Upper head hemorrhaging: Cerebral hemorrhage - The Causes

Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood vessels or through the skin.
Cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral hemorrhage, a sub type of intracranial hemorrhage, is defined as a condition of  bleeding as a result of artery bursts in the brain, considered as one of the main cause of stroke, according to the research article of Endoscopic management of hypertensive intraventricular haemorrhage with obstructive hydrocephalus(1).
Causes
a.  Penetrating head trauma
Patients receiving warfarin or clopidogrel are considered at increased risk for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage after blunt head trauma. In a study of a total of 1,064 patients were enrolled (768 warfarin patients [72.2%] and 296 clopidogrel patients [27.8%]). There were 364 patients (34.2%) from Level I or II trauma centers and 700 patients (65.8%) from community hospitals. One thousand patients received a cranial CT scan in the ED. Both warfarin and clopidogrel groups had similar demographic and clinical characteristics, although concomitant aspirin use was more prevalent among patients receiving clopidogrel. The prevalence of immediate traumatic intracranial hemorrhage was higher in patients receiving clopidogrel (33/276, 12.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4% to 16.4%) than patients receiving warfarin (37/724, 5.1%; 95% CI 3.6% to 7.0%), relative risk 2.31 (95% CI 1.48 to 3.63). Delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage was identified in 4 of 687 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.2% to 1.5%) patients receiving warfarin and 0 of 243 (0%; 95% CI 0% to 1.5%) patients receiving clopidogrel(2).

b. Amyloid angiopathy
In the review of neuropathologic studies suggestion of an association between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and small ischemic infarctions as well as hemorrhages by analyzing MR images from 78 subjects with a diagnosis of probable CAA and a similar aged group of 55 subjects with Alzheimer disease or mild cognitive impairment (AD/MCI) for comparison. DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were inspected for acute or subacute infarcts, showed that MRI evidence of small subacute infarcts is present in a substantial proportion of living patients with advanced cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The presence of these lesions is associated with a higher burden of hemorrhages, but not with conventional vascular risk factors(3).

c. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is defined as a rare condition of stroke as a result  from thrombosis (a blood clot) of the dural venous sinuses. There is a report of a A 65-year-old man presented with right hemiparesis and loss of consciousness. Brain computed tomography showed a left frontoparietal hemorrhage. Angiographic studies with magnetic resonance imaging showed the presence of a partial superior saggital sinus thrombosis. With a diagnosis of CVST, intravenous heparin was administered. After 24 hours the patient had a symptomatic increase in ICH size, and 2 days later the patient developed a status epilepticus with new evidence of rebleeding. Anticoagulant treatment was stopped and the patient experienced neurological improvement, with no new episodes of rebleeding(4).

d. Infection of Streptococcus mutans
Infection with Streptococcus mutans expressing collagen-binding protein (CBP) is a potential risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke(5).

e. Fetal cytomegalovirus infection
There is a report of a 38-year-old gravida 3, para 2 at 16 weeks of gestation who underwent ultrasound examination for anomaly screening. The scan revealed an extensive irregular echogenic area in the fetal brain, especially at the level of lateral ventricles, suggestive of intraventricular and cerebral hemorrhage due to intrauterine cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection(6).

e. Cerebral Aneurysms
  Cerebral aneurysm is defined as a cerebrovascular disorder causes of the blood vessel to bulge or balloon out of the wall of a blood vessel as a result of the weaken of blood vessels and veins and occurred mostly at the bifurcations and branches of the large arteries located at the Circle of Willis. It can burst and cause bleeding into the brain(5) leading to Intracranial hemorrhage(7)

f. Brain Arteriovenous malformations
 Brain Arteriovenous malformations is defined as a condition of abnormal connection between veins and arteries, with a high rate of bleeding into the brain usually congenital.

g.  Etc.

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca  

Sources
(1) http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/7/1
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22626015
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19349602
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21712666
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952219
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417974
(7) http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/cerebral-aneurysm.html

Upper head hemorrhaging: Intracranial hemorrhage - The Treatments

Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood vessels or through the skin.
Intracranial hemorrhage
 Intracranial hemorrhage is defined as condition of bleeding within the skull.
D.1.1. Types of Intracranial hemorrhage
In the study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of head ultrasound (HUS) in the detection of intracranial hemorrhage in premature neonates compared with brain MRI using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), showed that Ultrasound (US) and MRI scans of the brain using SWI in premature neonates were retrospectively evaluated for grade I-III germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), intra-axial hemorrhage other than PVHI, extra-axial hemorrhage in each cerebral hemisphere and cerebellar hemorrhage in each cerebellar hemisphere(1).
1. Intra-axial hemorrhage (cerebral hemorrhage)
Intra-axial hemorrhage is defined as a condition of  bleeding in the brain itself, including bleeding of the brain tissues and ventricles,

2. Extra-axial hemorrhage
Extra-axial hemorrhage is defined as a condition of skull bleeding outside of the brain
Treatments 
Treatments of Intracranial hemorrhage are completely depending to diseases of differentiation
1. Medication
a. Antihypertensive therapy
In the study of the efficacy of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for ultra-early, intentional antihypertensive therapy in intracerebral hemorrhage, showed that there are clinical benefits, by the prevention of subsequent HE, in maintaining a MAP level lower than that recommended by the the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) (110 mm Hg) after hospitalization for patients who have intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)(19).

b. Factor VII
Factor VII is a protein that causes blood to clot. Several studies have demonstrated successful correction of the international normalized ratio (INR) using prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) or recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). To our knowledge, no study has directly compared these agents for treatment of warfarin-related ICH(20).

c. Mannitol and hypertonic saline
In the study to develop effective strategies for the medical treatment of ICP in cases of ICH, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of mannitol and hypertonic saline in a canine model of ICH, found that
hypertonic saline, in both 3 and 23.4% concentrations, is as effective as mannitol in the treatment of intracranial hypertension observed in association with ICH. Hypertonic saline may have a longer duration of action, particularly when used in 3% solution. None of three treatment regimens influence regional cerebral blood flow or cerebral metabolism(21).

d. Acetaminophen to relieve the symptoms of  headache and  body temperature.

e. Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids, a synthetic drug and closely resemble cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal glands may be used in case of hypertensives and swelling.

f. Etc.

2. Non medical treatments
a. In case of intracranial pressure, placement of intracranial pressure monitors (The intracranial pressure (ICP) is monitored and ICP also can be lowered by draining cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) out through the catheter) by non-neurosurgeons: Excellent outcomes can be achieved. Placement of ICP monitors may be performed safely by both neurosurgeons and non-neurosurgeons. This procedure should thus be considered a core skill for trauma surgeons and surgical residents alike, thereby allowing initiation of prompt medical treatment in both rural areas and trauma centers with inadequate neurosurgeon or fellow coverage, according to the study by Department of Trauma Services, Via Christi Hospital on Saint Francis (J.M.H.(22).

3. Surgery
"Currently, most neurosurgeons in the UK would operate on patients with a deteriorating conscious level and a worsening neurological deficit. In addition, haematomas between 20—80 ml in volume are more likely to be operated upon as are lobar/superficial haematomas. With cerebellar haemorrhage, although there are again no randomized controlled trials comparing surgical and conservative treatment, there seems to be greater agreement that hematomas greater than 3—4 cm should be operated upon, especially when there is concomitant clinical deterioration or hydrocephalus", according to the study of Surgical treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage by University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (23).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca  
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20541417?dopt=Abstract
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21492631
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232539
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22929484
(23) http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/2/444.full.pdf 

Upper head hemorrhaging: Intracranial hemorrhage - The Diagnosis

Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood vessels or through the skin.
Intracranial hemorrhage
 Intracranial hemorrhage is defined as condition of bleeding within the skull.
D.1.1. Types of Intracranial hemorrhage
In the study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of head ultrasound (HUS) in the detection of intracranial hemorrhage in premature neonates compared with brain MRI using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), showed that Ultrasound (US) and MRI scans of the brain using SWI in premature neonates were retrospectively evaluated for grade I-III germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), intra-axial hemorrhage other than PVHI, extra-axial hemorrhage in each cerebral hemisphere and cerebellar hemorrhage in each cerebellar hemisphere(1).
1. Intra-axial hemorrhage (cerebral hemorrhage)
Intra-axial hemorrhage is defined as a condition of  bleeding in the brain itself, including bleeding of the brain tissues and ventricles,

2. Extra-axial hemorrhage
Extra-axial hemorrhage is defined as a condition of skull bleeding outside of the brain
Diagnosis
After a complete physical and history examination, the tests which your doctor may order include
1. Computed tomography (CT)
Computed tomography (CT) is the standard diagnostic tool uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of structures inside the skull to check for fractures and bleeding, specially in case of trauma. Scheduled repeat head computed tomography after mild traumatic brain injury has been shown to have limited use for predicting the need for an intervention. We hypothesized that repeat computed tomography in persons with intracranial hemorrhage and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13 to 15, without clinical progression of neurologic symptoms, does not impact the need for neurosurgical intervention or discharge GCS scores, according to the study by The University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center(16).

2.  Lumbar puncture 
If the CT is negative for bleeding, lumbar puncture or a spinal tap may be necessary to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to check for the presence of blood. There is a report of two cases of spinal epidural hematoma and two cases of intracranial subdural hematoma after lumbar puncture (LP) are reported in children receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The bleeding was asymptomatic but interfered with treatment in one case, and caused either severe backache or headache but no neurological deficit in the other three patients(17).

3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be helpful  in detecting structural abnormalities of the body to determine the extent of injury to the brain. 

4. Arteriography
In case a ruptured aneurysm is suspected, arteriography, a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels to pinpoint the location of the ruptured aneurysm. 

5. Other tests may be necessary, depending to conditions of the patient and suspection of the doctor.
Some researchers suggested (in case of ttrauma and absence of trauma) that ICH is diagnosed through history, physical examination, and, most commonly, noncontrast CT examination of the brain, which discloses the anatomic bleeding location. Trauma is a common cause. In the absence of trauma, spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage is a common cause associated with hypertension when found in the deep locations such as the basal ganglia, pons, or caudate nucleus(18).

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca  
Sources
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22929497
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16155928
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22284061 

Upper head hemorrhaging: Intracranial hemorrhage - The Symptoms and Risk Factors

Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood vessels or through the skin.
Intracranial hemorrhage
 Intracranial hemorrhage is defined as condition of bleeding within the skull.
D.1.1. Types of Intracranial hemorrhage
In the study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of head ultrasound (HUS) in the detection of intracranial hemorrhage in premature neonates compared with brain MRI using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), showed that Ultrasound (US) and MRI scans of the brain using SWI in premature neonates were retrospectively evaluated for grade I-III germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), intra-axial hemorrhage other than PVHI, extra-axial hemorrhage in each cerebral hemisphere and cerebellar hemorrhage in each cerebellar hemisphere(1).
1. Intra-axial hemorrhage (cerebral hemorrhage)
Intra-axial hemorrhage is defined as a condition of  bleeding in the brain itself, including bleeding of the brain tissues and ventricles,

2. Extra-axial hemorrhage
Extra-axial hemorrhage is defined as a condition of skull bleeding outside of the brain
Symptoms
1.  Intracranial pressure
Intracranial pressure as a result of a traumatic brain injuries can cause large mass which puts pressure on the brain(13).

2. Severe headache followed by vomiting is one of the more common symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage, a sub types of Intracranial hemorrhage(14).

3. Seizures with no previous history of seizures
In the study to determine the outcome and prognostic factors in those patients with severe AVM-ICH, showed that there were seven males and nine females with a mean age of 32 years (range 6-66). All had Glasgow coma score 8 or less and most exhibited motor posturing and/or dilated pupils. Fifteen patients had intraprenchymal, ten had intraventricular, and four had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Twelve patients underwent hematoma evacuation with concomitant decompressive craniectomy in 11 and external ventricular drainage (EVD) in six. EVD was the only treatment offered to four patients. AVM excision was not routinely attempted in the acute phase. Three patients died from extensive bihemispheric infarction and refractory intracranial pressure. All 13 survivors improved neurologically and 12 had an acceptable functional outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤ 4) after a mean follow-up of 10 months (range 1-49). Among all clinical, radiological, and operative variables, only cisternal SAH (P = 0.007) and early seizures (P = 0.018) were significantly associated with death(15).

3. Other symptoms as a result of central nervous system has been affect by intracranial hemorrhage, such as weakness in an arm or leg, decreased alertness, tingling or numbness, difficulty writing or reading, loss of motor tremors, loss of balance, etc.

Risk factors 
1. According to the study of Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage and nonhemorrhagic stroke after fibrinolytic therapy (from the GUSTO-i trial), showed that Of 592 patients in the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and tPA for Occluded Arteries-I trial who had a stroke during initial hospitalization, the risk for intracranial hemorrhage was significantly greater in those with recent facial or head trauma (odds ratio 13.0, 95% confidence interval 3.4 to 85.5); dementia was additionally associated with an increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 10.2). Because facial or head trauma may greatly influence treatment decisions, this risk factor should be incorporated into models designed to estimate the risks and benefits of fibrinolytic therapy(12).

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca  

Sources
(12) http://www.ajconline.org/article/S0002-9149%2803%2901581-9/abstract
(13) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/247664-overview
(14) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21234617
 

Upper head hemorrhaging: Intracranial hemorrhage - The Types and Causes

Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood vessels or through the skin.
Intracranial hemorrhage
 Intracranial hemorrhage is defined as condition of bleeding within the skull.
D.1.1. Types of Intracranial hemorrhage
In the study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of head ultrasound (HUS) in the detection of intracranial hemorrhage in premature neonates compared with brain MRI using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), showed that Ultrasound (US) and MRI scans of the brain using SWI in premature neonates were retrospectively evaluated for grade I-III germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), intra-axial hemorrhage other than PVHI, extra-axial hemorrhage in each cerebral hemisphere and cerebellar hemorrhage in each cerebellar hemisphere(1).
1. Intra-axial hemorrhage (cerebral hemorrhage)
Intra-axial hemorrhage is defined as a condition of  bleeding in the brain itself, including bleeding of the brain tissues and ventricles,

2. Extra-axial hemorrhage
Extra-axial hemorrhage is defined as a condition of skull bleeding outside of the brain

D.1.2. Causes and Rick factors
1. Causes 
a. Malignant melanoma
There is a report of a41-year-old female presented with repeated pontine hemorrhage. Histological examination showed malignant melanoma cells. No cutaneous lesion was found and positron emission tomography found no abnormalities. Our presumptive diagnosis was primary intra-axial brainstem malignant melanoma. The possibility of malignant melanoma should be considered in patients with intra-axial brainstem lesion associated with repeated hemorrhages(2).

b.  Head trauma
Patients receiving warfarin or clopidogrel are considered at increased risk for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage after blunt head trauma. In a study of a total of 1,064 patients were enrolled (768 warfarin patients [72.2%] and 296 clopidogrel patients [27.8%]). There were 364 patients (34.2%) from Level I or II trauma centers and 700 patients (65.8%) from community hospitals. One thousand patients received a cranial CT scan in the ED. Both warfarin and clopidogrel groups had similar demographic and clinical characteristics, although concomitant aspirin use was more prevalent among patients receiving clopidogrel. The prevalence of immediate traumatic intracranial hemorrhage was higher in patients receiving clopidogrel (33/276, 12.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4% to 16.4%) than patients receiving warfarin (37/724, 5.1%; 95% CI 3.6% to 7.0%), relative risk 2.31 (95% CI 1.48 to 3.63). Delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage was identified in 4 of 687 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.2% to 1.5%) patients receiving warfarin and 0 of 243 (0%; 95% CI 0% to 1.5%) patients receiving clopidogrel(3).


c. High blood pressure
 In a cohort of patients with spontaneous ICH, we obtained ICP values from nursing documentation of hourly vital signs and reviewed charts to rule out spurious ICP recordings, showed that among 243 patients, 57 (24 %) underwent ICP monitoring, of whom 40 (70 %; 95 % CI 57-82 %) had an episode of ICP > 20 mmHg. Intracranial hypertension was less likely in older patients (OR per decade 0.6, 95 % CI 0.3-0.9) and after infratentorial hemorrhage (OR 0.1, 95 % CI 0-0.7). Intracranial hypertension was not independently associated with mRS scores (OR 0.8, 95 % CI 0.3-2.3); this remained true for a threshold of >25 mmHg (OR 0.5, 95 % CI 0.2-1.5), number of elevations (OR 0.98 per elevation, 95 % CI 0.96-1.00), or area under the curve (OR 1.00 per mmHg × h, 95 % CI 0.99-1.01)(4).

d. Cerebral Aneurysms
  Cerebral aneurysm is defined as a cerebrovascular disorder causes of the blood vessel to bulge or balloon out of the wall of a blood vessel as a result of the weaken of blood vessels and veins and occurred mostly at the bifurcations and branches of the large arteries located at the Circle of Willis. It can burst and cause bleeding into the brain(5) leading to Intracranial hemorrhage(5). 

e. Brain Arteriovenous malformations
 Brain Arteriovenous malformations is defined as a condition of abnormal connection between veins and arteries, with a high rate of bleeding into the brain usually congenital.

f. Cerebral Amyloid angiopathy
Cerebral Amyloid angiopathy is defined as a condition of  amyloid build up on the walls of  the blood vessel walls in the brain. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one of the main causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a subtypes of  Intracranial hemorrhage in the elderly, according to the study by the Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona(6).

g. Blood or bleeding disorders.
In the study to analyze the association of the initial platelet count with mortality and progression of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in blunt traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients, showed that Of 626 TBI patients, 310 (49.5%) had a minimum of two brain computed tomography scans and were able to have ICH progression evaluated. Patients with platelets <175,000/mm3 had a significantly increased risk for ICH progression (OR [95% CI]: 2.09 [1.07-4.37]; adjusted p = 0.043). ICH progression was associated with increased need for craniotomy (OR [95% CI]: 3.27 [1.28-8.33]; adjusted p = 0.013) and mortality (OR [95% CI]: 3.41 [1.11-10.53]; adjusted p = 0.033). A platelet count <100,000/m3 was an independent predictor for mortality (OR [95% CI]: 9.5 [1.3-71.4]; adjusted p = 0.029)(7).

h. Neurosarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis, a complication of sarcoidosis in which inflammation occurs in the nervous system are related intracranial haemorrhage, according to the study by the incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Trinity College(8).

g. Liver disease 
Intracranial hemorrhages and late hemorrhagic disease associated cholestatic liver disease, according to the study of 11 infants with cholestatic liver disease with different etiologies exhibiting intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) to researchers at the  Erciyes University, Erciyesevler Mahallesi(9).

h. Brain tumors
There is a report of  three cases of metastatic brain tumors which began with the symptoms of vascular accident and were demonstrated as high density area by CT scan. Two of them are metastasis of lung cancer and another, hepatoma. Characteristic CT findings are as follow: 1) atypical location 2) non-homogeneous high density area extending from the margin of the tumor (sometimes ring-like appearance) 3) surrounding massive edema 4) positive contrast enhancement 5) multiple lesions(10).

i. Stroke and oral anticoagulants
Use of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for acute ischemic stroke is restricted to patients with an international normalized ratio (INR) less than 1.7. However, a recent study showed increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after IV tPA use in patients with oral anticoagulants (OAC) even with an INR less than 1.7(11).

j. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca  
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22633043
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19029781
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22626015
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22833445
(5) http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/cerebral-aneurysm.html
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22261638
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20386283
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22681045
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22327309
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7279131
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980194

Hemorrhaging: Hematuria - The Treatments

Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood vessels or through the skin.
Hematuria
Hematuria is defined as a medical condition with the presence of blood in the urine.
Treatments(14)
Treatments are depending to the diagnosis of the diseases, including
1. Kidney stones
If the diagnosis found that Hematuria is the result of kidney stone, under normal condition, you are asked to drink plenty water to washout the stone and take pain control medicine. In some conditions, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy may be necessary to crush the stones to smaller piece to allow them to pass through via the urinary track. Other case, if the stone is found in the ureter, cystoscopy may help to it.
2. Urinary tract infection:
Urinary track infection is the result of invasion of bacteria, antibiotics will be taken over a certain period depending to types of bacteria.

3. Benign prostate enlargement
In case of hematuria is caused by benign prostate enlargement then alpha blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors may be taken.

4. Medications: If a medication is the causes of hematuria, then the medication may be replaced with other with the same effectiveness but with no side effect of urinary bleeding, if one can be found. If not, you doctor may weight the benefits and risk of the medicine.

5. Urinary tract blockage: if the disease is caused by a blockage, the surgery may be become necessary generally to correct or remove the block.

6. Etc.
Please reder the related articles of above medical conditions in the general health section  at this link
http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca  
Sources
(14) http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0315/p1153.html

Hemorrhaging: Hematuria - Diagnosis

Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood vessels or through the skin.
Hematuria
Hematuria is defined as a medical condition with the presence of blood in the urine.
Diagnosis(13)
In the review of 1502 study participants, routine urinalysis was performed in 73.2% and 164 (14.9%) subjects had documented hematuria (>3 red blood cells / high-power field) before inclusion, found that  42.1% had no further evaluation. Additional testing included 
1. Repeat urinalysis (36%),
The aim of urtnalysis, including  physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations, is to diagnose of urologic conditions such as calculi, urinary tract infection (UTI), and malignancy(14).

2. Urine culture (15.2%)
The mid stream urinary test to check for bacteria and germs in the urine. the aim is to test for urinary track infection.

3. Cytology (10.4%)
The aim of the test is to detect the irregular cells growth in the urinary track.

4. Imaging (22.6% overall
The aim of the test is to  evaluate the urinary tract including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, or urethra.
4.1.15.9% Computed tomography
The best choice to evaluate the kidneys and ureters.
4.2. 4.3% intravenous pyelography
Similar in analyzing the kidneys and ureters
4.3.  2.4% magnetic resonance imaging, and
Similar in analyzing the kidneys and ureters 
4.4. Cystoscopy (12.8%).
The best choice to examine the bladder with the use of a thin, flexible cystoscope which is insert in to the bladder via the urethra 
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca  
Sources

(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564400