Acute Enteritis, in most cases is defined as a condition of
inflammation of the small intestine as a result of eating and drinking
contaminated water and foods infected by virus and bacteria. But
according to the study by the University Hospital Aintree, chronic
radiation enteritis
is an increasing problem, as more patients receive radiotherapy as part
of their cancer therapy and as the long-term survival of these patients
improves(a). Other study indicated that acute radiation enteritis
is almost inevitable in the curative treatment of malignant tumors of
the abdomen and pelvic area. It is frequently a self-limiting disorder
of intestinal function associated with reversible mucosal changes of the
intestine(b). The prevalence of the disease although is decreasing, it
still affects millions (approx 1 in 83 or 1.20% or 3.3 million people
in USA ) of people in the U.S alone, according to the statistic. Chronic enteritis is a condition of inflammation caused by other health conditions, such as Crohn's or celiac disease.
Preventions
A. The do and do not's list
In case of entertitis outbreak
A.1. The article by All Refer.com health(36) suggested the followings
1. Always wash hands after using the toilet and before eating or preparing food or drink.
2. You may also clean your hands with a 60% alcohol based product.
3. Avoid drinking from unknown sources, such as streams and outdoor wells, without boiling the water first.
4. Use only clean utensils for eating or handling foods, especially when handling eggs and poultry.
5. Cook food completely and properly.Store food appropriately in coolers.
A.2. Others according to the article of Viral Gastroenteritis by
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC)(37) the
following may increase the risk of virural entertitis
1. Touching contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching their mouths.
2. Sharing food, drink, or eating utensils with infected people
3. Eating foods that are contaminated with the virus, such as oysters from contaminated waters
4. Swallowing airborne particles that contain viruses.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
Wednesday, 4 December 2013
Enteritis - Misdiagnosis and diagnosis
Acute Enteritis, in most cases is defined as a condition of
inflammation of the small intestine as a result of eating and drinking
contaminated water and foods infected by virus and bacteria. But
according to the study by the University Hospital Aintree, chronic
radiation enteritis
is an increasing problem, as more patients receive radiotherapy as part
of their cancer therapy and as the long-term survival of these patients
improves(a). Other study indicated that acute radiation enteritis
is almost inevitable in the curative treatment of malignant tumors of
the abdomen and pelvic area. It is frequently a self-limiting disorder
of intestinal function associated with reversible mucosal changes of the
intestine(b). The prevalence of the disease although is decreasing, it
still affects millions (approx 1 in 83 or 1.20% or 3.3 million people
in USA ) of people in the U.S alone, according to the statistic. Chronic enteritis is a condition of inflammation caused by other health conditions, such as Crohn's or celiac disease.
Misdiagnosis and diagnosis
A. Misdiagnosis
1. Primary NK/T cell lymphoma
Primary natural killer (NK) cell like T cell lymphoma of the terminal ileum is extremely rare. It most frequently occurs in the nasal or paranasal areas and less frequently in the skin, the soft tissue, and the gastrointestinal tract. NK/T cell lymphoma involving gastrointestinal tract has characteristic endoscopic features of Inflammatory bowel disease. According to the study by the Hallym University College of Medicine, there is a case of primary NK/T cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as Behcet's enteritis of the terminal ileum colonoscopically and complicated by cecal bleeding and perforation(30).
2. Acute appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of urgent surgery in children. Bacterial enteritis limited to the ileocecal region appears to be responsible for an appreciable number of unnecessary appendectomies. On the other hand, diagnostic errors in appendicitis may delay early appendectomy and result in the formation of appendiceal mass(31).
3. Acute abdomen pain
Enteritis cystica profunda, an uncommon condition, is characterized by nonneoplastic cystic spaces within the wall of the small bowel. The third case of enteritis cystica profunda in children is presented with special emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. This rare entity may mimic acute abdomen and should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis(32).
4. Others
Eosinophilic enteritis is a rare condition of unknown aetiology, although it is generally believed to be due to intestinal allergy. It may mimic peptic ulcer, subacute (or chronic) intestinal obstruction, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. According to the study by, there is a case of Eosinophilic enteritis in a 27 year old woman the symptoms of which appeared within six weeks of childbirth. With repeated episodes of abdominal pain, vomiting, occasional loose stools with weight loss, she was investigated and treated for many weeks in three hospitals without success. All investigations were inconclusive. Finally laparotomy revealed inflamed segments of small bowel, a biopsy of which showed Eosinophilic enteritis. The patient was subsequently treated successfully with Prednisolone(33).
B. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is depending to the underlined causes of the diseases
1. Stool culture
The aim of the test is to identify the bacteria and virus which cause the diseases. According to the study of "New methods for detection of campylobacters in stool samples in comparison to culture" by the University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, current detection in stools is done essentially by culture on selective and nonselective media with filtration. These methods were compared to 2 molecular biology methods, an in-house real-time PCR and a multiplex PCR named Seeplex Diarrhea ACE Detection, and 3 immunoenzymatic methods, Premier Campy, RidaScreen Campylobacter, and ImmunoCard Stat!Campy. Out of 242 stool specimens tested, 23 (9.5%) fulfilled the positivity criteria, i.e., they were positive by one or both culture methods or, in case of a negative culture, by a positive molecular method and a positive immunoenzymatic method. The striking feature of this study is the low sensitivity of culture, in the range of 60%, in contrast to immunoenzymatic and molecular tests(34).
2. [13]C-acetate breath test
[13C]acetate breath test is the measure of gastric emptying of the liquid phase both in liquid and semisolid test meals by simultaneous radioscintigraphy.There is a report of eosinophilic enteritis in which the (13)C-acetate breath test was effective(35).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21694489
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15700692
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9676400
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12744585
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21209172
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22989825
Misdiagnosis and diagnosis
A. Misdiagnosis
1. Primary NK/T cell lymphoma
Primary natural killer (NK) cell like T cell lymphoma of the terminal ileum is extremely rare. It most frequently occurs in the nasal or paranasal areas and less frequently in the skin, the soft tissue, and the gastrointestinal tract. NK/T cell lymphoma involving gastrointestinal tract has characteristic endoscopic features of Inflammatory bowel disease. According to the study by the Hallym University College of Medicine, there is a case of primary NK/T cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as Behcet's enteritis of the terminal ileum colonoscopically and complicated by cecal bleeding and perforation(30).
2. Acute appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of urgent surgery in children. Bacterial enteritis limited to the ileocecal region appears to be responsible for an appreciable number of unnecessary appendectomies. On the other hand, diagnostic errors in appendicitis may delay early appendectomy and result in the formation of appendiceal mass(31).
3. Acute abdomen pain
Enteritis cystica profunda, an uncommon condition, is characterized by nonneoplastic cystic spaces within the wall of the small bowel. The third case of enteritis cystica profunda in children is presented with special emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. This rare entity may mimic acute abdomen and should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis(32).
4. Others
Eosinophilic enteritis is a rare condition of unknown aetiology, although it is generally believed to be due to intestinal allergy. It may mimic peptic ulcer, subacute (or chronic) intestinal obstruction, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. According to the study by, there is a case of Eosinophilic enteritis in a 27 year old woman the symptoms of which appeared within six weeks of childbirth. With repeated episodes of abdominal pain, vomiting, occasional loose stools with weight loss, she was investigated and treated for many weeks in three hospitals without success. All investigations were inconclusive. Finally laparotomy revealed inflamed segments of small bowel, a biopsy of which showed Eosinophilic enteritis. The patient was subsequently treated successfully with Prednisolone(33).
B. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is depending to the underlined causes of the diseases
1. Stool culture
The aim of the test is to identify the bacteria and virus which cause the diseases. According to the study of "New methods for detection of campylobacters in stool samples in comparison to culture" by the University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, current detection in stools is done essentially by culture on selective and nonselective media with filtration. These methods were compared to 2 molecular biology methods, an in-house real-time PCR and a multiplex PCR named Seeplex Diarrhea ACE Detection, and 3 immunoenzymatic methods, Premier Campy, RidaScreen Campylobacter, and ImmunoCard Stat!Campy. Out of 242 stool specimens tested, 23 (9.5%) fulfilled the positivity criteria, i.e., they were positive by one or both culture methods or, in case of a negative culture, by a positive molecular method and a positive immunoenzymatic method. The striking feature of this study is the low sensitivity of culture, in the range of 60%, in contrast to immunoenzymatic and molecular tests(34).
2. [13]C-acetate breath test
[13C]acetate breath test is the measure of gastric emptying of the liquid phase both in liquid and semisolid test meals by simultaneous radioscintigraphy.There is a report of eosinophilic enteritis in which the (13)C-acetate breath test was effective(35).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21694489
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15700692
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9676400
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12744585
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21209172
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22989825
Enteritis - The Complications
Acute Enteritis, in most cases is defined as a condition of
inflammation of the small intestine as a result of eating and drinking
contaminated water and foods infected by virus and bacteria. But
according to the study by the University Hospital Aintree, chronic
radiation enteritis
is an increasing problem, as more patients receive radiotherapy as part
of their cancer therapy and as the long-term survival of these patients
improves(a). Other study indicated that acute radiation enteritis
is almost inevitable in the curative treatment of malignant tumors of
the abdomen and pelvic area. It is frequently a self-limiting disorder
of intestinal function associated with reversible mucosal changes of the
intestine(b). The prevalence of the disease although is decreasing, it
still affects millions (approx 1 in 83 or 1.20% or 3.3 million people
in USA ) of people in the U.S alone, according to the statistic. Chronic enteritis is a condition of inflammation caused by other health conditions, such as Crohn's or celiac disease.
Complications
1. Chronic fatigue syndrome
A waterborne outbreak of Giardia lamblia gastroenteritis led to a high prevalance of long-lasting fatigue and abdominal symptoms. In the study to describe the clinical characteristics, disability and employmentloss in a case series of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) after the infection, showed that in a total of 58 (60%) out of 96 patients with long-lasting post-infectious fatigue after laboratory confirmed giardiasis were diagnosed with CFS. In all, 1262 patients had laboratory confirmed giardiasis(22).
2. Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue
Giardia lamblia is a common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, but there is limited knowledge about the long-term complications. In the study to estimate the relative risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute giardiasis, indicated that Infection with Giardia lamblia in a non-endemic area was associated with a high prevalence of IBS and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute illness.This shows that the potential consequences of giardiasis are more serious than previously known. Further studies are needed, especially in areas where giardiasis is endemic(23).
3. Arthritis symptoms
According to the London Kidney Research Unit, Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, Acute bacterial gastroenteritis necessitating medical attention was associated with a higher risk of arthritic symptoms, but not arthritic medications, up to 4 yrs afterwards(24).
4. Risk of pregnancy-related hypertension
In the study to evaluate the risk of pregnancy-related hypertension (PRH) among previously healthy females from the Walkerton Health Study, Canada (2002-6), who conceived within five years of exposure to bacteria-contaminated drinking water, by the University of Western Ontario, London, indicated that of 148 eligible pregnancies, antenatal audits with blood pressure data were available for 135. PRH was detected in 20.7% pregnancies, of which 6.7% were chronic hypertension and 14.1% gestational hypertension. Although nonsignificant, we observed a consistent trend toward higher rates of PRH and mean arterial pressure, particularly prior to 20 weeks gestation, among women who reported symptomatic gastroenteritis compared to asymptomatic women. BP should be monitored closely in women after exposure to contaminated water(25).
5. Diabetes mellitus
Ingestion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 can cause a spectrum of acute illness, ranging from overt hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), to gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea, to no symptoms. According to the study by the University of Western Ontario, survivors with diarrhea-associated HUS have a significantly increased incidence of diabetes due to complete insulin deficiency, which may recur several years after the initial infection. However, less severe forms of infection, such as E. coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis without overt HUS, do not appear to result in an increased risk of type 2 diabetes(26).
6. Hypertension, Renal impairment, and Self reported cardiovascular disease
In the study to evaluate the risk for hypertension, renal impairment, and cardiovascular disease within eight years of gastroenteritis from drinking water contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter, showed that Gastroenteritis from drinking water contaminated with E coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter was associated with an increased risk for hypertension, renal impairment, and self reported cardiovascular disease. Annual monitoring of blood pressure and periodic monitoring of renal function may be warranted for individuals who experience E coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis(27).
Other study also indicated that acute bacterial gastroenteritis necessitating medical attention was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and reduced kidney function 4 years after infection(28).
7. Celiac disease
According to the study by the McMaster University Medical Centre, CD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent IBS-like symptoms after an episode of infectious gastroenteritis(29).
8. Seizures and even GE encephalopathy
In the study to compare the demographic features, clinical manifestations including the incidence of afebrile seizure, and the outcomes in children with rotavirus and norovirus infections of a data of a retrospective review of children between age 1 month and 6 years admitted to the paediatric department of a regional hospital in Hong Kong with rotavirus and norovirus infections over a period of 3 years from 1 June 2006 to 31 May 2009, found that Afebrile seizure commonly occurred in norovirus infection (8.67% vs. 1.29%, P < 0.001). Children with rotavirus infection had higher temperature and more diarrhoea episodes, while more blood-stained stool was noted in the norovirus group. Rotavirus-infected patients stayed longer in hospital. All of them had full recovery without any complication. Among the 18 patients who developed afebrile convulsions, 17 of them had neuroimaging performed, which was normal. Fourteen of them had electroencephalogram (EEG) performed, demonstrating normal or non-specific findings. None of them developed subsequent seizure attack after the GE episode(29a).
9. Dehydration
According to the Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, From April 2008 to March 2009, 150 patients with a mean (+/-SD) age of 22 (+/-14) months (range = 4 months to 4 years) were enrolled. Fifty-six patients had no dehydration, 74 had some dehydration, and 20 had moderate/severe dehydration. The median LOS in the ED after being seen by a physician was significantly longer as children appeared more dehydrated according to the CDS: 54 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] = 26-175 minutes), 128 minutes (IQR = 25-334 minutes), and 425 minutes (IQR = 218-673 minutes) for the no, some, and moderate/severe dehydration groups, respectively (p < 0.001)(29b).
10. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22316329
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21911849
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923490
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180135
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180134
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21084368
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923490
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637949
(29a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21309881
(29b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624137
Complications
1. Chronic fatigue syndrome
A waterborne outbreak of Giardia lamblia gastroenteritis led to a high prevalance of long-lasting fatigue and abdominal symptoms. In the study to describe the clinical characteristics, disability and employmentloss in a case series of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) after the infection, showed that in a total of 58 (60%) out of 96 patients with long-lasting post-infectious fatigue after laboratory confirmed giardiasis were diagnosed with CFS. In all, 1262 patients had laboratory confirmed giardiasis(22).
2. Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue
Giardia lamblia is a common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, but there is limited knowledge about the long-term complications. In the study to estimate the relative risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute giardiasis, indicated that Infection with Giardia lamblia in a non-endemic area was associated with a high prevalence of IBS and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute illness.This shows that the potential consequences of giardiasis are more serious than previously known. Further studies are needed, especially in areas where giardiasis is endemic(23).
3. Arthritis symptoms
According to the London Kidney Research Unit, Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, Acute bacterial gastroenteritis necessitating medical attention was associated with a higher risk of arthritic symptoms, but not arthritic medications, up to 4 yrs afterwards(24).
4. Risk of pregnancy-related hypertension
In the study to evaluate the risk of pregnancy-related hypertension (PRH) among previously healthy females from the Walkerton Health Study, Canada (2002-6), who conceived within five years of exposure to bacteria-contaminated drinking water, by the University of Western Ontario, London, indicated that of 148 eligible pregnancies, antenatal audits with blood pressure data were available for 135. PRH was detected in 20.7% pregnancies, of which 6.7% were chronic hypertension and 14.1% gestational hypertension. Although nonsignificant, we observed a consistent trend toward higher rates of PRH and mean arterial pressure, particularly prior to 20 weeks gestation, among women who reported symptomatic gastroenteritis compared to asymptomatic women. BP should be monitored closely in women after exposure to contaminated water(25).
5. Diabetes mellitus
Ingestion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 can cause a spectrum of acute illness, ranging from overt hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), to gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea, to no symptoms. According to the study by the University of Western Ontario, survivors with diarrhea-associated HUS have a significantly increased incidence of diabetes due to complete insulin deficiency, which may recur several years after the initial infection. However, less severe forms of infection, such as E. coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis without overt HUS, do not appear to result in an increased risk of type 2 diabetes(26).
6. Hypertension, Renal impairment, and Self reported cardiovascular disease
In the study to evaluate the risk for hypertension, renal impairment, and cardiovascular disease within eight years of gastroenteritis from drinking water contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter, showed that Gastroenteritis from drinking water contaminated with E coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter was associated with an increased risk for hypertension, renal impairment, and self reported cardiovascular disease. Annual monitoring of blood pressure and periodic monitoring of renal function may be warranted for individuals who experience E coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis(27).
Other study also indicated that acute bacterial gastroenteritis necessitating medical attention was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and reduced kidney function 4 years after infection(28).
7. Celiac disease
According to the study by the McMaster University Medical Centre, CD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent IBS-like symptoms after an episode of infectious gastroenteritis(29).
8. Seizures and even GE encephalopathy
In the study to compare the demographic features, clinical manifestations including the incidence of afebrile seizure, and the outcomes in children with rotavirus and norovirus infections of a data of a retrospective review of children between age 1 month and 6 years admitted to the paediatric department of a regional hospital in Hong Kong with rotavirus and norovirus infections over a period of 3 years from 1 June 2006 to 31 May 2009, found that Afebrile seizure commonly occurred in norovirus infection (8.67% vs. 1.29%, P < 0.001). Children with rotavirus infection had higher temperature and more diarrhoea episodes, while more blood-stained stool was noted in the norovirus group. Rotavirus-infected patients stayed longer in hospital. All of them had full recovery without any complication. Among the 18 patients who developed afebrile convulsions, 17 of them had neuroimaging performed, which was normal. Fourteen of them had electroencephalogram (EEG) performed, demonstrating normal or non-specific findings. None of them developed subsequent seizure attack after the GE episode(29a).
9. Dehydration
According to the Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, From April 2008 to March 2009, 150 patients with a mean (+/-SD) age of 22 (+/-14) months (range = 4 months to 4 years) were enrolled. Fifty-six patients had no dehydration, 74 had some dehydration, and 20 had moderate/severe dehydration. The median LOS in the ED after being seen by a physician was significantly longer as children appeared more dehydrated according to the CDS: 54 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] = 26-175 minutes), 128 minutes (IQR = 25-334 minutes), and 425 minutes (IQR = 218-673 minutes) for the no, some, and moderate/severe dehydration groups, respectively (p < 0.001)(29b).
10. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22316329
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21911849
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923490
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180135
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180134
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21084368
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923490
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637949
(29a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21309881
(29b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624137
Enteritis - Diseases associated to Entetitis
Acute Enteritis, in most cases is defined as a condition of
inflammation of the small intestine as a result of eating and drinking
contaminated water and foods infected by virus and bacteria. But
according to the study by the University Hospital Aintree, chronic
radiation enteritis
is an increasing problem, as more patients receive radiotherapy as part
of their cancer therapy and as the long-term survival of these patients
improves(a). Other study indicated that acute radiation enteritis
is almost inevitable in the curative treatment of malignant tumors of
the abdomen and pelvic area. It is frequently a self-limiting disorder
of intestinal function associated with reversible mucosal changes of the
intestine(b). The prevalence of the disease although is decreasing, it
still affects millions (approx 1 in 83 or 1.20% or 3.3 million people
in USA ) of people in the U.S alone, according to the statistic. Chronic enteritis is a condition of inflammation caused by other health conditions, such as Crohn's or celiac disease.
Diseases associated to Entetitis
1. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (PI-FGID)
A Giardia outbreak was associated with development of post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders (PI-FGID) and chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-CFS). According to the study by the University of Bergen, Patients with PI-CFS and/or PI-FGID 5 years after Giardia lamblia infection showed alterations in NK-cell and CD8-cell populations suggesting a possible immunological abnormality in these conditions(18).
2. Small bowel perforation
There is a report of a case of Cytomegalovirus ileitis with multiple small bowel perforations in a young man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The patient developed abdominal pain with diarrhea and fever, and eventually acute abdomen with pneumoperitoneum(19).
3. Severe intraluminal hemorrhage
There is a report of 4 9-month-old Simmental male calves were presented with a history of sudden death. The necropsy and microscopic findings allowed a diagnosis of enteritis and severe intraluminal hemorrhage with blood clots in the jejunum, suggestive of jejunal hemorrhage syndrome, according to the study by Institute of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade(20).
4. Chronic and recurrent occlusion events and multiple small intestinal ulcers
Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis is a rare idiopathic disease of the small bowel. According to the study by Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, College of Medicine Seoul, there is a case of a 44-year-old man complained of recurrent colicky abdominal pain and dizziness. A small-bowel series revealed severe strictures and the capsule was retained in the stenotic focus without obstructive symptoms. Small bowel segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed, and the histologic examination indicated cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis. Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis should be considered in cases of chronic or recurrent occlusion events and multiple small intestinal ulcers and strictures of unknown origin(21).
5. Hypereosinophilic syndrome
Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of eosinophils in the bone marrow with persistent peripheral eosinophilia, associated with organ damage by the release of eosinophilic mediators. Although HES can involve multiple organ systems, GI tract involvement is very rare. Few cases of HES presenting with gastritis or enteritis have been reported worldwide(21a).
6. Systemic lupus erythematosus
There is a reprot of a 38-year-old Persian Iranian woman admitted with a five-month history of diarrhea and abdominal pain. A physical examination showed nothing abnormal. Initially, she had only lymphopenia and mild eosinophilia. No autoimmune or infectious etiology was detected to justify these abnormalities. A thorough evaluation was not helpful in finding the etiology, until she developed a scalp lesion similar to discoid lupus erythematosus. Computed tomography showed small bowel wall thickening. Briefly, she manifested full-blown SLE, and it was revealed that the diarrhea was caused by eosinophilic enteritis, according to the study by Tehran University of Medical Sciences(21b)
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23061432
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379792
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22851779
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23012673
(21a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22900215
(21b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21702974
Diseases associated to Entetitis
1. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (PI-FGID)
A Giardia outbreak was associated with development of post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders (PI-FGID) and chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-CFS). According to the study by the University of Bergen, Patients with PI-CFS and/or PI-FGID 5 years after Giardia lamblia infection showed alterations in NK-cell and CD8-cell populations suggesting a possible immunological abnormality in these conditions(18).
2. Small bowel perforation
There is a report of a case of Cytomegalovirus ileitis with multiple small bowel perforations in a young man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The patient developed abdominal pain with diarrhea and fever, and eventually acute abdomen with pneumoperitoneum(19).
3. Severe intraluminal hemorrhage
There is a report of 4 9-month-old Simmental male calves were presented with a history of sudden death. The necropsy and microscopic findings allowed a diagnosis of enteritis and severe intraluminal hemorrhage with blood clots in the jejunum, suggestive of jejunal hemorrhage syndrome, according to the study by Institute of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade(20).
4. Chronic and recurrent occlusion events and multiple small intestinal ulcers
Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis is a rare idiopathic disease of the small bowel. According to the study by Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, College of Medicine Seoul, there is a case of a 44-year-old man complained of recurrent colicky abdominal pain and dizziness. A small-bowel series revealed severe strictures and the capsule was retained in the stenotic focus without obstructive symptoms. Small bowel segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed, and the histologic examination indicated cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis. Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis should be considered in cases of chronic or recurrent occlusion events and multiple small intestinal ulcers and strictures of unknown origin(21).
5. Hypereosinophilic syndrome
Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of eosinophils in the bone marrow with persistent peripheral eosinophilia, associated with organ damage by the release of eosinophilic mediators. Although HES can involve multiple organ systems, GI tract involvement is very rare. Few cases of HES presenting with gastritis or enteritis have been reported worldwide(21a).
6. Systemic lupus erythematosus
There is a reprot of a 38-year-old Persian Iranian woman admitted with a five-month history of diarrhea and abdominal pain. A physical examination showed nothing abnormal. Initially, she had only lymphopenia and mild eosinophilia. No autoimmune or infectious etiology was detected to justify these abnormalities. A thorough evaluation was not helpful in finding the etiology, until she developed a scalp lesion similar to discoid lupus erythematosus. Computed tomography showed small bowel wall thickening. Briefly, she manifested full-blown SLE, and it was revealed that the diarrhea was caused by eosinophilic enteritis, according to the study by Tehran University of Medical Sciences(21b)
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23061432
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379792
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22851779
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23012673
(21a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22900215
(21b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21702974
Enteritis - The Risk Factors
Acute Enteritis, in most cases is defined as a condition of
inflammation of the small intestine as a result of eating and drinking
contaminated water and foods infected by virus and bacteria. But
according to the study by the University Hospital Aintree, chronic
radiation enteritis
is an increasing problem, as more patients receive radiotherapy as part
of their cancer therapy and as the long-term survival of these patients
improves(a). Other study indicated that acute radiation enteritis
is almost inevitable in the curative treatment of malignant tumors of
the abdomen and pelvic area. It is frequently a self-limiting disorder
of intestinal function associated with reversible mucosal changes of the
intestine(b). The prevalence of the disease although is decreasing, it
still affects millions (approx 1 in 83 or 1.20% or 3.3 million people
in USA ) of people in the U.S alone, according to the statistic. Chronic enteritis is a condition of inflammation caused by other health conditions, such as Crohn's or celiac disease.
Risk Factors
1. Intestinal illness
People who have a family memeber with intestinal illness are at increased risk to develop gastroenteritis.In the study to evaluate risk factors for childhood hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and gastroenteritis during an epidemic of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, showed that Patients with HUS and those with uncomplicated E. coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis differed only on measures of clinical severity. In the 7 days before the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms, children with HUS and those with uncomplicated gastroenteritis were more likely to have been exposed to a family member with diarrhea than were the healthy control subjects (odds ratio = 9 for HUS vs healthy control subjects; 95% confidence interval 2 to 43; p < 0.01)(13).
2. Undercooked ground meat and foods
Undercooked ground meat and foods traditionally consumed by the Inuit were not implicated as risk factors in E. coli O157:H7 infection(14).
3. Environmental risk
Campylobacter is a common cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis characterized by multiple environmental sources and transmission pathways. According to the study, regional characteristics associated with an increased regional risk of campylobacteriosis, for at least some geographical units, were high ruminant density, high poultry density, high population density, and presence of a large poultry slaughterhouse, whereas a reduction in risk was associated with a lower percentage of people with diplomas, a lower level of precipitation, and warmer temperature. Two clusters of elevated residual risk were observed, with different location and size depending on the geographical unit used(15).
4. Biologically plausible risk
In the study to to evaluate whether the increase in incidence of campylobacteriosis observed in humans in Norway from 1995 to 2001 was statistically significant and whether different biologically plausible risk factors were associated with the incidence of campylobacteriosis in the different counties in Norway, found that treated water was a protective factor against Campylobacter infections in humans with an IRR of 0.78 per percentage increase in people supplied. Campylobacter infections did not appear to be clustered in any particular county in Norway(16).
5. Immune dysfunction
Immune system is responsible in fighting against invasion of bacteria and virus. Cytomegalovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract is common and is more often seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)(17).
6. Aging
Elderly are more susceptible to bacterial and virus infection and inflammation, as a result of weakened immune system.
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8283372
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8283372
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23173982
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16827925
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379792
Risk Factors
1. Intestinal illness
People who have a family memeber with intestinal illness are at increased risk to develop gastroenteritis.In the study to evaluate risk factors for childhood hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and gastroenteritis during an epidemic of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, showed that Patients with HUS and those with uncomplicated E. coli O157:H7 gastroenteritis differed only on measures of clinical severity. In the 7 days before the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms, children with HUS and those with uncomplicated gastroenteritis were more likely to have been exposed to a family member with diarrhea than were the healthy control subjects (odds ratio = 9 for HUS vs healthy control subjects; 95% confidence interval 2 to 43; p < 0.01)(13).
2. Undercooked ground meat and foods
Undercooked ground meat and foods traditionally consumed by the Inuit were not implicated as risk factors in E. coli O157:H7 infection(14).
3. Environmental risk
Campylobacter is a common cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis characterized by multiple environmental sources and transmission pathways. According to the study, regional characteristics associated with an increased regional risk of campylobacteriosis, for at least some geographical units, were high ruminant density, high poultry density, high population density, and presence of a large poultry slaughterhouse, whereas a reduction in risk was associated with a lower percentage of people with diplomas, a lower level of precipitation, and warmer temperature. Two clusters of elevated residual risk were observed, with different location and size depending on the geographical unit used(15).
4. Biologically plausible risk
In the study to to evaluate whether the increase in incidence of campylobacteriosis observed in humans in Norway from 1995 to 2001 was statistically significant and whether different biologically plausible risk factors were associated with the incidence of campylobacteriosis in the different counties in Norway, found that treated water was a protective factor against Campylobacter infections in humans with an IRR of 0.78 per percentage increase in people supplied. Campylobacter infections did not appear to be clustered in any particular county in Norway(16).
5. Immune dysfunction
Immune system is responsible in fighting against invasion of bacteria and virus. Cytomegalovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract is common and is more often seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)(17).
6. Aging
Elderly are more susceptible to bacterial and virus infection and inflammation, as a result of weakened immune system.
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8283372
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8283372
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23173982
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16827925
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379792
Enteritis - The Causes
Acute Enteritis, in most cases is defined as a condition of
inflammation of the small intestine as a result of eating and drinking
contaminated water and foods infected by virus and bacteria. But
according to the study by the University Hospital Aintree, chronic
radiation enteritis
is an increasing problem, as more patients receive radiotherapy as part
of their cancer therapy and as the long-term survival of these patients
improves(a). Other study indicated that acute radiation enteritis
is almost inevitable in the curative treatment of malignant tumors of
the abdomen and pelvic area. It is frequently a self-limiting disorder
of intestinal function associated with reversible mucosal changes of the
intestine(b). The prevalence of the disease although is decreasing, it
still affects millions (approx 1 in 83 or 1.20% or 3.3 million people
in USA ) of people in the U.S alone, according to the statistic. Chronic enteritis is a condition of inflammation caused by other health conditions, such as Crohn's or celiac disease.
Causes
1. Radiation-induced enteritis
Radiation enteritis is a severe problem in patients receiving irradiation of the abdomen or pelvis in the course of cancer treatment. According to the study by Fovárosi Onkormányzat Uzsoki Utcai Kórház Onkoradiológiai Központ Budapest Uzsoki u. 29. 1145, during the radiotherapy of tumors in the minor pelvis and abdomen intestinal inflammation of different degree may occur even if special attention is paid. Irradiation to the minor pelvis causes in half of the cases radiation induced acute enteritis, whereas in 25% chronic enteritis and colitis will develop(6).
2. Virus
Certain virus can induce entertitis including Cytomegalovirus and Norovirus. The Norovirus causes severe gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization especially in children less than five years of age both in developed and developing countries, according to the study to investigate the incidence of norovirus (NoV) in 0-5 years old children with acute gastroenteritis in two large hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Stool samples were obtained from 1000 (413 female, 587 male) children between 0-5 years old with acute gastroenteritis by Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey, indicated that NoV detection rate was highest in 2007 (18.4%) and in 2009 (18%), and the difference regarding ELISA positivity among the study years was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalences of norovirus infection in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 13.8%, 17.7%, 14.7% and 11.2%, respectively. Therefore no seasonal variation was found in the incidence of norovirus infection. However when the monthly prevalence was analyzed, a statistically significant difference was found (p< 0.05) between the rate of norovirus infection in july (24.2%) and december (4.1%)(7).
3. Bacteria
Escherichia coli are ubiquitous bacteria from a wide variety of ecosystems including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. E. coli can play a role as an opportunistic bacteria causing a variety of infectious diseases including, among many others, sepsis, urinary tract infections, meningitis, and wound infections. Moreover, these bacteria can also act as primary pathogens in the intestinal tract, according to the study by Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España(8).
4. Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is often considered an autoimmune condition, based on the observations of a histopathological inflammatory process in the absence of identifiable causal microorganism(s) and that immune-modulating therapeutics result in diminished host-directed inflammatory pathology(9). Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis is a rare idiopathic disease of the small bowel, according to the study by, there is a report of a 44-year-old man complained of recurrent colicky abdominal pain and dizziness. Laboratory tests indicated iron-deficiency anemia. There was no evidence of bleeding on esophagogastroduodenoscopic and colonofiberscopic examination. With capsule endoscopy, multiple mucosal ulcers were visualized in the jejunoileal area. A small-bowel series revealed severe strictures and the capsule was retained in the stenotic focus without obstructive symptoms. Small bowel segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed, and the histologic examination indicated cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis(10).
5. Medication such as proton pump inhibitors
Gastric acid is a defense mechanism against gastrointestinal infections caused by ingested bacteria. According to the study by Centro Español de Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica, Madrid, Spain, gastric acid suppression induced by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) but not H2RAs is associated with an increased risk of Campylobacter and Salmonella GE(11).
6. Drugs
There is a report of a 25-year-old woman who was hospitalized repeatedly during a 5-year period due to abdominal pain, change in stool pattern, high CRP and leucocytosis. A thorough interview revealed a recreational use of cocaine, and diary recordings confirmed the association between her abdominal pain and cocaine use(12).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(5b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19758501
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20739262
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390907
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178502
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23256761
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23012673
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18054750
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19758501
Causes
1. Radiation-induced enteritis
Radiation enteritis is a severe problem in patients receiving irradiation of the abdomen or pelvis in the course of cancer treatment. According to the study by Fovárosi Onkormányzat Uzsoki Utcai Kórház Onkoradiológiai Központ Budapest Uzsoki u. 29. 1145, during the radiotherapy of tumors in the minor pelvis and abdomen intestinal inflammation of different degree may occur even if special attention is paid. Irradiation to the minor pelvis causes in half of the cases radiation induced acute enteritis, whereas in 25% chronic enteritis and colitis will develop(6).
2. Virus
Certain virus can induce entertitis including Cytomegalovirus and Norovirus. The Norovirus causes severe gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization especially in children less than five years of age both in developed and developing countries, according to the study to investigate the incidence of norovirus (NoV) in 0-5 years old children with acute gastroenteritis in two large hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Stool samples were obtained from 1000 (413 female, 587 male) children between 0-5 years old with acute gastroenteritis by Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey, indicated that NoV detection rate was highest in 2007 (18.4%) and in 2009 (18%), and the difference regarding ELISA positivity among the study years was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalences of norovirus infection in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 13.8%, 17.7%, 14.7% and 11.2%, respectively. Therefore no seasonal variation was found in the incidence of norovirus infection. However when the monthly prevalence was analyzed, a statistically significant difference was found (p< 0.05) between the rate of norovirus infection in july (24.2%) and december (4.1%)(7).
3. Bacteria
Escherichia coli are ubiquitous bacteria from a wide variety of ecosystems including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. E. coli can play a role as an opportunistic bacteria causing a variety of infectious diseases including, among many others, sepsis, urinary tract infections, meningitis, and wound infections. Moreover, these bacteria can also act as primary pathogens in the intestinal tract, according to the study by Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España(8).
4. Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is often considered an autoimmune condition, based on the observations of a histopathological inflammatory process in the absence of identifiable causal microorganism(s) and that immune-modulating therapeutics result in diminished host-directed inflammatory pathology(9). Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis is a rare idiopathic disease of the small bowel, according to the study by, there is a report of a 44-year-old man complained of recurrent colicky abdominal pain and dizziness. Laboratory tests indicated iron-deficiency anemia. There was no evidence of bleeding on esophagogastroduodenoscopic and colonofiberscopic examination. With capsule endoscopy, multiple mucosal ulcers were visualized in the jejunoileal area. A small-bowel series revealed severe strictures and the capsule was retained in the stenotic focus without obstructive symptoms. Small bowel segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed, and the histologic examination indicated cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis(10).
5. Medication such as proton pump inhibitors
Gastric acid is a defense mechanism against gastrointestinal infections caused by ingested bacteria. According to the study by Centro Español de Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica, Madrid, Spain, gastric acid suppression induced by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) but not H2RAs is associated with an increased risk of Campylobacter and Salmonella GE(11).
6. Drugs
There is a report of a 25-year-old woman who was hospitalized repeatedly during a 5-year period due to abdominal pain, change in stool pattern, high CRP and leucocytosis. A thorough interview revealed a recreational use of cocaine, and diary recordings confirmed the association between her abdominal pain and cocaine use(12).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(5b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19758501
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20739262
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390907
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178502
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23256761
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23012673
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18054750
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19758501
Enteritis - The Symptoms
Acute Enteritis, in most cases is defined as a condition of
inflammation of the small intestine as a result of eating and drinking
contaminated water and foods infected by virus and bacteria. But
according to the study by the University Hospital Aintree, chronic
radiation enteritis
is an increasing problem, as more patients receive radiotherapy as part
of their cancer therapy and as the long-term survival of these patients
improves(a). Other study indicated that acute radiation enteritis
is almost inevitable in the curative treatment of malignant tumors of
the abdomen and pelvic area. It is frequently a self-limiting disorder
of intestinal function associated with reversible mucosal changes of the
intestine(b). The prevalence of the disease although is decreasing, it
still affects millions (approx 1 in 83 or 1.20% or 3.3 million people
in USA ) of people in the U.S alone, according to the statistic. Chronic enteritis is a condition of inflammation caused by other health conditions, such as Crohn's or celiac disease.
Symptoms
1. Abdomen Pain, diahrrea and fever
There is a report of a case of Cytomegalovirus ileitis with multiple small bowel perforations in a young man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The patient developed abdominal pain with diarrhea and fever, and eventually acute abdomen with pneumoperitoneum(1).
2. Post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms
Some patients with Severity of Giardia infection after treatment may be experience Post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms. According to the study by Haukeland University Hospital, Protracted and severe giardiasis seemed to be a risk factor for post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms two years after clearing the Giardia infection(2).
3. Bloating, Iron and vitamin deficiency
Patient with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis may be experioence with symptoms of persistent diarrhea, new-onset bloating and the development of iron and vitamin deficiencies.
There is a report of a young woman with no previous gastrointestinal complaints who was initially diagnosed with postinfective irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after a confirmed case of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. However, because of persistent diarrhea, new-onset bloating and the development of iron and vitamin deficiencies(3).
4. Hematochezia
Hematochezia is defined as a condition of passing fresh blood through the anus and in or with stools. In most cases it is caused by the bleeding of lower gastrointestine.
5. Dizziness
Patient with cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis, may be experiencerecurrent colicky abdominal pain and dizziness(4).
6. Acute intestinal obstruction or perforation
Although Acute intestinal obstruction or perforationare rare in patient with enteritis. There is a report of a case of a case of eosinophilic enteritis, hitherto unreported, presenting as an ileal obstruction, and followed by jejunal bleeding, which was visualized by capsule endoscopy. A 62-year-old man received a 15 cm single segmental ileal resection at a point 50 cm from the IC valve due to symptoms of obstruction, which were diagnosed as eosinophilic enteritis(5).
7. Constipation
There is a report of a case of mucosal Eosinophilic gastroenteris (EG) presenting as constipation and abdominal pain in a 43 year old female. EG should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with constipation and abdominal pain and can easily be diagnosed with mucosal biopsies and treated with steroid therapy(5a).
8. Others
Patients may be also experience to symptoms of loss of appetite, dehydration, vomiting, thirst, change in stool pattern, high CRP and leucocytosisetc, etc(5b).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379792
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20003489
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637949
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23012673
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15906955
(5a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22803505
(5b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19758501
Symptoms
1. Abdomen Pain, diahrrea and fever
There is a report of a case of Cytomegalovirus ileitis with multiple small bowel perforations in a young man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The patient developed abdominal pain with diarrhea and fever, and eventually acute abdomen with pneumoperitoneum(1).
2. Post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms
Some patients with Severity of Giardia infection after treatment may be experience Post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms. According to the study by Haukeland University Hospital, Protracted and severe giardiasis seemed to be a risk factor for post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms two years after clearing the Giardia infection(2).
3. Bloating, Iron and vitamin deficiency
Patient with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis may be experioence with symptoms of persistent diarrhea, new-onset bloating and the development of iron and vitamin deficiencies.
There is a report of a young woman with no previous gastrointestinal complaints who was initially diagnosed with postinfective irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after a confirmed case of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. However, because of persistent diarrhea, new-onset bloating and the development of iron and vitamin deficiencies(3).
4. Hematochezia
Hematochezia is defined as a condition of passing fresh blood through the anus and in or with stools. In most cases it is caused by the bleeding of lower gastrointestine.
5. Dizziness
Patient with cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis, may be experiencerecurrent colicky abdominal pain and dizziness(4).
6. Acute intestinal obstruction or perforation
Although Acute intestinal obstruction or perforationare rare in patient with enteritis. There is a report of a case of a case of eosinophilic enteritis, hitherto unreported, presenting as an ileal obstruction, and followed by jejunal bleeding, which was visualized by capsule endoscopy. A 62-year-old man received a 15 cm single segmental ileal resection at a point 50 cm from the IC valve due to symptoms of obstruction, which were diagnosed as eosinophilic enteritis(5).
7. Constipation
There is a report of a case of mucosal Eosinophilic gastroenteris (EG) presenting as constipation and abdominal pain in a 43 year old female. EG should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with constipation and abdominal pain and can easily be diagnosed with mucosal biopsies and treated with steroid therapy(5a).
8. Others
Patients may be also experience to symptoms of loss of appetite, dehydration, vomiting, thirst, change in stool pattern, high CRP and leucocytosisetc, etc(5b).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379792
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20003489
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637949
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23012673
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15906955
(5a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22803505
(5b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19758501
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