4. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
5. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
6. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
7. Calcium
8. Phosphorus
9. Potassium
10. Sodium
11. Selenium
12. Iron
13. Copper
14. Zinc
15. Etc.

Chemical constituents
Astraodorol, Psilocybin, Lectin, adustin, ribonuclease, nicotine, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, orsellinic acid, melleolide, ergosterol, genistein, daidzein, daucosterol, genistin, uracil and D-mannitol(a).

Button Mushroom and Immunologic effects
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In number of studies, Mushrooms have been shown to enhance immune response. according to Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, white button mushroom showed to enhance both innate and T cell-mediated immunity leading to a more efficient surveillance and defense mechanism against microbial invasion and tumor development, through promotion of DC maturation and enhance their antigen-presenting function.(1). A. bisporus polysaccharides isolated from white button mushrooms, exhibited macrophage immunomodulating and antitumor activities, through stimulation the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α via activation of nuclear factor-κB with the production p50/105 heterodimers(2).
 
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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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References
(a) [Chemical constituents from fungus Armillaria mellea]. by [Article in Chinese] by Yuan XL1, Yan LH, Zhang QW, Wang ZM.(PubMed)
(1) White button mushroom enhances maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and their antigen presenting function in mice by Ren Z1, Guo Z, Meydani SN, Wu D.(PubMed)
(2) Macrophage immunomodulating and antitumor activities of polysaccharides isolated from Agaricus bisporus white button mushrooms by Jeong SC1, Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong YT, Song CH, Pang G(PubMed)

Wednesday 30 April 2014

Cervical cancer in Vitamin B12 Points of View

 According to the American Cancer Society's, in 2014, 12,360 new cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed with the death of  4,020 patients. The risk of cervical cancer is higher in Hispanic women followed by African-Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and whites(1).
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, a water-soluble vitamin, found abundantly in a variety of foods, such as fish, shellfish, meat, eggs, dairy products, etc. plays an important role in regulating the functions of nervous system and formation of blood.

Epidemiological studies focusing vitamin B12 in reduced risk of cervical  cancer have produced conflict results(a)(b)(c)(d). Mahidol University, showed that lower levels of serum of vitamin B12 may be associated to the risk of cervical cancer, in the vitamin B12 statuses of Thai women with high- and low-grade cervical dysplasia study(1). Other researchers suggested that there may be a link between serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine and the risk of cervical cancer due to vitamins role in role in the synthesis and repair of DNA. In a a community-based cohort of women who donated blood in 1974 for a serum bank in Washington County, Maryland, 39 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed between 1975 and mid-1990 were included in the study (13 cases of invasive cervical cancer and 26 cases of carcinoma in situ). vitamin B12 was found to mimic those for folate and lower homocysteine, a marker of low B vitamin concentrations was associated to increased risk of the disease(1). In cervical cancer progression, folate showed to have an influence on B12 levels but not those of MTHFR polymorphisms, serum homocysteine(3). Improving folate and vitamin B12 status may have a beneficial impact on the prevention of CC, because of their role in interventions of HR-HPV infections(4)(5). The National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea, showed a positive effect of vitamins intake in protection of  on cervical neoplasms in case-control studies due to antioxidant activities(6). Other researchers suggested the lower levels of vitamin B12 and folate may be due to abnormal Intestinal malabsorptionof that can lead to deficiency and reduced length of survival(7). On the other hand, the University of Hawai study indicated that thiamin, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin B12 may play a protective role in cervical carcinogenesis(8). Unfortunately, the Arizona Cancer Center study do not support the role of folate, vitamin B12, or homocysteine in HPV persistence or cervical dysplasia(9), the leading cause of cervical cancer.

Taken altogether, intake of vitamin B12 may be effective in reduced risk and treatment of cervical cancer when used conjunction with folate. Over doses of the vitamin may induce symptoms of toxicity, including headache, giddiness and abnormal heart functioning, etc., please make sure to follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.


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References
(1) Cerical cancer (Amerrican cancer society)
(a) Diet and premalignant lesions of the cervix: evidence of a protective role for folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin B12 by Hernandez BY1, McDuffie K, Wilkens LR, Kamemoto L, Goodman MT.(PubMed)
(b) A case control study of nutritional factors and cervical dysplasia by Liu T1, Soong SJ, Wilson NP, Craig CB, Cole P, Macaluso M, Butterworth CE Jr.(PubMed)
(c) [Chemoprevention of cervical cancer--intervention study of cervical precancerous lesions by retinamide II and riboflavin].[Article in Chinese] byChen RD.(PubMed)
(d) Epidemiologic studies of vitamins and cancer of the lung, esophagus, and cervix by Ziegler RG.(PubMed)
(1) Vitamin B12 status of Thai women with neoplasia of the cervix uteri by Kwanbunjan K1, Saengkar P, Cheeramakara C, Tangjitgamol S, Chitcharoenrung K.(PubMed)

(2) The risk of cervical cancer in relation to serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine by Alberg AJ1, Selhub J, Shah KV, Viscidi RP, Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ.(PubMed)
(3) A case-control nutrigenomic study on the synergistic activity of folate and vitamin B12 in cervical cancer progression by Ragasudha PN1, Thulaseedharan JV, Wesley R, Jayaprakash PG, Lalitha P, Pillai MR.(PubMed)
(4) Indian women with higher serum concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 are significantly less likely to be infected with carcinogenic or high-risk (HR) types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) by Piyathilake CJ1, Badiga S, Paul P, Vijayaraghavan K, Vedantham H, Sudula M, Sowjanya P, Ramakrishna G, Shah KV, Partridge EE, Gravitt PE.(PubMed)
(5) Lower risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with high plasma folate and sufficient vitamin B12 in the post-folic acid fortification era by Piyathilake CJ1, Macaluso M, Alvarez RD, Bell WC, Heimburger DC, Partridge EE.(PubMed)


(6) Vitamin or antioxidant intake (or serum level) and risk of cervical neoplasm: a meta-analysis by Myung SK1, Ju W, Kim SC, Kim H; Korean Meta-analysis (KORMA) Study Group.(PubMed)
(7) Intestinal malabsorption in long-term survivors of cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy by Vistad I1, Kristensen GB, Fosså SD, Dahl AA, Mørkrid L.(PubMed)
(8) Diet and premalignant lesions of the cervix: evidence of a protective role for folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin B12 by Hernandez BY1, McDuffie K, Wilkens LR, Kamemoto L, Goodman MT.(PubMed)

Button mushroom and Prostate cancer

Mushroom is a standard name of white button mushroom, the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source, It is a genus A. Muscaria and belong to the family Amanitaceae and has been cultivation in many cultures all over the world for foods and health benefits.
Nutrients 
1. Carbohydrates
2. Protein
3. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
4. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
5. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
6. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
7. Calcium
8. Phosphorus
9. Potassium
10. Sodium
11. Selenium
12. Iron
13. Copper
14. Zinc
15. Etc.

Chemical constituents
Astraodorol, Psilocybin, Lectin, adustin, ribonuclease, nicotine, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, orsellinic acid, melleolide, ergosterol, genistein, daidzein, daucosterol, genistin, uracil and D-mannitol(a).
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams(1).
In athymic mice, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), found in white button mushroom extract and its major component showed to inhibit proliferation in the prostate cancer cell lines in vitro within 72 hours and to decrease the prostate tumor size of DU145 and PC3(2). But according to the study by University of Western Sydney, Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom (WBM), in a tetrazolium dye [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]-based assay, it showed a little effect on the growth of human colon, prostate, gastric cancer, and murine Sarcoma 180 cells but breast cancer cell line MCF-7(3). Button mushrooms with a rich source of vitamin D2 that when consumed can increase and maintain blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a healthy range(4) of that may lead to reduced risk of prostate cancer(5).



Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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References
(a) [Chemical constituents from fungus Armillaria mellea]. by [Article in Chinese] by Yuan XL1, Yan LH, Zhang QW, Wang ZM.(PubMed)
(1) Prostate Cancer (Health tips for better living and living health)
(2) White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties and inhibits prostate tumor growth in athymic mice by Adams LS1, Phung S, Wu X, Ki L, Chen S.(PubMed)
(3) Macrophage immunomodulating and antitumor activities of polysaccharides isolated from Agaricus bisporus white button mushrooms by Jeong SC1, Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong YT, Song CH, Pang G.(PubMed)
(4)  Photobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans by Keegan RJ, Lu Z, Bogusz JM, Williams JE, Holick MF.(PubMed)
(5) Prostate cancer risk and prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (Finland) by Merja H. Ahonen, Leena Tenkanen, Lyly Teppo, Matti Hakama, Pentti Tuohimaa (Springer link)

Bircher Muesli


Contributed by 4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books)
 Serve 1
1/2 cup natural muesli
1/2 cup orange juice
2 tsp. plain yogurt
1 green apple, grated Soak muesli in Juice for 15 minutes. Mix the remaining ingredients and serve.



Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


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Tuesday 29 April 2014

Herbal Ginseng and Infertility

Kyle J. Norton

Ginseng, the King of Chinese herb, according to the literature in Chinese medicine may be the next  single herb in enhancing fertility in both sexes. According to the statistic from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 7.3 million women of childbearing age (between 15 and 44) in the US are likely to have impaired fecundity with 11% of population in the US alone were infertile.

Beside improving general well-being, the herb has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat sexual dysfunction as well as enhanced sexual behavior(1).

Recent animal studies and confirmed in human case control studies, ginseng had shown a positive effects  in enhancing libido, and copulatory performances(1). Ginsenosides, an active chemical compound extracted from ginseng was found not only to improve the sperm quality and count of healthy individuals and patients with treatment-related infertility(2), but also facilitate penile erection through directly inducing the vasodilatation and relaxation of penile corpus cavernosum(3).

In treatment of sexual dysfunction, ginsenoside also induced Nitric oxide (NO) function in the process, involving psychogenic and hormonal input, and a neurovascular nonadrenergic, noncholinergic mechanism(3).

Dr. Murphy LL and Lee TJ. at the Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, told PubMed, "Treatment with American ginseng also affects the central nervous system and has been shown to significantly alter the activity of hypothalamic catecholamines involved in the facilitation of copulatory behavior and hormone secretion"(3)

In 30 male rats randomly allocated into three groups of 10 rats each: 1. controls, 2. diabetes (D) and 3. diabetes + ginseng (DG) study, oral administration of ginseng extract showed a significant improvement of fertility parameters and testicular antioxidants together with a decrease in malondialdehyde, production of lipid peroxidation and prostaglandin biosynthesis and testicular pathological signs including degenerative changes of the seminiferous tubules(4). In infertile women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE), lowered the high numbers of antral follicles and increased the number of corpora lutea in the polycystic ovaries(6).

Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, the genus Panax, belonging to the family Araliaceae. Depending to the climate where it grows, ginseng can be classified mainly into Panax ginseng Asian ginseng (root), Red ginseng, wild ginseng, American ginseng (root).
The Asian herb has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to promote yang and to improve cardiac function, short of breath, blood pressure. Panax ginseng can generates fluids and reduce thirst, to treat anxiety, insomnia, dizziness/headache, forgetfulness, impotence, diabetes, bleeding in the vagina not during period, etc.

The composition of  carnitine, acetyl carnitine, L-arginine and ginseng in treatment of men with asthenopermia promoted the improvement of sperm motility and enhanced libido and sexual performance(7).

Its nutrients and chemical constituents including koryoginsenoside, ginsenoside, ginseng saponins, ginseng oils and phytosterol(4), carbohydrates and sugars, organic acids, nitrogenous substances, amino acids and peptides, vitamins and minerals(5), may hold the power of enhancing immunity through stimulating antiviral cytokine IFN-γ production, improved survival of human lung epithelial cells upon influenza virus infection, vascular dysfunctions, such as hypertension, atherosclerotic disorders and ischemic injury, etc.(8) These findings with the diverse pharmacological activities may be the reasons for ginseng to be named the king of all herbs in improved general well-being.

Taken altogether, ginseng, especially Panax ginseng and its major chemical compound ginsenosides
may be effective in enhancing the chance of fertility in both sexes, through vary mechanisms. Overdoses may cause nausea, diarrhea, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, breast pain, tremors, nervousness, headache, vomiting, insomnia, nose bleeding, etc.. As always, all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult your Doctor & related field specialist before applying.


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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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References
(1) Ginseng and male reproductive function by Wah Leung K, Wong AS.(PubMed)
(2) The role of nitric oxide in erectile dysfunction: implications for medical therapy by Burnett AL.(PubMed)
(3) Ginseng, sex behavior, and nitric oxide by Murphy LL, Lee TJ.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of ginseng extract supplementation on testicular functions in diabetic rats by Sawiress FA, Ziada MS, Bebawy WS, Amer HA.(PubMed)
(5) The chemical constituents of ginseng plants by Hou JP.(PubMed)
(6) Therapeutic effect of korean red ginseng extract on infertility caused by polycystic ovaries by Jung JH, Park HT, Kim T, Jeong MJ, Lim SC, Nah SY, Cho IH, Park SH, Kang SS, Moon CJ, Kim JC, Kim SH, Bae CS.(PubMed)
(7) [Treatment with carnitine, acetyl carnitine, L-arginine and ginseng improves sperm motility and sexual health in men with asthenopermia].[Article in Italian] by Morgante G, Scolaro V, Tosti C, Di Sabatino A, Piomboni P, De Leo V.(PubMed)
(8) Immunomodulatory activity of red ginseng against influenza A virus infection by Lee JS, Hwang HS2, Ko EJ3, Lee YN4, Kwon YM5, Kim MC6, Kang SM(PubMed)
(9)Pharmacogenomics and the Yin/Yang actions of ginseng: anti-tumor, angiomodulating and steroid-like activities of ginsenosides by Yue PY, Mak NK, Cheng YK, Leung KW, Ng TB, Fan DT, Yeung HW, Wong RN(PubMed)
(10) Popular Herbs - Ginseng, Asian (Panax ginseng) and Ginseng, North America by Kyle J. Norton