Tuesday, 7 January 2014

Herbal Burdock and Gastroprotective activity

Burdock is plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro. It has been used over thousand of years in Chins and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent and to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers and other digestive problems.
The digestive system includes gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder with the function to digest foods and transfer the nutrients to the body needs.

The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

The benefits
Arctium lappa L. has been used in folk medicine as digestive stimulant to treat digestive disorder, including digestive sluggishness. Sesquiterpene onopordopicrin (ONP)-enriched fraction (termed the ONP fraction), obtained from A. lappa leaves, exerted the Gastroprotective effect with  involvement of  endogenous sulfhydryls. chloroform extract (CE) of the roots from A. lappa and its fractions intake found to be significantly reduced gastric lesions induced by ethanol, chronic gastric ulceration induced by acetic acid. Intraduodenal extarct CE of the herb reduced the total acidity of gastric secretion,..... as its chemical constituents protect animals from gastric lesions by reducing gastric acid secretion via inhibition of gastric H+, K+ -ATPase.

The Side effects
1. Overdose can be poisoning and may lead to symptoms of
acute poisoning include phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines.
2. It may cause dermatitis and allergic/inflammatory responses to certain people with contact as a result of lactones which the plant produces.
3. Do not use burdock if you are pregnant or breast feeding.
4. Etc.

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References
(1) Anti-ulcerogenic mechanisms of the sesquiterpene lactone onopordopicrin-enriched fraction from Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae): role of somatostatin, gastrin, and endogenous sulfhydryls and nitric oxide by de Almeida AB, Luiz-Ferreira A, Cola M, Di Pietro Magri L, Batista LM, de Paiva JA, Trigo JR, Souza-Brito AR.(PubMed)
(2) Gastroprotective activity of the chloroform extract of the roots from Arctium lappa L by Dos Santos AC, Baggio CH, Freitas CS, Lepieszynski J, Mayer B, Twardowschy A, Missau FC, dos Santos EP, Pizzolatti MG, Marques MC.(PubMed)

Monday, 6 January 2014

Herbal Andrographis and Colitis

Andrographis paniculata is also known as Andrographis is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. It has been used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic in treating the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia, swollen lymph nodes, leprosy, bronchitis, sore throats, tuberculosis, chicken pox, etc.
 Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.


The Ingredients
Beside the main ingredient andrographolides, giving the plant a bitter taste, other ingredients includediterpene lactones, such as: neoandrographolide, andrographiside, 14-doexy-11, 12-didehydro andrographolide, etc., flavonoinds viz., oroxylin, wogonin, andrographidines A, B, C, D, E, F.

The benefits
Recent randomised, double-blind, multicentre, 8-week parallel group study of HMPL-004, the Andrographis paniculata extract, when compares to mesalazine found to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness for induction of clinical response, remission, and mucosal healing in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). In colitis, the extract reduced the splenic cell counts,  CD4(+), and IL-17(+), and IFN-γ T(+) cells and inhibited the proliferation of CD4 T cells and differentiation into TH1/TH17 cells.

The Side effects
1. Antifertility
Dry leaf powder of A. paniculata increases the risk accumulating of glycogen and cholesterol in the testis, and increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase in testis and alkaline phosphatase in testis and ventral prostate, thus reducing the risk of fertility.
 2. People with gallbladder disease may want to consult with their doctor before using because of the herb stimulating gallbladder contraction effect.

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References 
(1) Antifertility effect of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) in male albino rat" by Akbarsha MA, Manivannan B, Hamid KS, Vijayan B., posted in (PubMed) (2) HMPL-004 (Andrographis paniculata extract) prevents development of murine colitis by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and TH1/TH17 responses by Michelsen KS, Wong MH, Ko B, Thomas LS, Dhall D, Targan SR.(PubMed)
(3) HMPL-004 (Andrographis paniculata extract) prevents development of murine colitis by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and TH1/TH17 responses by Michelsen KS, Wong MH, Ko B, Thomas LS, Dhall D, Targan SR.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Strawberries Anti-inflammatory activities

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.


Nutrients and Chemicals constituents
1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 
The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin 

The benefits
Intake fruits and vegetables are considered of reducing the risk of many diseases, including incidence of cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. Mixture of blueberry, strawberry, and spinach extracts inhibited prolyl endopeptidase, a regulator of central neuropeptide stability and may be considered as an potential agent in neurology and psychiatry as a result of thiers phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity. In the study to test the anti-inflammatory and blood glucose (BG)-regulating capacity of strawberries in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, although modest, diet of strawberries is found to reduce the risks associated with obesity and diabetes, and regulate the levels of inflammatory markers in non-obese individuals.
 
The Side effects
1. Some people may beexperience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries
2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.
3. Etc.

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References
(1) Anti-inflammatory and neuroactive properties of selected fruit extracts by Heim KC, Angers P, Léonhart S, Ritz BW.(PubMed)
(2) Dietary strawberry powder reduces blood glucose concentrations in obese and lean C57BL/6 mice, and selectively lowers plasma C-reactive protein in lean mice by Parelman MA, Storms DH, Kirschke CP, Huang L, Zunino SJ.(PubMed)

Herbal Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Diuretic effect

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is one of the species of Bearberry, in the genus Arctostaphylos, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to the northern North America, Asia and Europe. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as diuretic agent and to treat urinary problems, including bladder infections, kidney infection, kidney stone, pelvic pain, etc.
A diuretic is medication used to elevate the rate of urination 

The ingredients
Beside the major constituents of phenolic glycoside arbutin, tannins and flavonoids, it also contains free hydroquinone, P - coumaricacid, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, flavonoid quercetin and  triterpenes ursolic acid.

The Benefits
Because of increased awareness of conventional medication's side effects, there is increasing interest in the health and wellness benefits of herbs and botanicals. Aqueous extracts of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is found to increase in urine flow with urinary sodium excretion in rats increased with O. stamineus and S. nigra.

The Side effect
1. Overdoses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including cause nausea, vomiting, etc. and fever, chills, severe back pain, ringing in the ears, etc.
2. The herb may interact with other medicine, including diuretic
3. Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
4. Etc.
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References
(1) Effect of extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, Hieracium pilosella L., Sambucus nigra L. and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. in rats BY Beaux D, Fleurentin J, Mortier F.(PubMed)

Herbal Arnica and Antiinflammatory activity

Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The ingredients
Beside containing helenalin as it main ingredient used as anti-inflammatory agent in herbal medicine, it also contains 11,13- dihydrohelenaline, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative, etc.

The benefits
Several species in the genus Arnica have been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory-related disorders. Arnica montana 6cH has exerted its anti-inflammatory effect within 6 hours after applying as it blocked the action of histamine in increasing vascular permeability. Other in the study of the helenalin, a flavonoid responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of arnica montana extract, and aloin, an anthrone-C-glucosyls with antibacterial activity present in aloe vera extract, found that a microemulsion can be a good vehicle to increase the permeation of helenalin, while the gel formulation, containing Sepigel 305, proved able to reduce the release and permeation of aloin, with a consequent activity limited to the surface of application, without any permeation.

C. Side effects
1. Arnica can increase leg pain in a short term
2. Allergy
Arnica used as Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts may cause allergic effect in Compositae-allergic patients.
3. Atopic dermatitis
Patient with atopic dermatitis should use Arnica with care as the herb may increase the risk of a risk factor for Compositae allergy.
4. Toxicity
Arnica is toxic as it contains measurable amount of helenalin.
5. Etc.

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Back to Herbal Therapy http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/herbal-therapies.html   References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4) Anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica montana 6cH: preclinical study in animals by Macêdo SB, Ferreira LR, Perazzo FF, Carvalho JC.(PubMed)
(5) Effect of vehicles on topical application of aloe vera and arnica montana components by Bergamante V, Ceschel GC, Marazzita S, Ronchi C, Fini A.(PubMed)

Herbal Aloe Vera and gingivitis

Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits. Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herb studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.
Gingivitis is defined as a condition of Inflammation of Gum Diseases.

The Ingredients 
The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera include: amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols. 

The benefits
Aloe Vera anti-inflammatory property may be the result of the plant used in treatment of gum diseases. In the sudy of 45 patients who were diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis were included, aloe mouth wash is proven to be the most potential in reduction in gingival inflammation caused by plagues. Other in the the randomized, controlled, and double-blind study, a total of 148 systemically healthy subjects, showed statistically significant decrease in PI, MGI, and BI scores after the rinse regimen began in comparison with the use of chlorhexidine. But Dr. de Oliveira SM, and the research team in comparison of  Aloe vera and fluoridated dentifrice, found that here was a significant reduction on plaque and gingivitis in both groups, but no statistically significant difference was observed among them (p>0.01), Aloe vera did not show any additional effect on plaque and gingivitis control compared to the fluoridated dentifrice.

The Side effects
1. Hepatitis
Some researchers concerned that the over use of oral aloe vera may contribute to acute hepatitis, according to the study of "Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis" by Bottenberg MM, Wall GC, Harvey RL, Habib S., posted in PubMed
2. Diarrhea, caused by the laxative effect of oral use of Aloe Vera
3. oral use of Aloe Vera may cause abdominal cramps and pain
4. It may cause of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms as a result of collagen in the plant
5. Etc.

References
(1) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(2)   ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(3) Aloe vera: It's effect on gingivitis by Ajmera N, Chatterjee A, Goyal V.(PubMed)
(4) A randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of Aloe vera mouth rinse by Chandrahas B, Jayakumar A, Naveen A, Butchibabu K, Reddy PK, Muralikrishna T.(PubMed)
(5) Effect of a dentifrice containing Aloe vera on plaque and gingivitis control. A double-blind clinical study in humans by de Oliveira SM, Torres TC, Pereira SL, Mota OM, Carlos MX.(PubMed)



(7) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)(8) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)

Herbal Alfalfa and Estrogenic effects

Alfalfa is a flowering plant in the genus Medicago, belonging to the family Fabaceae, It has been cultivated all over the world as hay for cattle feeding. The leaves, sprouts, and seeds to make medicine has been used in traditional medicine over thousands of year to treat high cholesterol, asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, enhance digestive system, bleeding disorder, kidney and urinary tract infection, etc. North America aboriginal has used Alfalfa seed as food, such as making bread and mush.
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.

Ingredients
1. Essential amino acids
2. Calcium
3. Magnesium
4. Potassium
5. Iron
6. Phosphorus
7. Zinc
8. Beta carotene
9. vitamin C
10. vitamins D
11.Vitamin E
12. Vitamin K
13. Etc.
It chemical constituents include flavones, isoflavones, sterols, Bichanin A Coumestrol Diadzein Formonetin Genisteincoumarin derivatives, etc.

The benefits
Alfalfa, as an Estrogenic botanical supplements may be used ot relieve symptoms of  sleep interruption, according to the study of health-related quality of life, fatigue, and hormone-related symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Menopausal symptoms, primarily hot flashes, affects approximately two thirds of menopausal and post menopausal women, botanicals and dietary supplement (BDS), Coumestrol, a phytoestrogenic compound in alfalfa, found to block physiological estrogen-induced tumor cell growth in vitro and can also stimulate growth at high dietary concentrations in the absence of endogenous estrogens; these actions are correlated to its entrogenic and antiestrogenic response patterns.

The Side effects
1. High amount of vitamin K may reduce the effectiveness of anticogulation medicine
2. Causing additive effects for women who are under estrogen replacement therapy or taking the oral contraceptive pill.
3. It may cause stomach upset and diarrhea
4. The herb may induce lupus erythematosu due to its chemical constituent L-canavanine.

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Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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 References
(1) Drug-induced lupus: an update by Vasoo S.(PubMed)
(2) Estrogenic botanical supplements, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and hormone-related symptoms in breast cancer survivors: a HEAL study report by Ma H, Sullivan-Halley J, Smith AW, Neuhouser ML, Alfano CM, Meeske K, George SM, McTiernan A, McKean-Cowdin R, Baumgartner KB, Ballard-Barbash R, Bernstein L.(PubMed)
(3) Proliferative and anti-proliferative effects of dietary levels of phytoestrogens in rat pituitary GH3/B6/F10 cells - the involvement of rapidly activated kinases and caspases by Jeng YJ, Watson CS.(PubMed)