Cancer with Unknown Primary Site (CUP) is defined as a condition
in which cancer cells are found in the body, but the primary site
where the cancer start in the first place cannot be determined.
Symptoms of CUP
Symptoms
is completely depending to the type of secondary cancer and some
symptoms of the primary cancer, but in this case, it is not. The general
symptoms include
1. Unintentional weight loss
Weight loss of over 10% unintentionally.
2. Loss of appetite
A general symptoms for patient with cancer
3. Fatigue and tiredness
Due to above symptoms
4. Anemia and bone pain.
If cancer affects the production of cells in the bone marrow
4. Etc.
Causes and risk factors
As mentioned above, it is totally depended to type of secondary cancer, but the general causes and rick factors can be
1. Age
Due
to wear and tear over life long activity, the elder body is no longer
function at its optimal stage, and susceptible more of diseases,
including cancers. Elder people account to high percentage of cancers
than younger age groups.
2. Smoking
Cigarette contains high amount of carcinogens, which can lead to many types of cancer
3. Sunlight
Ultraviolet can caused damage to skin, causing skin cancer
4. Ionizing radiation
One of the causes of thyroid cancer
5. Certain chemicals and other substances
Chemicals and substances can cause mutation of DNA in the cells, causing cancers
6. Some viruses and bacteria
Certain viruses and bacteria can weakened the immune system, leading to the risk of cancer development
7. Hormones
Over productions of certain hormones such as estrogen can lead to increased risk of cancer.
8. Family history
Increased risk of cancer if a person has a family history of cancer
9. Excessive drinking
Heavy drinkers are at risk of liver cancer
1o. Obesity
Fat cells can interfere with production of certain hormones
11. Gene defects
Risk of cancer increased with certain gene defects, such as mutation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer
12. Etc
Where is the primary cancer site
1.
If lymph nodes in the neck and biopsy indicates it is cancer, the
primary site may be found in the mouth,throat pharynx, thyroid or upper
part of the airway.
2. Lymph nodes in the armpit
The primary cancer may be located in the breast in women and small cells ling cancer in men.
3. A shallow of chest X ray
The primary cancer may be located in the lung or bowel or pancreas.
4. Fluid in the abdomen
The primary cancer may be located in cervix, ovary, endometrium in women and bowel in men.
5. Lymph nodes in the groin
The primary cancer may be located cervix, endometrium vulva, ovary, pelvic in women and bowel in both men and women
6. Abnormality of liver scan
The primary cancer may be located bowel, breast, lung.
7. Generalize cancer
Some primary cancers can causes cancer anywhere in the body, including lymphomas, melanomas, etc.
8. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests
Types
of diagnosis are depended to your symptoms, family history, medical
history, past occupation, lifestyle, how the cancer has spread and and
experience of your doctor after the careful physical exam.
1. Blood test
Blood test
The blood is to determine the levels of markers, protein of the primary cancer if it can be found.
2. Chest X ray
Check X ray is to check the lung if the secondary tumor is in the chest.
3. CT Scan (computerized tomography)
A
CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images
taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional
picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are
viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities,
such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph
nodes.
4. MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology
used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of
your body used effectively in providing the better details of the
metastasis of cancer in the lymph nodes and surrounding areas.
5. UltrasoundUltrasound
allows your doctor to visualize and assess the size and to check for
any abnormality and surrounding area with image taken from the test.
6. Positron emission tomography (PET scan)
Positron
emission tomography (PET scan) is a type of nuclear medicine imaging
with the uses of small amounts of short-lived radioactive material,
either injected into a vein, swallowed or inhaled as a gas which will
appear in the area of the body being examined, where it gives off
energy in the form of gamma rays detected by a camera of positron
emission tomography that produces a three-dimensional image or picture
of functional processes of the organs in the body, such as the lungs,
brain, liver, or other organs.
7. EndoscopeEndoscopy
is thin, tube-like instrument with camera and light at the end to
view your stomach by passing it through your mouth and esophagus to
the stomach. spray anesthesia is
applied to the throat area.
8. Mammogram
mammogram
is a low-dose x-ray of the breast tissue to screen and detect any
breast tissue abnormally and any sign of tumor. mammograms can detect
between 85 to 90 percent of all abnormalities, including breast cancer,
cysts, fibroadenomas, tumors, etc. even before you can feel a lump.
9. Barium x-rays
In
this test, you require to drink a white liquid which will show up on
the X ray to check for structural and motility abnormalities of the
stomach.
10. Bone scan
It is a nuclear scanning test, beside
mostly used in identifying new areas of bone growth and damage to the
bones breakdown, it can also evaluates the metastasis (spread) of
cancer in the bone..
11. Others such as Urine tests, faecal occult blood (FOB), etc.
Preventions
A. How to avoid
Since there are no primary cancer is found, how to avoid has become more general
1. Avoid certain chemical agents
Chemicals and certain substances can increase the risk of cancer.
2. Lose weight
Increased risk of certain certain for obese men and women
3. Smoking
Cigarette contain cancer causing carcinogens.
4. Alcohol
Excessive alcohol drinking has been proven to be one of major risk of certain cancers.
5. HIV infection
Researchers found that men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk of certain cancers.
6. Diet
Exposure
to certain chemical carcinogens in the foods of first 20 years of
life or over a prolonged period of time may increase the risk of
certain cancers.
7. Using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
In
experimental and epidemiologic (nonrandomized) studies, along with
randomized clinical trials, have shown that NSAIDs may have a
prophylactic effect against certain cancers.
8. Eating organic healthy foods are always helpful in preventing long-term stomach inflammation.
9. Eat less red meat and fat
In
an Red-meat lovers may have a greater likelihood of developing
certain cancers of the throat and stomach than people who limit their
intake of steaks and hamburgers, a new study suggests.
10. Exposure to radiation
Researchers found that high doses of radiation caused increase the risk of soft-tissue sarcomas in some patients.
11. Etc.
B. Diet
1. Green tea
In
some clinical studies researchers suggested that the polyphenols in
green tea, may play an important role in the prevention of cancer
by killing cancerous cells and stopping their progression.
2. Garlic
An
analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an
inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common
cancers.
3. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables
such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high
amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown
to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
4. Soy
In
laboratory studies, saponins have shown the ability to inhibit the
reproduction of cancer cells and slow the growth of tumors in several
different tissues.
5. Carrot
Carrot contains high amount of
beta carotene which has shown to induce appotosis of cancer cells. In
study of Cell Cycle Regulation and Induction of Apoptosis by
β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo study warrants further
confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis agent in cancer cells
particularly leukemia cells but not normal cells.
6. Etc.
C. Nutritional supplements
1. Free radicals scavengers
Vitamin
A, C, E are free radical scavengers enhanced the immune system
against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of
cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth. For more information of
how antioxidants help to treat cancer, click here
2. Selenium
Research
showed that selenium has a protective effect on various stages of
cancer, including both the early and later stages of the disease. In a
study in large groups of people, researchers found that in areas of
the world where selenium levels in the soil are high, death rates
from cancer are significantly lower than in areas where selenium
levels are low.
3. Beta -carotene
In some laboratory,
animal, and human studies, researchers found that vitamin A, certain
retinoids may also inhibit cancer development.
4. Lycopene
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
5. Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals
are under active research for possible benefits immune system, and
as anti-cancer agents. Flavonoids found abundant in berry, inhibit
caner cell in vitro study.
6. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
The
objective of the treatment is to cure. If the above diagnosis and tests
detect the primary cancer site then standard treatment to such type of
cancer will be applied. Unfortunately, if the primary cancer can not be
found after all diagnosis have been exhausted, curing has become
impossible. Treatment now relies on the specific symptoms and where the
secondary cancer first appeared.
1. Radiotherapy
a. Radiation may
be used to kill any cancer cell remaining in the body locally. By
using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation
therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or
regrowing.
b. Side effects
b.1. Fatigue
b.2. Chest pain
b.3. Heart problem
b.4. Short of breath
b.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
b.6. Etc.
2. Chemotherapy
a.
Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of cancer
combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the
body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle
of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. In
sarcoma soft tissue, chemo is recommended to shrink the tumor if
surgery is not possible in the place
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
CUP does not respond well to chemotherapy in general.
3. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Celandine
Celandine
is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Chelidonium, belonging to
the family Papaveraceae, native to Europe and western Asia and
introduced widely in North America.
In a study of Ukrain (Ukrain
is an anticancer drug based on the extract of the plant)– a new
cancer cure? A systematic review of randomised clinical trials,
researcher suggested, according to the data from randomised
clinical trials that Ukrain to have potential as an anticancer
drug. However, numerous caveats prevent a positive conclusion, and
independent rigorous studies are urgently needed.
2. Devil's Claw
The extract of Harpagophytum procumbens, commonly known as devil's claw,
In
vitro studies, researchers found that cat's claw demonstrated
anticancer effects against several cancer cell lines and has been
reported to be effective in the treatment of lymphoma cancer,
according to a study conducted by K. S. Wilson, M.D., which was
published in the journal "Current Oncology" in August 2009.
3. Fenugreek
Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed), genus Trigonella, belonging to family Fabaceae. Vitro studies have shown that fenugreek exhibits chemopreventive properties against certain cancers.
4. CurcuminIn
a study conducted by S. Uddin and colleagues at the Department
of Human Cancer Genomic Research at King Faisal Specialist
Hospital and Research Center in Saudi Arabia, researchers found
that Curcumin in turmeric may inhibit the proliferation of
lymphoma cancer by modulating cell cycling and inducing
apoptosis.
5. Asparagus Cochinchinensis
In vitro studies
researchers found that curcumin acts as a weak phytoestrogen, exhibits
neuroprotective, antiproliferative and preventative effects against
cancer.
6. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Pu Kong Yin (Dandelion Root)
In
a study of the efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing
apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells, researchers found
that treatment with this common, yet potent extract of natural
compounds has proven novel in specifically inducing apoptosis in
chemoresistant melanoma, without toxicity to healthy cells.
2. Gan Cao
Gan
Cao is also known as Licorice root. In-vitro, researchers found
that saponins in Gan Cao stimulate the immune system and inhibit
Epstein-Barr virus expression and possess anti-cancer activities.
3. Bai Hua She She Cao
The
Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the
ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer
cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
4. Huang Qi
In
study of Astragalus-Based Chinese Herbs and Platinum-Based
Chemotherapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Meta-Analysis
of Randomized Trials, researchers found that astragalus may
increase effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy when
combined with chemotherapy. These results
require confirmation with rigorously controlled trials.
According
to the American Cancer Society, the substances, licochalcone-A,
licocoumarone and glabridin, which are present in licorice root,
may prevent mutations in the DNA and kill existing cancer.
5. Ling Zhi
Ling
Zhi one of many herbs, has been used over thousands of year in
treating abnormal cells growth in traditional Chinese and herbal
medicine. In a study , researcher found that cancer cells responded to
the herb much in the same way as they would react to chemotherapy
drugs. Yet unlike chemotherapy drugs, which can also be toxic to
healthy cells, herbal extracts were more deadly to cancer cells than
to normal cells, indicating that they have some ability to
specifically target cancer.
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Back to Most common Types of Cancer http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Monday, 4 November 2013
Obesity and Renal Disease
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess
body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of
excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body
Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight,
while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the
statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. Renal Disease
Renal or kidney disease is defined as a condition of damage of tiny structures in kidney called nephrons that can lead to abnormal function of kidney in moving waste with no symptoms as the disease progress slowly over years.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Renal Disease
1. According to the study of "Mechanisms linking obesity, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease: the roles of fetuin-A, adiponectin, and AMPK" by Ix JH, Sharma K. (Source from Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego/Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA 92093-0711, USA., J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar;21(3):406-12. Epub 2010 Feb 11), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Recent studies identify mechanisms common to both diseases linked through an interorgan communication orchestrated by fetuin-A and adiponectin. In liver and kidney, the energy sensor 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is pivotal to directing podocytes and hepatocytes to compensatory and potentially deleterious pathways, leading to inflammatory and profibrotic cascades culminating in end-organ damage. Regulation of these early upstream pathways may provide new therapeutic targets for these increasingly common sequelae of obesity.
2. In a study of "Biochemical study of oxidative stress markers in the liver, kidney and heart of high fat diet induced obesity in rats" by Noeman SA, Hamooda HE, Baalash AA. (Source from Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt., nooman1234@hotmail.com, Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2011 Aug 3;3(1):17), posted in PubMed, researchers found that high fat diet-induced obesity is accompanied by increased hepatic, heart, and renal tissues oxidative stress, which is characterized by reduction in the antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione levels, that correlate with the increase in MDA and PCO levels in most tissues. This may probably contribute to the additional progression of obesity related problems.
3. In a study of "[Obesity and chronic kidney disease]".[Article in Russian] by Bondar' IA, Klimontov VV, Simakova AI., Ter Arkh. 2011;83(6):66-70, posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity and overweight are now characterized as epidemics. It is shown that body overweight is associated with functional and structural changes in the kidneys,..., A decrease of body weight following lifestyle modification or bariatric surgery leads to reduction in albuminuria and eliminates hyperfiltration in obese subjects. Thus, prevention and treatment of obesity may reduce CKD incidence in general population.
4. In abstract of in a study of "[Overweight and obesity--risk factors in the development and progression of renal disease]" [Article in Slovak], by Sebeková K, Klassen A, Bahner U, Heidland A. (Source from Vedecko-výskumná základna Slovenskej zdravotníckej univerzity, Ustav preventívnej a klinickej medicíny, Bratislava, Slovenská republika., Vnitr Lek. 2004 Jul;50(7):544-9.) researchers found that Obesity-related renal disease may be prevented/postponed by an early weight reduction, by dietary intervention combined with physical exercise. In the advanced stages of renal disease benefits of weight reduction are minimal. Concomitant administration of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor 1 blockers exerts antiproteinuric effects and thereby aid in retarding the disease progression. Aimed prevention and treatment of obesity represent a challenge for the healthcare system. The concerted action of physicians, patients and the public health authorities is needed.
5. In a study of "The role of obesity and its bioclinical correlates in the progression of chronic kidney disease" by Chalmers L, Kaskel FJ, Bamgbola O. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2006 Oct;13(4):352-64.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Reduced fetal protein synthesis contributes to oxidative glomerular injury and impairment of renal morphogenesis. Thus, kidneys are poorly equipped to handle physiologic stress that may result from the rapid body growth and programmed metabolic dysfunction later in life. Finally, in order to minimize morbidity of obesity-related kidney disease, preventive strategy must include optimal maternal health care, promotion of healthy nutrition and routine physical exercise, and early detection of CKD.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Renal Disease
1. According to the study of "The role of the primary care physician in managing early stages of chronic kidney disease" by Coritsidis GN, Linden E, Stern AS. (Source from Mount Sinai Services, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY. coritsg@nychhc.org, Postgrad Med. 2011 Sep;123(5):177-85), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Recent increases in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, along with the aging of the US population..... Nephrology evaluation at this point is essential to facilitate timely preparation for care of end-stage renal disease through preemptive transplantation or planned transition to dialysis. In addition to stringent control of underlying hypertension and/or diabetes, mineral metabolic parameters (serum parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, calcium, and bicarbonate) in patients with advancing CKD should be managed closely to avoid adverse effects on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems.
2. In a study of "A quick guide to evidence-based chronic kidney disease care for the primary care physician" by Fox CH, Voleti V, Khan LS, Murray B, Vassalotti J. (Source from University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. chetfox@gmail.com, Postgrad Med. 2008 Jul 31;120(2):E01-6), posted in PebMed, researchers indicated that with the aging of the US population and the increase in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in the United States,... there is limited knowledge and uptake of these guidelines because of their length and and complexity. Patients with CKD risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, a family history of CKD, and those older than 60 years should be screened using 2 tests: 1) the estimated glomerular filtration rate and 2) the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. These tests allow the diagnosis and stratification of CKD into 5 stages. This article synthesizes the key evidence-based behaviors and clinical action plan that primary care physicians can implement to treat CKD and its complications.
3. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
B. Renal Disease
Renal or kidney disease is defined as a condition of damage of tiny structures in kidney called nephrons that can lead to abnormal function of kidney in moving waste with no symptoms as the disease progress slowly over years.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Renal Disease
1. According to the study of "Mechanisms linking obesity, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease: the roles of fetuin-A, adiponectin, and AMPK" by Ix JH, Sharma K. (Source from Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego/Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA 92093-0711, USA., J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar;21(3):406-12. Epub 2010 Feb 11), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Recent studies identify mechanisms common to both diseases linked through an interorgan communication orchestrated by fetuin-A and adiponectin. In liver and kidney, the energy sensor 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is pivotal to directing podocytes and hepatocytes to compensatory and potentially deleterious pathways, leading to inflammatory and profibrotic cascades culminating in end-organ damage. Regulation of these early upstream pathways may provide new therapeutic targets for these increasingly common sequelae of obesity.
2. In a study of "Biochemical study of oxidative stress markers in the liver, kidney and heart of high fat diet induced obesity in rats" by Noeman SA, Hamooda HE, Baalash AA. (Source from Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt., nooman1234@hotmail.com, Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2011 Aug 3;3(1):17), posted in PubMed, researchers found that high fat diet-induced obesity is accompanied by increased hepatic, heart, and renal tissues oxidative stress, which is characterized by reduction in the antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione levels, that correlate with the increase in MDA and PCO levels in most tissues. This may probably contribute to the additional progression of obesity related problems.
3. In a study of "[Obesity and chronic kidney disease]".[Article in Russian] by Bondar' IA, Klimontov VV, Simakova AI., Ter Arkh. 2011;83(6):66-70, posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity and overweight are now characterized as epidemics. It is shown that body overweight is associated with functional and structural changes in the kidneys,..., A decrease of body weight following lifestyle modification or bariatric surgery leads to reduction in albuminuria and eliminates hyperfiltration in obese subjects. Thus, prevention and treatment of obesity may reduce CKD incidence in general population.
4. In abstract of in a study of "[Overweight and obesity--risk factors in the development and progression of renal disease]" [Article in Slovak], by Sebeková K, Klassen A, Bahner U, Heidland A. (Source from Vedecko-výskumná základna Slovenskej zdravotníckej univerzity, Ustav preventívnej a klinickej medicíny, Bratislava, Slovenská republika., Vnitr Lek. 2004 Jul;50(7):544-9.) researchers found that Obesity-related renal disease may be prevented/postponed by an early weight reduction, by dietary intervention combined with physical exercise. In the advanced stages of renal disease benefits of weight reduction are minimal. Concomitant administration of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor 1 blockers exerts antiproteinuric effects and thereby aid in retarding the disease progression. Aimed prevention and treatment of obesity represent a challenge for the healthcare system. The concerted action of physicians, patients and the public health authorities is needed.
5. In a study of "The role of obesity and its bioclinical correlates in the progression of chronic kidney disease" by Chalmers L, Kaskel FJ, Bamgbola O. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2006 Oct;13(4):352-64.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Reduced fetal protein synthesis contributes to oxidative glomerular injury and impairment of renal morphogenesis. Thus, kidneys are poorly equipped to handle physiologic stress that may result from the rapid body growth and programmed metabolic dysfunction later in life. Finally, in order to minimize morbidity of obesity-related kidney disease, preventive strategy must include optimal maternal health care, promotion of healthy nutrition and routine physical exercise, and early detection of CKD.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Renal Disease
1. According to the study of "The role of the primary care physician in managing early stages of chronic kidney disease" by Coritsidis GN, Linden E, Stern AS. (Source from Mount Sinai Services, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY. coritsg@nychhc.org, Postgrad Med. 2011 Sep;123(5):177-85), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Recent increases in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, along with the aging of the US population..... Nephrology evaluation at this point is essential to facilitate timely preparation for care of end-stage renal disease through preemptive transplantation or planned transition to dialysis. In addition to stringent control of underlying hypertension and/or diabetes, mineral metabolic parameters (serum parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, calcium, and bicarbonate) in patients with advancing CKD should be managed closely to avoid adverse effects on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems.
2. In a study of "A quick guide to evidence-based chronic kidney disease care for the primary care physician" by Fox CH, Voleti V, Khan LS, Murray B, Vassalotti J. (Source from University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. chetfox@gmail.com, Postgrad Med. 2008 Jul 31;120(2):E01-6), posted in PebMed, researchers indicated that with the aging of the US population and the increase in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in the United States,... there is limited knowledge and uptake of these guidelines because of their length and and complexity. Patients with CKD risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, a family history of CKD, and those older than 60 years should be screened using 2 tests: 1) the estimated glomerular filtration rate and 2) the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. These tests allow the diagnosis and stratification of CKD into 5 stages. This article synthesizes the key evidence-based behaviors and clinical action plan that primary care physicians can implement to treat CKD and its complications.
3. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Obesity and Increased Uric Acid
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess
body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of
excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass
Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a
BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the
statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. Uric acid, the form of ions and salts is a by product of chemical after the body breaks down purines, the substance is found in many foods, including Asparagus, Bacon, Beef, Bluefish, Bouillon, Calf tongue, Carp, Cauliflower, Chicken, Chicken soup, Codfish, Crab, Duck, Goose, etc.. High levels of uric acid in blood serum can be harmful, leading to gout and forming of kidney stones.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Increased Uric Acid
1. Acccording to the study of "Serum uric acid as an obesity-related indicator in early adolescence" by Oyama C, Takahashi T, Oyamada M, Oyamada T, Ohno T, Miyashita M, Saito S, Komatsu K, Takashina K, Takada G. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006 Jul;209(3):257-62), posted in PubMed, researchers found that In general, children are evaluated as obesity, when POW is equal to or more than 20% (>or= 20%). Serum uric acid levels are positively correlated with obesity-related indicators, BMI and POW, in both boys and girls. Serum uric acid levels of the subjects with high POW (>or= 20%) are significantly higher than those of the subjects with low POW (< 20%) in both boys and girls. These results suggest that serum uric acid levels are significantly increased with obesity and could be used as one of obesity-related indicators even in early adolescence.
2. In an abstract of study of "Recent trends of hyperuricemia and obesity in Japanese male adolescents, 1991 through 2002" by Ogura T, Matsuura K, Matsumoto Y, Mimura Y, Kishida M, Otsuka F, Tobe K. (Source from Health and Medical Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. Metabolism. 2004 Apr;53(4):448-53), posted in PubMed, researchers found rhat Hyperuricemia was related to the presence of other risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, liver function abnormality, and hypertension. The frequencies of such abnormalities were higher than euuricemic subjects and this trend was notable in the most recent students enrolled from 1999 through 2002. Hyperuricemia was even found in the group of non-obese male adolescents. Taking into consideration that hyperuricemia is associated with a high prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases in adults, it is of great importance to prevent hyperuricemia at the early stage in Japanese adolescents.
3. In a study of "[Uric acid nephrolithiasis]", [Article in French], by Dussol B. (Source from Centre de néphrologie et de transplantation rénale, hôpital de la Conception, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05. bertrand.dussol@ap-hm, Rev Prat. 2011 Mar;61(3):389-92), posted in PubMed, researcher indicated that Its frequency will increase in the next decades because of the ageing and the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiologic defect is an excessively acidic urine pH rather than hyperuricosuria. Undissociated uric acid is poorly soluble in acidic urines (pH < 5.5) but solubility increases when sodium urate forms at higher pH. Insulin resistance may contribute to the development of acidic urine because of higher net acid excretion. Because uric acid kidney stones are radiolucent, diagnosis is based on echography and tomodensitometry. Medical management strategies focus primarily on alkali treatment and/or decreasing hyper-uricosuria.
4. According to a study of "Uric acid nephrolithiasis" by Liebman SE, Taylor JG, Bushinsky DA. (Source from University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Nephrology Division, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. scott_liebman@urmc.rochester.edu, Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Jun;9(3):251-7.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Uric acid nephrolithiasis is typically found in individuals with a low urine pH and a normal concentration of urinary uric acid. Patients with a history of gout are at greater risk of forming uric acid stones, as are patients with obesity, diabetes, or the complete metabolic syndrome. The unifying renal tubular abnormality of these disorders appears to be the excretion of abnormally acidic urine. This article focuses on the relationship of these disorders to the development of uric acid stones.
5. According to a study of "Relation of uric acid with components of metabolic syndrome before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese subjects" by Serpa Neto A, Rossi FM, Valle LG, Teixeira GK, Rossi M. (Source from Division of Clinical and Surgical Treatment of Obesity, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil. aryserpa@terra.com.br, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011 Feb;55(1):38-45.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Concentrations of uric acid were associated with the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in this sample of morbidly obese patients. Also, weight loss after RYGBP can reduce uric acid levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Increased Uric Acid
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Obesity and urolithiasis" by Asplin JR. (Source from Litholink Corporation, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jasplin@litholink.com, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2009 Jan;16(1):11-20), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Obesity can increase stone risk in multiple ways. Excess nutritional intake increases traffic of lithogenic substances such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Metabolic syndrome, commonly associated with obesity, alters renal acid-base metabolism, resulting in a lower urine pH and increased risk of uric acid stone disease......, Certainly, the many health risks of obesity, including urolithiasis, necessitate weight loss, but recognition of the potential complications of such therapies is required to prevent induction of new and equally severe medical problems. The optimal approach to weight control that minimizes stone risk needs to be determined.
2. In a study of "Body size and 24-hour urine composition" by Taylor EN, Curhan GC. (Source from Renal Division and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. entaylor@partners.org, Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Dec;48(6):905-15), posted in PubMed, researchers filed the conclusion of Positive associations between BMI and urinary calcium excretion likely are due to differences in animal protein and sodium intake. The greater incidence of kidney stones in the obese may be due to an increase in uric acid nephrolithiasis.
3. In abstract of the study of "Benefits of sustained moderate weight loss in obesity" by Pasanisi F, Contaldo F, de Simone G, Mancini M. (Source from Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. pasanisi@unina.itm Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001 Dec;11(6):401-6.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that a large number of obese patients may be sensitive to a modest weight loss even without the achievement of ideal body weight. Sustained moderate weight loss by itself is definitely beneficial in obesity (especially "malignant" and "morbid" obesity), but also in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiorespiratory diseases and other chronic degenerative diseases associated with any degree of excess body fat.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
B. Uric acid, the form of ions and salts is a by product of chemical after the body breaks down purines, the substance is found in many foods, including Asparagus, Bacon, Beef, Bluefish, Bouillon, Calf tongue, Carp, Cauliflower, Chicken, Chicken soup, Codfish, Crab, Duck, Goose, etc.. High levels of uric acid in blood serum can be harmful, leading to gout and forming of kidney stones.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Increased Uric Acid
1. Acccording to the study of "Serum uric acid as an obesity-related indicator in early adolescence" by Oyama C, Takahashi T, Oyamada M, Oyamada T, Ohno T, Miyashita M, Saito S, Komatsu K, Takashina K, Takada G. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006 Jul;209(3):257-62), posted in PubMed, researchers found that In general, children are evaluated as obesity, when POW is equal to or more than 20% (>or= 20%). Serum uric acid levels are positively correlated with obesity-related indicators, BMI and POW, in both boys and girls. Serum uric acid levels of the subjects with high POW (>or= 20%) are significantly higher than those of the subjects with low POW (< 20%) in both boys and girls. These results suggest that serum uric acid levels are significantly increased with obesity and could be used as one of obesity-related indicators even in early adolescence.
2. In an abstract of study of "Recent trends of hyperuricemia and obesity in Japanese male adolescents, 1991 through 2002" by Ogura T, Matsuura K, Matsumoto Y, Mimura Y, Kishida M, Otsuka F, Tobe K. (Source from Health and Medical Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. Metabolism. 2004 Apr;53(4):448-53), posted in PubMed, researchers found rhat Hyperuricemia was related to the presence of other risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, liver function abnormality, and hypertension. The frequencies of such abnormalities were higher than euuricemic subjects and this trend was notable in the most recent students enrolled from 1999 through 2002. Hyperuricemia was even found in the group of non-obese male adolescents. Taking into consideration that hyperuricemia is associated with a high prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases in adults, it is of great importance to prevent hyperuricemia at the early stage in Japanese adolescents.
3. In a study of "[Uric acid nephrolithiasis]", [Article in French], by Dussol B. (Source from Centre de néphrologie et de transplantation rénale, hôpital de la Conception, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05. bertrand.dussol@ap-hm, Rev Prat. 2011 Mar;61(3):389-92), posted in PubMed, researcher indicated that Its frequency will increase in the next decades because of the ageing and the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiologic defect is an excessively acidic urine pH rather than hyperuricosuria. Undissociated uric acid is poorly soluble in acidic urines (pH < 5.5) but solubility increases when sodium urate forms at higher pH. Insulin resistance may contribute to the development of acidic urine because of higher net acid excretion. Because uric acid kidney stones are radiolucent, diagnosis is based on echography and tomodensitometry. Medical management strategies focus primarily on alkali treatment and/or decreasing hyper-uricosuria.
4. According to a study of "Uric acid nephrolithiasis" by Liebman SE, Taylor JG, Bushinsky DA. (Source from University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Nephrology Division, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. scott_liebman@urmc.rochester.edu, Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Jun;9(3):251-7.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Uric acid nephrolithiasis is typically found in individuals with a low urine pH and a normal concentration of urinary uric acid. Patients with a history of gout are at greater risk of forming uric acid stones, as are patients with obesity, diabetes, or the complete metabolic syndrome. The unifying renal tubular abnormality of these disorders appears to be the excretion of abnormally acidic urine. This article focuses on the relationship of these disorders to the development of uric acid stones.
5. According to a study of "Relation of uric acid with components of metabolic syndrome before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese subjects" by Serpa Neto A, Rossi FM, Valle LG, Teixeira GK, Rossi M. (Source from Division of Clinical and Surgical Treatment of Obesity, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil. aryserpa@terra.com.br, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011 Feb;55(1):38-45.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Concentrations of uric acid were associated with the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in this sample of morbidly obese patients. Also, weight loss after RYGBP can reduce uric acid levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Increased Uric Acid
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Obesity and urolithiasis" by Asplin JR. (Source from Litholink Corporation, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jasplin@litholink.com, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2009 Jan;16(1):11-20), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Obesity can increase stone risk in multiple ways. Excess nutritional intake increases traffic of lithogenic substances such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Metabolic syndrome, commonly associated with obesity, alters renal acid-base metabolism, resulting in a lower urine pH and increased risk of uric acid stone disease......, Certainly, the many health risks of obesity, including urolithiasis, necessitate weight loss, but recognition of the potential complications of such therapies is required to prevent induction of new and equally severe medical problems. The optimal approach to weight control that minimizes stone risk needs to be determined.
2. In a study of "Body size and 24-hour urine composition" by Taylor EN, Curhan GC. (Source from Renal Division and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. entaylor@partners.org, Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Dec;48(6):905-15), posted in PubMed, researchers filed the conclusion of Positive associations between BMI and urinary calcium excretion likely are due to differences in animal protein and sodium intake. The greater incidence of kidney stones in the obese may be due to an increase in uric acid nephrolithiasis.
3. In abstract of the study of "Benefits of sustained moderate weight loss in obesity" by Pasanisi F, Contaldo F, de Simone G, Mancini M. (Source from Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. pasanisi@unina.itm Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001 Dec;11(6):401-6.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that a large number of obese patients may be sensitive to a modest weight loss even without the achievement of ideal body weight. Sustained moderate weight loss by itself is definitely beneficial in obesity (especially "malignant" and "morbid" obesity), but also in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiorespiratory diseases and other chronic degenerative diseases associated with any degree of excess body fat.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Obesity and Urinary Incontinence
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess
body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of
excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body
Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight,
while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the
statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence is defined as a condition of involuntary leakage of urine when under stress late stage of pregnancy, obesity, etc.
C. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height ( m2)
D. How Obesity associated with Urinary Incontinence
1. According to the study of "Risk Factors for the Development of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women" by Stothers L, Friedman B. (Source from University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada, lynns@interchange.ubc.ca, Curr Urol Rep. 2011 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print]). posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health condition that was shown to have detrimental impact on SUI (Stress urinary incontinence) development, while weight reduction was proven to reduce SUI.
2. According to the research of "Obesity and smoking: Are they modulators of cough intravesical peak pressure in stress urinary incontinence?" by Fuganti PE, Gowdy JM, Santiago NC. (Source from Hospital de Câncer de Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Int Braz J Urol. 2011 Jul-Aug;37(4):528-33.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obesity and smoking showed increased CIPP (maximal Intravesical Peak Pressures generated by Cough). While reduced BMI is related to lower CIPP, smoking cessation does not appear to diminish CIPP. These findings suggest that weight loss may reduce incontinence by CIPP modulation. However, the benefits of smoking cessation without additional lifestyle modification, may have no benefit to improve urinary incontinence.
3. In a study of "Prevalence and trends of urinary incontinence in adults in the United States, 2001 to 2008", by Markland AD, Richter HE, Fwu CW, Eggers P, Kusek JW (Source from Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.35249-7333, USA), post in PubMed, researchers found that The age standardized prevalence of urinary incontinence increased in men and women from 2001 through 2008. Decreasing obesity and diabetes may lessen the burden of urinary incontinence, especially in women.
4. In the abstract of the stuyd of "The prevalence of urinary incontinence and its burden on the quality of life among older adults with medicare supplement insurance" by Hawkins K, Pernarelli J, Ozminkowski RJ, Bai M, Gaston SJ, Hommer C, Migliori RJ, Yeh CS. (Source from Health Care Innovation and Information, Ingenix, 5430 Data Court, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. Kevin.Hawkins@Ingenix.com, Qual Life Res. 2011 Jun;20(5):723-32. Epub 2010 Dec 8.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Of the 5,530 eligible respondents, 37.5% reported having UI. The strongest predictors of UI were female gender, advancing age, and obesity. All the QOL estimates were significantly lower for those with UI (P < 0.001). Further, UI had a stronger influence on QOL than did diabetes, cancer, and arthritis, particularly from a mental health standpoint.
5.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Urinary continence
1. According to the study of "Obesity and weight management in the elderly" by Han TS, Tajar A, Lean ME. (Source from Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ashford and St Peter’s NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK., Br Med Bull. 2011;97:169-96. Epub 2011 Feb 16.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that A large number of clinical consequences of overweight and obesity are particularly problematic for elderly individuals, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, arthritis, urinary incontinence and depression. Obesity, and specifically sarcopenic obesity, should also be prevented not only from younger age, but also during major life transitions including retirement, to improve better health outcomes and quality of life in later years, with a focus on those in 'obese families', where the main increases in obesity are located. Randomized controlled trials to determine health benefits and risks from long-term weight management in obese elderly are necessary.
2. In an abstract of the study of `[Sub-urethral sling in the treatment of female urinary incontinence: which? how?]` [Article in French] by Debodinance P, Hermieu JF. (Source Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, GCS Flandre-Maritime, avenue de la Polyclinique, 59760 Grande-Synthe, France. ph.debodinance@wanadoo.fr, Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2010 Oct;38(10):607-19. Epub 2010 Sep 28.), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Without adequate clinical trials proving their efficacy and safety, the mini-bands can so far be recommended to treat female stress urinary incontinence. Moderate overweight does not affect the results of laying tape. In patients with severe obesity, surgery to correct obesity is even better than surgery for incontinence. Age is not a contra-indication. If the patient is young and nulliparous,...
3. In a study of `Effect of weight loss on urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women: results at 12 and 18 months`by Wing RR, West DS, Grady D, Creasman JM, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW, Subak LL; Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise Group. (Source from The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. .rwing@lifespan.org, 2010 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved), posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Weight loss intervention reduced the frequency of stress incontinence episodes through 12 months and improved patient satisfaction with changes in incontinence through 18 months. Improving weight loss maintenance may provide longer term benefits for urinary incontinence.
4. According to the study of `Improving urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women through modest weight loss`by Wing RR, Creasman JM, West DS, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW, Subak LL; Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise. ( Source from Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Weight losses between 5% and 10% of body weight were sufficient for significant urinary incontinence benefits. Thus, weight loss should be considered as initial treatment for incontinence in overweight and obese women.
5. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
B. Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence is defined as a condition of involuntary leakage of urine when under stress late stage of pregnancy, obesity, etc.
C. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height ( m2)
D. How Obesity associated with Urinary Incontinence
1. According to the study of "Risk Factors for the Development of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women" by Stothers L, Friedman B. (Source from University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada, lynns@interchange.ubc.ca, Curr Urol Rep. 2011 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print]). posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health condition that was shown to have detrimental impact on SUI (Stress urinary incontinence) development, while weight reduction was proven to reduce SUI.
2. According to the research of "Obesity and smoking: Are they modulators of cough intravesical peak pressure in stress urinary incontinence?" by Fuganti PE, Gowdy JM, Santiago NC. (Source from Hospital de Câncer de Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Int Braz J Urol. 2011 Jul-Aug;37(4):528-33.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obesity and smoking showed increased CIPP (maximal Intravesical Peak Pressures generated by Cough). While reduced BMI is related to lower CIPP, smoking cessation does not appear to diminish CIPP. These findings suggest that weight loss may reduce incontinence by CIPP modulation. However, the benefits of smoking cessation without additional lifestyle modification, may have no benefit to improve urinary incontinence.
3. In a study of "Prevalence and trends of urinary incontinence in adults in the United States, 2001 to 2008", by Markland AD, Richter HE, Fwu CW, Eggers P, Kusek JW (Source from Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.35249-7333, USA), post in PubMed, researchers found that The age standardized prevalence of urinary incontinence increased in men and women from 2001 through 2008. Decreasing obesity and diabetes may lessen the burden of urinary incontinence, especially in women.
4. In the abstract of the stuyd of "The prevalence of urinary incontinence and its burden on the quality of life among older adults with medicare supplement insurance" by Hawkins K, Pernarelli J, Ozminkowski RJ, Bai M, Gaston SJ, Hommer C, Migliori RJ, Yeh CS. (Source from Health Care Innovation and Information, Ingenix, 5430 Data Court, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. Kevin.Hawkins@Ingenix.com, Qual Life Res. 2011 Jun;20(5):723-32. Epub 2010 Dec 8.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Of the 5,530 eligible respondents, 37.5% reported having UI. The strongest predictors of UI were female gender, advancing age, and obesity. All the QOL estimates were significantly lower for those with UI (P < 0.001). Further, UI had a stronger influence on QOL than did diabetes, cancer, and arthritis, particularly from a mental health standpoint.
5.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Urinary continence
1. According to the study of "Obesity and weight management in the elderly" by Han TS, Tajar A, Lean ME. (Source from Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ashford and St Peter’s NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK., Br Med Bull. 2011;97:169-96. Epub 2011 Feb 16.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that A large number of clinical consequences of overweight and obesity are particularly problematic for elderly individuals, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, arthritis, urinary incontinence and depression. Obesity, and specifically sarcopenic obesity, should also be prevented not only from younger age, but also during major life transitions including retirement, to improve better health outcomes and quality of life in later years, with a focus on those in 'obese families', where the main increases in obesity are located. Randomized controlled trials to determine health benefits and risks from long-term weight management in obese elderly are necessary.
2. In an abstract of the study of `[Sub-urethral sling in the treatment of female urinary incontinence: which? how?]` [Article in French] by Debodinance P, Hermieu JF. (Source Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, GCS Flandre-Maritime, avenue de la Polyclinique, 59760 Grande-Synthe, France. ph.debodinance@wanadoo.fr, Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2010 Oct;38(10):607-19. Epub 2010 Sep 28.), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Without adequate clinical trials proving their efficacy and safety, the mini-bands can so far be recommended to treat female stress urinary incontinence. Moderate overweight does not affect the results of laying tape. In patients with severe obesity, surgery to correct obesity is even better than surgery for incontinence. Age is not a contra-indication. If the patient is young and nulliparous,...
3. In a study of `Effect of weight loss on urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women: results at 12 and 18 months`by Wing RR, West DS, Grady D, Creasman JM, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW, Subak LL; Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise Group. (Source from The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. .rwing@lifespan.org, 2010 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved), posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Weight loss intervention reduced the frequency of stress incontinence episodes through 12 months and improved patient satisfaction with changes in incontinence through 18 months. Improving weight loss maintenance may provide longer term benefits for urinary incontinence.
4. According to the study of `Improving urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women through modest weight loss`by Wing RR, Creasman JM, West DS, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW, Subak LL; Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise. ( Source from Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Weight losses between 5% and 10% of body weight were sufficient for significant urinary incontinence benefits. Thus, weight loss should be considered as initial treatment for incontinence in overweight and obese women.
5. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Obesity and Pulmonary Hypertension
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess
body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of
excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass
Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a
BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the
statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Pulmonary Hypertension is defined as a condition of abnormally high blood pressure in the lungs' arteries as a result of the small arteries have become narrowed of which no longer carry enough blood to the heart.
D. How obesity associates with Pulmonary Hypertension
1. In a study of "Role of obesity in cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension" by Dela Cruz CS, Matthay RA. (Source fromSection of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers imdicated in abstract that The authors also briefly explore whether obesity plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. Better recognition and understanding of both obesity cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension are needed in the obese patient population.
2. According to the srudy of "Respiratory health in overweight and obese Chinese children" by He QQ, Wong TW, Du L, Jiang ZQ, Qiu H, Gao Y, Liu JW, Wu JG, Yu IT. (Source from Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, PR China), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Our findings demonstrate that overweight and obesity are high risks for children's respiratory symptoms and diseases. Pulmonary function was not adversely affected by obesity in schoolchildren.
3. In an abstract of a study of "The effect of obesity on pulmonary lung function of school aged children in Greece" by Spathopoulos D, Paraskakis E, Trypsianis G, Tsalkidis A, Arvanitidou V, Emporiadou M, Bouros D, Chatzimichael A. (Source from Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece), posted in PubMed, researchers found that High BMI remained a strong independent risk factor for asthma (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.22-3.87, P = 0.009) and for atopy (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.32-3.22, P = 0.002). The effect of increased BMI on asthma was significant in girls, but not in boys (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.09-6.85, P = 0.032; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 0.83-3.73, P = 0.137, respectively). In conclusion we have shown that high BMI remains an important determinant of reduced spirometric parameters, a risk factor for atopy in both genders and for asthma in girls.
4. 4. According to the abstact of "Comparison of body habitus in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension enrolled in the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management with normative values from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" by Burger CD, Foreman AJ, Miller DP, Safford RE, McGoon MD, Badesch DB. (Source fromDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. burger.charles@mayo.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Mean BMI of the REVEAL patients was the same as that of the NHANES normal comparison group; however, there were higher percentages of obese and underweight patients in REVEAL. This discrepancy can be explained by the balancing effect of more overweight and underweight patients in different PAH subgroups. The reason for the increased frequency of obesity in idiopathic PAH is unknown, and additional study is needed.
5. In a study of "Prospective study of BMI and the risk of pulmonary embolism in women" by Kabrhel C, Varraso R, Goldhaber SZ, Rimm EB, Camargo CA. (Source from Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. ckabrhel@partners.org), posted in PubMed, researchers found that . There was a strong positive association between BMI, the risk of idiopathic PE (relative risk (RR) = 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.10) per 1 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, P < 0.001) and nonidiopathic PE (RR = 1.08 (95% CI, 1.07-1.10), P < 0.001). The association was linear, and apparent even with modest increases in BMI (22.5-25 kg/m(2)). The risk increased nearly sixfold among subjects with BMI >or=35 kg/m(2), and was present in multiple subgroups. Increasing BMI has a strong, linear association with the development of PE in women. Clinicians should consider BMI when assessing the risk of PE in their patients.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Pulmonary Hypertension
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Lorcaserin for the treatment of obesity" by Redman LM, Ravussin E. (Source from Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA. leanne.redman@pbrc.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Preclinical and clinical studies indicate lorcaserin is well tolerated and not associated with cardiac valvulopathy or pulmonary hypertension suggesting that lorcaserin is a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist and has little or no activation of the 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2A) receptors, respectively. Lorcaserin acts to alter energy balance through a reduction in energy intake and without an increase in energy expenditure and achieved the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for weight loss efficacy. It remains to be determined whether or not lorcaserin will be approved for the long-term management of obesity.
2. In an abstract of the study of "Pulmonary considerations in obesity and the bariatric surgical patient" by Davis G, Patel JA, Gagne DJ. (Source from Houston Surgical Consultants, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 738, Houston, TX 77030, USA. gpdtx@yahoo.com), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Bariatric surgery has been shown to be the most effective modality of reliable and durable treatment for severe obesity. Surgical weight loss improves and, in most cases, completely resolves the pulmonary health problems associated with obesity.
3. According to the study of "Obesity duration is associated to pulmonary function impairment in obese subjects" by Santamaria F, Montella S, Greco L, Valerio G, Franzese A, Maniscalco M, Fiorentino G, Peroni D, Pietrobelli A, De Stefano S, Sperlì F, Boner AL. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. santamar@unina.it), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Duration of obesity was significantly related to all PFTs (P ≤ 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis where duration and severity of obesity, hypertension, atopy, asthma, and family history of atopic diseases were independent variables, duration of obesity was a predictor of lower PFTs (P < 0.01). Of the remaining variables, only hypertension contributed to lower lung volumes. In obese individuals, lung function was significantly lower in subjects with greater years of obesity. Fat loss programs should be encouraged to prevent late pulmonary function impairment.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Pulmonary Hypertension is defined as a condition of abnormally high blood pressure in the lungs' arteries as a result of the small arteries have become narrowed of which no longer carry enough blood to the heart.
D. How obesity associates with Pulmonary Hypertension
1. In a study of "Role of obesity in cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension" by Dela Cruz CS, Matthay RA. (Source fromSection of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers imdicated in abstract that The authors also briefly explore whether obesity plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. Better recognition and understanding of both obesity cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension are needed in the obese patient population.
2. According to the srudy of "Respiratory health in overweight and obese Chinese children" by He QQ, Wong TW, Du L, Jiang ZQ, Qiu H, Gao Y, Liu JW, Wu JG, Yu IT. (Source from Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, PR China), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Our findings demonstrate that overweight and obesity are high risks for children's respiratory symptoms and diseases. Pulmonary function was not adversely affected by obesity in schoolchildren.
3. In an abstract of a study of "The effect of obesity on pulmonary lung function of school aged children in Greece" by Spathopoulos D, Paraskakis E, Trypsianis G, Tsalkidis A, Arvanitidou V, Emporiadou M, Bouros D, Chatzimichael A. (Source from Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece), posted in PubMed, researchers found that High BMI remained a strong independent risk factor for asthma (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.22-3.87, P = 0.009) and for atopy (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.32-3.22, P = 0.002). The effect of increased BMI on asthma was significant in girls, but not in boys (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.09-6.85, P = 0.032; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 0.83-3.73, P = 0.137, respectively). In conclusion we have shown that high BMI remains an important determinant of reduced spirometric parameters, a risk factor for atopy in both genders and for asthma in girls.
4. 4. According to the abstact of "Comparison of body habitus in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension enrolled in the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management with normative values from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" by Burger CD, Foreman AJ, Miller DP, Safford RE, McGoon MD, Badesch DB. (Source fromDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. burger.charles@mayo.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Mean BMI of the REVEAL patients was the same as that of the NHANES normal comparison group; however, there were higher percentages of obese and underweight patients in REVEAL. This discrepancy can be explained by the balancing effect of more overweight and underweight patients in different PAH subgroups. The reason for the increased frequency of obesity in idiopathic PAH is unknown, and additional study is needed.
5. In a study of "Prospective study of BMI and the risk of pulmonary embolism in women" by Kabrhel C, Varraso R, Goldhaber SZ, Rimm EB, Camargo CA. (Source from Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. ckabrhel@partners.org), posted in PubMed, researchers found that . There was a strong positive association between BMI, the risk of idiopathic PE (relative risk (RR) = 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.10) per 1 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, P < 0.001) and nonidiopathic PE (RR = 1.08 (95% CI, 1.07-1.10), P < 0.001). The association was linear, and apparent even with modest increases in BMI (22.5-25 kg/m(2)). The risk increased nearly sixfold among subjects with BMI >or=35 kg/m(2), and was present in multiple subgroups. Increasing BMI has a strong, linear association with the development of PE in women. Clinicians should consider BMI when assessing the risk of PE in their patients.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Pulmonary Hypertension
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Lorcaserin for the treatment of obesity" by Redman LM, Ravussin E. (Source from Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA. leanne.redman@pbrc.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Preclinical and clinical studies indicate lorcaserin is well tolerated and not associated with cardiac valvulopathy or pulmonary hypertension suggesting that lorcaserin is a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist and has little or no activation of the 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2A) receptors, respectively. Lorcaserin acts to alter energy balance through a reduction in energy intake and without an increase in energy expenditure and achieved the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for weight loss efficacy. It remains to be determined whether or not lorcaserin will be approved for the long-term management of obesity.
2. In an abstract of the study of "Pulmonary considerations in obesity and the bariatric surgical patient" by Davis G, Patel JA, Gagne DJ. (Source from Houston Surgical Consultants, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 738, Houston, TX 77030, USA. gpdtx@yahoo.com), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Bariatric surgery has been shown to be the most effective modality of reliable and durable treatment for severe obesity. Surgical weight loss improves and, in most cases, completely resolves the pulmonary health problems associated with obesity.
3. According to the study of "Obesity duration is associated to pulmonary function impairment in obese subjects" by Santamaria F, Montella S, Greco L, Valerio G, Franzese A, Maniscalco M, Fiorentino G, Peroni D, Pietrobelli A, De Stefano S, Sperlì F, Boner AL. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. santamar@unina.it), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Duration of obesity was significantly related to all PFTs (P ≤ 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis where duration and severity of obesity, hypertension, atopy, asthma, and family history of atopic diseases were independent variables, duration of obesity was a predictor of lower PFTs (P < 0.01). Of the remaining variables, only hypertension contributed to lower lung volumes. In obese individuals, lung function was significantly lower in subjects with greater years of obesity. Fat loss programs should be encouraged to prevent late pulmonary function impairment.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
#Obesity and Sleep Disorder
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess
body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of
excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body
Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight,
while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the
statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Sleep disorder (somnipathy) is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns. It’s important to understand why sleep disorder can deteriorate your health and interfere with normal physical, mental and emotional functioning as it effects your nervous system in the production of the natural hormone melatonin which is necessary for sleep and wakefulness. Polysomnography testing can help to evaluate and detect the patterns of sleep disorder.
D. How Obesity associates with Sleep Disorder
1. In the study of "Sleep apnea: a proinflammatory disorder that coaggregates with obesity" by Mehra R, Redline S., posted in PubMed, researchers found that this article elucidates mechanistic associations among obesity, sleep apnea, and systemic inflammation; highlights interrelationships between these factors with cardiopulmonary disease; and identifies specific areas for future research directions.
2. According to the abstract of the study of "Postoperative considerations for patients with obesity and sleep apnea" by Bell RL, Rosenbaum SH., posted in PubMed, researchers stated that p apnea and obesity are prevalent and often coexisting conditions that challenge medical, anesthetic, and surgical treatment. It is essential to possess knowledge of the magnitude of the sleep disorder as well as concomitant medical comorbidities. Management of obese patients requires a thorough preoperative evaluation and appraisal of anesthetic and operative risks. Postoperatively, these patients can present an additional challenge.
3. In a study of "Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient: implications for airway management" by Benumof JL., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient may be due, in part, to an increased amount of pharyngeal tissue. Therefore, there is an increased risk of intubation and extubation difficulties and pain management can be expected to be complicated by opioid/sedative-induced pharyngeal collapse.
4. In the abstract of the study of "The relationship between obesity and craniofacial structure in obstructive sleep apnea" by Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA, Ryan CF, Fleetham JA., posted in PubMed, researchers that there is a spectrum of upper airway soft-tissue and craniofacial abnormalities among OSA patients: obese patients with increased upper airway soft-tissue structures, nonobese patients with abnormal craniofacial structure, and an intermediate group of patients with abnormalities in both craniofacial structure and upper airway soft-tissue structures.
5. According to the study of "Cephalometric abnormalities in non-obese and obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea" by Sakakibara H, Tong M, Matsushita K, Hirata M, Konishi Y, Suetsugu S., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Japanese obstructive sleep apnoea patients have a series of cephalometric abnormalities similar to those described in Caucasian patients, and that the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese patients may be different from that in non-obese patients. In obese patients, upper airway soft tissue enlargement may play a more important role in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas in non-obese patients, bony structure discrepancies may be the dominant contributing factors for obstructive sleep apnoea.
6. In a study of "Dentofacial characteristics as indicator of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome in patients with severe obesity" by Maciel Santos ME, Laureano Filho JR, Campos JM, Ferraz EM., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the most prevalent modified Mallampati index score was between 3 and 4, while grade 1 was the most prevalent tonsillar hypertrophy index score (46%). Cephalometry revealed angular and linear measurements with normally acceptable values for the hard tissues. Obese patients seem to have a normal craniofacial structure and the risk of developing OSAHS is especially related to obesity.
7. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Sleep Disorder
1. According to the study of "Quantification of sleep behavior and of its impact on the cross-talk between the brain and peripheral metabolism" by Hanlon EC, Van Cauter E., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that... Simultaneously, average sleep times have progressively decreased. Recently, evidence from both laboratory and epidemiologic studies has suggested that insufficient sleep may stimulate overeating and thus play a role in the current epidemic of obesity and diabetes,.... The findings provide evidence that sleep restriction does indeed impair glucose metabolism and alters the cross-talk between the periphery and the brain, favoring excessive food intake. A better understanding of the adverse effects of sleep restriction on the CNS control of hunger and appetite may have important implications for public health.
2. In a study of "Sleep apnea and obesity" by Yu JC, Berger P 3rd., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Perhaps, the strongest observational evidence to support a link between sleep apnea and obesity is the similarity in age distribution of symptomatic sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome. The putative causal links between sleep apnea and each individual component of the metabolic syndrome have been extensively evaluated and have implicated bidirectional causality in certain metabolic conditions, such as obesity and sleep apnea, sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus, and obesity and diabetes mellitus. These studies collectively suggest that even modest weight loss improves OSA, and positively affects both metabolic and cardiovascular risk profiles.
3. in the abstract of the study of "Pharmacological treatment of obstructive sleep apnea", by Abad VC, Guilleminault C., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a growing public health hazard fueled by the obesity epidemic and an aging population. Untreated sleep apnea can result in significant consequences both in the short-term and long-term. We need to educate the public to recognize the symptoms of sleep apnea and to publicize that effective treatments are available. Positive airway pressure therapy remains the gold standard currently in treating OSA. Alternative treatments include an oral appliance or surgical options. This paper discusses the pharmacologic treatment of sleep apnea: goals include medications to address the ventilatory control of breathing, treat co-morbid diseases, treat associated health problems/complaints, address special issues, such as anesthetic precautions, and propose future targets.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Sleep disorder (somnipathy) is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns. It’s important to understand why sleep disorder can deteriorate your health and interfere with normal physical, mental and emotional functioning as it effects your nervous system in the production of the natural hormone melatonin which is necessary for sleep and wakefulness. Polysomnography testing can help to evaluate and detect the patterns of sleep disorder.
D. How Obesity associates with Sleep Disorder
1. In the study of "Sleep apnea: a proinflammatory disorder that coaggregates with obesity" by Mehra R, Redline S., posted in PubMed, researchers found that this article elucidates mechanistic associations among obesity, sleep apnea, and systemic inflammation; highlights interrelationships between these factors with cardiopulmonary disease; and identifies specific areas for future research directions.
2. According to the abstract of the study of "Postoperative considerations for patients with obesity and sleep apnea" by Bell RL, Rosenbaum SH., posted in PubMed, researchers stated that p apnea and obesity are prevalent and often coexisting conditions that challenge medical, anesthetic, and surgical treatment. It is essential to possess knowledge of the magnitude of the sleep disorder as well as concomitant medical comorbidities. Management of obese patients requires a thorough preoperative evaluation and appraisal of anesthetic and operative risks. Postoperatively, these patients can present an additional challenge.
3. In a study of "Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient: implications for airway management" by Benumof JL., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient may be due, in part, to an increased amount of pharyngeal tissue. Therefore, there is an increased risk of intubation and extubation difficulties and pain management can be expected to be complicated by opioid/sedative-induced pharyngeal collapse.
4. In the abstract of the study of "The relationship between obesity and craniofacial structure in obstructive sleep apnea" by Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA, Ryan CF, Fleetham JA., posted in PubMed, researchers that there is a spectrum of upper airway soft-tissue and craniofacial abnormalities among OSA patients: obese patients with increased upper airway soft-tissue structures, nonobese patients with abnormal craniofacial structure, and an intermediate group of patients with abnormalities in both craniofacial structure and upper airway soft-tissue structures.
5. According to the study of "Cephalometric abnormalities in non-obese and obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea" by Sakakibara H, Tong M, Matsushita K, Hirata M, Konishi Y, Suetsugu S., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Japanese obstructive sleep apnoea patients have a series of cephalometric abnormalities similar to those described in Caucasian patients, and that the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese patients may be different from that in non-obese patients. In obese patients, upper airway soft tissue enlargement may play a more important role in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas in non-obese patients, bony structure discrepancies may be the dominant contributing factors for obstructive sleep apnoea.
6. In a study of "Dentofacial characteristics as indicator of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome in patients with severe obesity" by Maciel Santos ME, Laureano Filho JR, Campos JM, Ferraz EM., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the most prevalent modified Mallampati index score was between 3 and 4, while grade 1 was the most prevalent tonsillar hypertrophy index score (46%). Cephalometry revealed angular and linear measurements with normally acceptable values for the hard tissues. Obese patients seem to have a normal craniofacial structure and the risk of developing OSAHS is especially related to obesity.
7. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Sleep Disorder
1. According to the study of "Quantification of sleep behavior and of its impact on the cross-talk between the brain and peripheral metabolism" by Hanlon EC, Van Cauter E., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that... Simultaneously, average sleep times have progressively decreased. Recently, evidence from both laboratory and epidemiologic studies has suggested that insufficient sleep may stimulate overeating and thus play a role in the current epidemic of obesity and diabetes,.... The findings provide evidence that sleep restriction does indeed impair glucose metabolism and alters the cross-talk between the periphery and the brain, favoring excessive food intake. A better understanding of the adverse effects of sleep restriction on the CNS control of hunger and appetite may have important implications for public health.
2. In a study of "Sleep apnea and obesity" by Yu JC, Berger P 3rd., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Perhaps, the strongest observational evidence to support a link between sleep apnea and obesity is the similarity in age distribution of symptomatic sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome. The putative causal links between sleep apnea and each individual component of the metabolic syndrome have been extensively evaluated and have implicated bidirectional causality in certain metabolic conditions, such as obesity and sleep apnea, sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus, and obesity and diabetes mellitus. These studies collectively suggest that even modest weight loss improves OSA, and positively affects both metabolic and cardiovascular risk profiles.
3. in the abstract of the study of "Pharmacological treatment of obstructive sleep apnea", by Abad VC, Guilleminault C., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a growing public health hazard fueled by the obesity epidemic and an aging population. Untreated sleep apnea can result in significant consequences both in the short-term and long-term. We need to educate the public to recognize the symptoms of sleep apnea and to publicize that effective treatments are available. Positive airway pressure therapy remains the gold standard currently in treating OSA. Alternative treatments include an oral appliance or surgical options. This paper discusses the pharmacologic treatment of sleep apnea: goals include medications to address the ventilatory control of breathing, treat co-morbid diseases, treat associated health problems/complaints, address special issues, such as anesthetic precautions, and propose future targets.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Obesity's Complications http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/obesitys-complications.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Popular #Herbs - Alfalfa
A. Alfalfa is a flowering plant
in the genus Medicago, belonging to the family Fabaceae, It has been
cultivated all over the world as hay for cattle feeding. The leaves,
sprouts, and seeds to make medicine has been used in traditional
medicine over thousands of year to treat high cholesterol, asthma,
osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, enhance digestive
system, bleeding disorder, kidney and urinary tract infection, etc.
North Americal aboriginal has used Alfalfa seed as food, such as making
bread and mush.
B. Nutritional Supplements
1. Essential amino acids
2. Calcium
3. Magnesium
4. Potassium
5. Iron
6. Phosphorus
7. Zinc
8. Beta carotene
9. vitamin C
10. vitamins D
11.Vitamin E
12. Vitamin K
13. Etc.
C. Health benefits of Alfalfa
1. Antioxidant
In a study of measurements of pH, water holding capacity, color, oxymyoglobin content, TBARS and oxidation-reduction potential in evaluating the effects of a dietary protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa to turkey diets conducted by University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.(1), researchers found that TBARS and oxidation-reduction potential values suggested that the inclusion of the concentrate to turkey diets acts as an antioxidant in the raw meat.
2. Cholesterol
In a study to test the effect of Alfalfa used in traditional medicine to treat high blood cholesterol conducted by Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Stafford C.(2), in 3 human volunteers during ingestion of diets containing alfalfa seeds (AS) for 3 weeks, researchers found that Plasma cholesterol concentrations were reduced and No signs of toxicity were detected through serum determinations of multiple parameters. The ingestion of AS in rats decreased the concentration of plasma cholesterol, reduced intestinal absorption of exogenous and endogenous cholesterol, and increased fecal biliary excretion.
3. Hyperlipoproteinemia
In a study of Fifteen patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), types IIA (n = 8), IIB (n = 3) and IV (n = 4) were given 40 g of heat prepared alfalfa seeds 3 times daily at mealtimes for 8 weeks with otherwise unchanged diet, conducted by Mölgaard J, von Schenck H, Olsson AG.(3), found that patients with type II HLP alfalfa treatment caused after 8 weeks a maximal lowering of pretreatment median values of total plasma cholesterol from 9.58 to 8.00 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from 7.69 to 6.33 mmol/l (P less than 0.01), which corresponds to decreases of 17% and 18%, respectively. Maximal decrease was 26% in total cholesterol and 30% in LDL cholesterol. In two patients with hypercholesterolemia the LDL cholesterol decreased less than 5%. Apolipoprotein B decreased in the same period from 2.17 to 1.43 g/l (P less than 0.05) in type II HLP, corresponding to 34% decrease, whereas apolipoprotein A-I did not change. Body weight increased slightly during the first 4 weeks of alfalfa treatment (P less than 0.001) probably because of the caloric content in the alfalfa seeds. After cessation of treatment, all lipoprotein concentrations returned to pretreatment levels. We conclude that alfalfa seeds can be added to the diet to help normalize serum cholesterol concentrations in patients with type II HLP.
4. Disease of autoimmune
In a study of five groups of 12-week-old female mice were per oral treated with vehicle (control), lyophilized AS (550 mg wt/kg BW), ASEA (ASEA, 25 mg/kg BW), coumestrol (CUM, 0.075 mg/kg BW) and tamoxifen (TAM, 0.375 mg/kg BW) as the positive control, conducted by Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (4), researchers found that alhalfa decreased the disease severity, increased survival and life span of the autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice, suggesting a potential of ASEA in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
5. Anti-inflammatory activity
In a study of anti-inflammatory effects may be used for inflammatory disorders by examining alfalfa sprout ethyl acetate extract (ASEA) in ,ice coducted by College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.(5), researchers found that significantly higher survival rates than the control group and suggests that ASEA supplementation can suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviate acute inflammatory hazards.
6. Systemic lupus erythematosus
In experimental studies in primates ingesting alfalfa sprout seeds and L-canavanine (a prominent amino acid constituent of alfalfa) is presented,conducted by Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland (6), researchers indicate that a potential toxic and immunoregulatory role of L-canavanine in the induction of a systemic lupus-like disease in primates.
7. Menopause symptoms
In a study of Eight botanical preparations that are commonly used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms were tested for estrogenic activity, conducted by University of Illinois at Chicago (7), researchers found thatestrogenic components of plant extracts can be identified using assays for estrogenic activity along with screening and identification of the active components using ultrafiltration LC-MS. These data suggest a potential use for some dietary supplements, ingested by human beings, in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
8. Neuroprotective activity
In a study of the neuroprotective effect of methanol extract of Medicago sativa (MS, Alfalfa) on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in mice, conducted by Institute of Pharmacy, Solan 173 223, India. (8)found that suggest that treatment with MS enhances the antioxidant defense against BCAO-induced global cerebral ischemia and exhibits neuroprotective activity.
9. Etc
D. Side effects
1. High amount of vitamin K may reduce the effectiveness of anticogulation medicine
2. Causing additive effects for women who are under estrogen replecement therapy or taking the oral contraceptive pill.
3. It may cause stomach upset and diarrhea
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Popular Herbs http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/popular-herbs.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
(1) "Effect of protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa supplementation on physico-chemical properties of turkey breast and thigh muscles during ageing" by Karwowska M, Stadnik J, Dolatowski ZJ, Grela ER., posted in PubMed
(2) "Alfalfa seeds: effects on cholesterol metabolism." Posted in PubMed
(3) "Alfalfa seeds lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia", posted in PubMed
(4) " The ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout ameliorates disease severity of autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice" by Hong YH, Huang CJ, Wang SC, Lin BF., posted in PubMed
(5) "Ethyl acetate extracts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) sprouts inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo" by Hong YH, Chao WW, Chen ML, Lin BF., posted in PubMed
(6) "Dietary amino acid-induced systemic lupus erythematosus" by Montanaro A, Bardana EJ Jr., posted in PubMed
(7) "Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms" byLiu J, Burdette JE, Xu H, Gu C, van Breemen RB, Bhat KP, Booth N, Constantinou AI, Pezzuto JM, Fong HH, Farnsworth NR, Bolton JL., posted in PubMed
(8) "Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cerebroprotective Effect of Medicago sativa Linn. against Ischemia and Reperfusion Insult" by Bora KS, Sharma A., posted in PubMed
B. Nutritional Supplements
1. Essential amino acids
2. Calcium
3. Magnesium
4. Potassium
5. Iron
6. Phosphorus
7. Zinc
8. Beta carotene
9. vitamin C
10. vitamins D
11.Vitamin E
12. Vitamin K
13. Etc.
C. Health benefits of Alfalfa
1. Antioxidant
In a study of measurements of pH, water holding capacity, color, oxymyoglobin content, TBARS and oxidation-reduction potential in evaluating the effects of a dietary protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa to turkey diets conducted by University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.(1), researchers found that TBARS and oxidation-reduction potential values suggested that the inclusion of the concentrate to turkey diets acts as an antioxidant in the raw meat.
2. Cholesterol
In a study to test the effect of Alfalfa used in traditional medicine to treat high blood cholesterol conducted by Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Stafford C.(2), in 3 human volunteers during ingestion of diets containing alfalfa seeds (AS) for 3 weeks, researchers found that Plasma cholesterol concentrations were reduced and No signs of toxicity were detected through serum determinations of multiple parameters. The ingestion of AS in rats decreased the concentration of plasma cholesterol, reduced intestinal absorption of exogenous and endogenous cholesterol, and increased fecal biliary excretion.
3. Hyperlipoproteinemia
In a study of Fifteen patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), types IIA (n = 8), IIB (n = 3) and IV (n = 4) were given 40 g of heat prepared alfalfa seeds 3 times daily at mealtimes for 8 weeks with otherwise unchanged diet, conducted by Mölgaard J, von Schenck H, Olsson AG.(3), found that patients with type II HLP alfalfa treatment caused after 8 weeks a maximal lowering of pretreatment median values of total plasma cholesterol from 9.58 to 8.00 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from 7.69 to 6.33 mmol/l (P less than 0.01), which corresponds to decreases of 17% and 18%, respectively. Maximal decrease was 26% in total cholesterol and 30% in LDL cholesterol. In two patients with hypercholesterolemia the LDL cholesterol decreased less than 5%. Apolipoprotein B decreased in the same period from 2.17 to 1.43 g/l (P less than 0.05) in type II HLP, corresponding to 34% decrease, whereas apolipoprotein A-I did not change. Body weight increased slightly during the first 4 weeks of alfalfa treatment (P less than 0.001) probably because of the caloric content in the alfalfa seeds. After cessation of treatment, all lipoprotein concentrations returned to pretreatment levels. We conclude that alfalfa seeds can be added to the diet to help normalize serum cholesterol concentrations in patients with type II HLP.
4. Disease of autoimmune
In a study of five groups of 12-week-old female mice were per oral treated with vehicle (control), lyophilized AS (550 mg wt/kg BW), ASEA (ASEA, 25 mg/kg BW), coumestrol (CUM, 0.075 mg/kg BW) and tamoxifen (TAM, 0.375 mg/kg BW) as the positive control, conducted by Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (4), researchers found that alhalfa decreased the disease severity, increased survival and life span of the autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice, suggesting a potential of ASEA in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
5. Anti-inflammatory activity
In a study of anti-inflammatory effects may be used for inflammatory disorders by examining alfalfa sprout ethyl acetate extract (ASEA) in ,ice coducted by College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.(5), researchers found that significantly higher survival rates than the control group and suggests that ASEA supplementation can suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviate acute inflammatory hazards.
6. Systemic lupus erythematosus
In experimental studies in primates ingesting alfalfa sprout seeds and L-canavanine (a prominent amino acid constituent of alfalfa) is presented,conducted by Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland (6), researchers indicate that a potential toxic and immunoregulatory role of L-canavanine in the induction of a systemic lupus-like disease in primates.
7. Menopause symptoms
In a study of Eight botanical preparations that are commonly used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms were tested for estrogenic activity, conducted by University of Illinois at Chicago (7), researchers found thatestrogenic components of plant extracts can be identified using assays for estrogenic activity along with screening and identification of the active components using ultrafiltration LC-MS. These data suggest a potential use for some dietary supplements, ingested by human beings, in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
8. Neuroprotective activity
In a study of the neuroprotective effect of methanol extract of Medicago sativa (MS, Alfalfa) on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in mice, conducted by Institute of Pharmacy, Solan 173 223, India. (8)found that suggest that treatment with MS enhances the antioxidant defense against BCAO-induced global cerebral ischemia and exhibits neuroprotective activity.
9. Etc
D. Side effects
1. High amount of vitamin K may reduce the effectiveness of anticogulation medicine
2. Causing additive effects for women who are under estrogen replecement therapy or taking the oral contraceptive pill.
3. It may cause stomach upset and diarrhea
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Popular Herbs http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/popular-herbs.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
(1) "Effect of protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa supplementation on physico-chemical properties of turkey breast and thigh muscles during ageing" by Karwowska M, Stadnik J, Dolatowski ZJ, Grela ER., posted in PubMed
(2) "Alfalfa seeds: effects on cholesterol metabolism." Posted in PubMed
(3) "Alfalfa seeds lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia", posted in PubMed
(4) " The ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout ameliorates disease severity of autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice" by Hong YH, Huang CJ, Wang SC, Lin BF., posted in PubMed
(5) "Ethyl acetate extracts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) sprouts inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo" by Hong YH, Chao WW, Chen ML, Lin BF., posted in PubMed
(6) "Dietary amino acid-induced systemic lupus erythematosus" by Montanaro A, Bardana EJ Jr., posted in PubMed
(7) "Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms" byLiu J, Burdette JE, Xu H, Gu C, van Breemen RB, Bhat KP, Booth N, Constantinou AI, Pezzuto JM, Fong HH, Farnsworth NR, Bolton JL., posted in PubMed
(8) "Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cerebroprotective Effect of Medicago sativa Linn. against Ischemia and Reperfusion Insult" by Bora KS, Sharma A., posted in PubMed
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)