Sunday, 3 November 2013

Chinese Herbs – Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis)

Rou Dou Kou is also known as Nutmegs. The acrid, warm and toxic herb has been used in TCM to treat diarrhea, abdominal pain and flatulence, cold extremities, incontrollable diarrhea, lack of appetite and vomiting, weak digestion, vomiting and diarrhea, etc. as it warms the Middle Burner, moves Qi, stops incontinence of stools and anal ptosis due to chronic diarrhea, etc. by enhancing the functions of spleen, stomach and large intestine channels.

Ingredients
1. Pinene
2. Sabinene
3. Camphene
4. Myristicin
5. Eugenol¡
6. Safrol
7. Elemicin
8. Alpha-Thujene
9. Carene
10. Dipentene
11. Geraniol
12. Myristin
13.Olein
14. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Mutagenic and antimutagenic effects
In the study to investigate the potential anticancer efficacy of the leaf extract of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.). Methanol leaf extract of M. fragrans (Houtt.) alone for mutagenicity in the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, using the Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain, the Allium cepa, found that Phytochemical compounds, possessing antioxidant activity, may be responsible for the observed effects, suggesting a strong antimutagenic activity of the MeOH leaf extract of M. fragrans, a necessary characteristic of a promising anticancer agent.(1).
2. Sexual function improving effect
In the study to evaluate the aphrodisiac effect of 50% ethanolic extract of nutmeg along with its likely adverse effects and acute toxicity using various animal models, showed that he resultant significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity of normal male rats without any conspicuous adverse effects indicates that the 50% ethanolic extract of nutmeg possesses aphrodisiac activity, increasing both libido and potency, which might be attributed to its nervous stimulating property. The present study thus provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of nutmeg in the management of male sexual disorders(2).
3. Antibacterial activity
I the study to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Prasaprohyai formula and its components against pathogenic bacteria, showed the that Prasaprohyai formula and its components were able to inhibit the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria including multiresistant strains. The volatile oil extracts seemed to play an important role in antimicrobial activities. The development of Prasaprohyai formula for alternative medicine will be approached in future(3).
4. Antioxidant and antiangiogenic activities 
In the study to investigate the anti-angiogenic activity and antioxidant properties of Myristica fragrans (M. fragrans) (nutmeg) and Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia)(mengkudu) oils, indicated that nutmeg oil has higher antioxidant activity than mengkudu oil. The nutmeg oil effectively inhibited the oxidation of linoleic acid with (88.68±0.1)% while the inhibition percentage of oxidation of linoleic acid of the mengkudu oil is (69.44±0.4)%. The nutmeg oil and mengkudu oil showed reducing power with an EC(50) value of 181.4 μg/mL and 3 043.0 μg/mL, respectively. The antiangiogenic activity of nutmeg oil showed significant antiangiogenic activity with IC(50) of 77.64 μg/mL comparing to mengkudu oil which exhibits IC(50) of 109.30 μg/mL(4).
5. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
2. Do not use the herb in case of diarrhea due to damp-heat infection or food poisoning
3. Do not use the herb in case of hemorrhoids or gum infections
4. Etc.

 
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22149219
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16033651
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22619922
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22449521

Chinese Herbs– San Qi or Tian Qi (Radix Pseudoginseng)

San Qi is also known as pseudoginseng root. The sweet, slight bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM as anticoagulation, Anti-inflammation, anti cancers and anti aging agent and to lower cholesterol, stop bleeding, improve capillary circulation, etc., as it eliminates Blood accumulation, stops bleeding, Moves Blood, calms pain, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver, stomach and large intestine channels.

 Ingredients
1. Ginsenoside
2. Gamma-muurolene
3. Cyperene
4. Alpha-elemene
5. Gammma-cadinene
6. Delta-cadinene
7. Alpha-gurjunene
8. Alpha-guaiene
9.  Alpha-copaene
10. Beta-cuabebene PN and EPGF can promote VEC proliferation, migration, DNA synthesis and VEGF mRNA expression. The results suggest that they have a certain effect on the genesis and development of new vessels in the ischemic myocardium.
11. Caryophyllene
12. Delta-guaiene
13. Alpha-cedrene
14. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. HUVEC proliferation and secretion of VEGF
In the study to evaluate  the effects of Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula on secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, indicated that Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula can promote HUVEC proliferation and secretion of VEGF, as well as the expression of VEGFR-2 protein, which may be one of the mechanisms of Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula in promoting angiogenesis(1).
2. Vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration
In the study to investigate the effects of extracts from Panax notoginseng (EPN) and Panax ginseng fruit (EPGF) on the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, showed that PN and EPGF can promote VEC proliferation, migration, DNA synthesis and VEGF mRNA expression. The results suggest that they have a certain effect on the genesis and development of new vessels in the ischemic myocardium(2).
3. Angiogenic effect 
In the study to obser the angiogenic effects of PNS on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and zebrafish in vivo, found that PNS can promote angiogenesis, and that the proangiogenic effects involve the VEGF-KDR/Flk-1 and PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling pathways(3).
4. Renal interstitial fibrosis
In the study to investigate the effects of compound Radix Notoginseng (RN) on renal interstitial fibrosis and kidney-targeting treatment, the result indicated that RN and compound Radix Notoginseng (CRN) can inhibit UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats, and CRN treatment is more effective than RN in reducing interstitial fibrosis(4).
5. Herpes simplex virus
In the study of Notoginsenoside ST-4 inhibits virus penetration of herpes simplex virus in vitro, researchers found that analyzed by attachment assay and penetration assay based on plaque reduction assay, the antiviral activity of notoginsenoside ST-4 was principally due to the penetration inhibition effects, which was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy observation that notoginsenoside ST-4 blocked the penetration of virus. Therefore, notoginsenoside ST-4 might be a promising agent for herpes simplex virus infection(5).
6. Ischemic stroke
With the aim to investigate the synergistic action of low dose of aspirin combined with sanchitongshu capsule in the treatment of patients with light and moderate ischemic stroke in acute and subacute stages, with participants  assigned either to receive aspirin (50mg per day) and sanchitongshu capsule (200mg three times a day) or aspirin (50mg per day) and placebo capsule, showed that  low dose of aspirin combined with sanchitongshu capsule significantly ameliorated neurological deficit (increased score of ESS: t=-5.02, p<0.0001) and activities of daily living (increased score of BI: t=-2.4, p=0.0178) after treatment compared with aspirin alone. Adverse reaction which occurred equally in both arms, was light to moderate and disappeared without special treatment. Sanchitongshu capsule, as a complementary medicine to aspirin, was effective in improving outcomes after ischemic stroke. It was a safe drug in our trial(6).
7. Etc.

Side Effects
1. the herb may cause allergic effects
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.

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  Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20388479
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18568327
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19107746
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22455126
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21623512

Chinese Herbs – Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae)

Rou Cong Rong is also known as Cistanches. The sweet, salty and warm herb has been used in TCM to treat, impotence, constipation, infertility, excessive uterine bleeding, yeast infection, high blood pressure,  inflammation of the kidney, etc., as it tonifies the Kidneys, benefits the Yang, moistens the Intestines, Promotes bowel movement, etc. by enhancing the functions of large intestine and kidney channels.

Ingredients
1. Iridoids
2. Cistamin
3. Cistachlorine
4. Cistanosides A, B,C,D,E,F,G,
5. D-mannose,
6. β-Sitostero
7. Succinic acid
8. β-Sitosterol-glucoside
9. Cistanosides H, I,
10. Decaffeoylacteoside
11. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Prevent bone loss
In the study to assess the ability of traditional Chinese medicine Cistanches Herba extract (CHE) to prevent bone loss in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat,  Dr.Liang H, and the research team at Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, showed that The rats in the sham-operated group were anesthetized, laparotomized, and sutured without removing their ovaries. After 1 week of recovery from surgery, the OVX rats were randomly divided into three groups and orally treated with H(2)O (OVX group) or CHE (100 or 200 mg kg(-1) daily) for 3 months. The sham-operated group (n = 8) was orally treated with H(2)O. After 3 months, the total body bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), Bone biomechanical index, blood mineral levels and blood antioxidant enzymes activities were examined in sham-operated, ovariectomized and Cistanches Herba extract treated rats. Results showed that Cistanches Herba extract treatment significantly dose-dependently enhanced bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), maximum load, displacement at maximum load, stress at maximum load, load at auto break, displacement at auto break, and stress at auto break, and blood antioxidant enzymes activities, decreased blood Ca, Zn and Cu levels compared to the OVX group(1).
2. Kidney-deficiency syndrome
In the study to investigate the metabolic responses to Herba Cistanches intervention in a rat model of the hydrocortisone-induced ‘kidney-deficiency syndrome’, showed that the intervention of Herba Cistanches caused a systemic recovery from the hydrocortisone-induced metabolic perturbation in rats. This study also demonstrates that metabolic profiling is useful in studying therapeutic mechanisms of herbal medicines(2).
3. Kidney nourishing and yang strengthening functions
Oral administration of water extraction of three kinds of herba cistanches can increase the weight of young mice, prolong the duration of swimming and promote anoxia tolerance in mice. These water decoctions can also increase the body weight, the activities of SOD in serum and the lifespan of “Yang insufficient” model mice induced by administration of hydrocortisone acetate(3).
4. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of spleen deficiency
2. Do not use the herb in case of heat
3. Etc.


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Sources

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954345
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18328110
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7945844

Chinese Herbs – Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)

Rou Gui or Gui Zhi is also known as cinnamon bark or cinnamon twig accordingly. The acrid, sweet and warm herbs (Rou Gui very warm herb) have been used in TCM to treat cold limbs, chill and fever, cold phlegm, diarrhea, muscle spasm, headache, back pain, sweating and promote urination, etc., as it tonifies Fire, benefits the Yan, disperses Cold, calms pain, promotes circulation in the channels, moves Blood, etc. by enhancing the functions of heart, lung and bladder channels.

Ingredients
1. Cinnamic aldehyde
2. Cinnamyl acetate
3. Eugenol
4. Aldehyde
5. Pinene
6. Coumarin
7. Cinnamyl alcohol
8. Cinnamic acid
9. Cinnzeylanol
10. Cinnzeylanine
11. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Diabetes
In the investigation of the clinical potential of aqueous extract of cinnamon and it potential effects in diabetes found that high in type A polyphenols, have also demonstrated improvements in fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in women with insulin resistance associated with the polycystic ovary syndrome, according to”Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity” by Anderson RA.(1)
2. Immunomodulatory effect
In administration of popular herb used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders such as chronic gastric symptoms, arthritis, and the common cold and its immunomodulatory effect found that observations provided evidence that CWE was able to down-regulate IFN-γ expression in activated T cells without altering IL-2 production, involving inhibition of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, and STAT4, according to the study of “Immunomodulatory effect of water extract of cinnamon on anti-CD3-induced cytokine responses and p38, JNK, ERK1/2, and STAT4 activation” by Lee BJ, Kim YJ, Cho DH, Sohn NW, Kang H.(2)
3. Antimicrobial Activities
In the observation of three natural essential oils (i.e., clove bud oil, cinnamon oil, and star anise oil) and their antimicrobal effects found that the cinnamon oil-chitosan film had also better antimicrobial activity than the clove bud oil-chitosan film. The results also showed that the compatibility of cinnamon oil with chitosan in film formation was better than that of the clove bud oil with chitosan, according to the study of “Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Natural Essential Oils with Chitosan Films” by Wang L, Liu F, Jiang Y, Chai Z, Li P, Cheng Y, Jing H, Leng X.(3)
4. Anti-inflammatory activity
In the investigation of Myristicin (1-allyl-5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene) is an active aromatic compound found in nutmeg (the seed of Myristica fragrans), carrot, basil,cinnamon, and parsley and it anti-inflammatory effects found that Myristicin significantly inhibited the production of calcium, nitric oxide (NO),interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon inducible protein-10, monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1, MCP-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and leukemia inhibitory factor in dsRNA[polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid]-induced RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.05), according to the study of “Anti-inflammatory effect of myristicin on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid” by Lee JY, Park W.(4)
5. Cervical Cancer
In the evaluation of Eugenol, a potential chemopreventive agent, is a component of clove and several other spices such as basil, cinnamon, and bay leaves and its anti cancer effects found that eugenol exerts its anticancer activities via apoptosis induction and anti-inflammatory properties and also provide the first evidence demonstrating synergism between eugenol and gemcitabine, which may enhance the therapeutic index of prevention and/or treatment of cervical cancer, according to the study of “Eugenol enhances the chemotherapeutic potential of gemcitabine and induces anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activity in human cervical cancer cells” by Hussain A, Brahmbhatt K, Priyani A, Ahmed M, Rizvi TA, Sharma C.(5)
6. Menstrual pain
In the investigation of the alleviating effects of aromatherapy massage, including clary sage, marjoram, cinnamon, ginger, and geranium in a base of almond oil and acetaminophen on menstrual pain in Korean high school girls found that aromatherapy massage was found to be more highly associated with reduction in the level of menstrual pain than acetaminophen, according to the study of “Aromatherapy massage on the abdomen for alleviating menstrual pain in high school girls: a preliminary controlled clinical study” by Hur MH, Lee MS, Seong KY, Lee MK.(6)
7. Systolic Blood Pressure
In this study adult subjects 30 years of age or older with type 2 diabetes were randomized to treatment with 1,200 mg/day cinnamon found that Systolic blood pressure (SBP) declined from baseline values by 3.4±11.4 mm Hg in the cinnamon group, according to the study of “Dietary Cinnamon Supplementation and Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes” by Wainstein J, Stern N, Heller S, Boaz M.(7)
8. Anti biotic
In the investigation of cinnamaldehyde its effects in Campylobacter jejuni which is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide found that Films with ≥1.5% cinnamaldehyde reduced populations of all strains to below detection at 23 °C at 72 h. At 4 °C with cinnamaldehyde, reductions were variable for all strains, ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 logs and 1.8 to 6.0 logs at 1.5% and 3.0%, according to the study of “Antimicrobial edible apple films inactivate antibiotic resistant and susceptible Campylobacter jejuni strains on chicken breast” by Mild RM, Joens LA, Friedman M, Olsen CW, McHugh TH, Law B, Ravishankar S.(8)
9. Anti-atherosclerotic activity
In the observation of Aqueous extracts of ground pepper, cinnamon, rosemary, ginger, and clove and their effects in pathogenesis of diabetic complications and atherosclerosis found that Hydrophilic ingredients of cinnamon and clove showed potent activities to suppress the incidence of atherosclerosis and diabetes via strong antioxidant potential, prevention of apoA-I glycation and LDL-phagocytosis, following a 5-week high cholesterol diet, according to the study of “Water extracts of cinnamon and clove exhibits potent inhibition of protein glycation and anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic activity in zebrafish” by Jin S, Cho KH.(9)
10. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects
In the investigation of of Cinnamomi Cassiae extract of Cinnamon and it effects in antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic found that the fasting blood glucose and postprandial 2 h blood glucose levels in the cinnamon treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.01), whereas the serum insulin and adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the cinnamon treated group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum lipids and hepatic lipids were improved in the cinnamon administered group. Also the PPARalpha mRNA (liver) and PPARgamma mRNA (adipose tissue) expression levels were increased significantly in the cinnamon treated group (p < 0.05) in test mices, according to the study of “Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice” by Kim SH, Choung SY.(10)
11. Osteopenic disease
In the evaluation of Cinnamon zeylanicum and its effects in bone loss, including osteoporosis, bone metastasis, and rheumatoid arthritis found that cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde as active components reducing osteoclast-like cell formation and inhibiting NFATc1 expression. Notably, in a resorption pit assay, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde exhibited remarkable inhibition rates of 95% at 2 microM on bone resorption and concluded that Cinnamon zeylanicum inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. This finding raises prospects for the development of a novel approach in the treatment of osteopenic disease, according to the study of “Aldehydic components of cinnamon bark extract suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through NFATc1 downregulation” by Tsuji-Naito K.(11)
12. Cognitive impairment
In the examination of Orally administrated cinnamon extract and it effects in cognitive impairment found that oral administration of CEppt to an aggressive AD transgenic mice model led to marked decrease in 56 kDa Aβ oligomers, reduction of plaques and improvement in cognitive behavior, according to the study of “Orally administrated cinnamon extract reduces β-amyloid oligomerization and corrects cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease animal model” byFrydman-Marom A, Levin A, Farfara D, Benromano T, Scherzer-Attali R, Peled S, Vassar R, Segal D, Gazit E, Frenkel D, Ovadia M.(12)
13. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herbs in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
2. Cinnamaldehyde is toxic to liver
3. Do not use in case of liver fire ascending, warm-febrile diseases, Yin deficiency with heat,  etc.
4. Etc.

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Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
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Back to Popular Chinese Herbs  http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/chinese-herbs.html
 
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18234131
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053946
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034912
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991618
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21939359
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21949670
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861719
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21535839
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21443916
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20195835
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823786
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21305046
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886744

Chinese Herbs– Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)

Ru Xiang is also known as  Frankincense Carterii. The acrid, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM to treat pain due to blood clots, spastic muscle, carbuncles, gum bleeding, gingivitis,  rheumatoid arthritis, cirrhosis of liver, amenorrhea, etc., as it moves Blood, calms pain, solves oedema, romotes tissue regeneration, etc. by enhancing the functions of heart, liver and spleen channels.

Ingredients
1. Resin
2. Pinene, Dipentene
3. α Phellandrene
4. β Phellandrene
5. α-amyrone,
6. α-amyrinone
7. α-amyrin
8. β-amyrin
8. Viridiflorol
9. Insensole
10. Insensole oxide
11. Etc.


Health Benefits
1. Arthritis
In the random, blinded study, the anti-arthritic effects of a BC extract were observed and compared to vehicle control in a Lewis rat adjuvant arthritis model (n=8/group), showed that At 0.90 g/kg per day, BC significantly decreased arthritic scores between days 20 and 25 (p<0.05) and reduced paw edema on days 18, 20 and 22 compared to control (p<0.05). It also significantly suppressed local tissue TNF-alpha and IL-1beta (p<0.05). No major adverse effects were observed in animals during the repeated-dose treatment profile although mild fur discoloration was noted(1).
2. Persistent inflammation
In this randomized, blinded study, the antihyperalgesic and antiedema effects of 3 dosages of BC were compared to a vehicle control. Inflammation was induced in rats by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into one hind paw, showed that BC produces significant antihyperalgesia and anti-inflammation effects and that the antihyperalgesia may be mediated by suppressed inflammation-induced Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn neurons(2).
3. Antiproliferative and apoptotic activities
In the study to investigate the digallic acid (DGA) purified from Pistacia lentiscus. L fruits for its antiproliferative and apoptotic activities on human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells, showed that the inhibition of lymphoblastoid cell proliferation was noted from 8.5 mug/ml of DGA. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation and PARP cleavage. We have demonstrated that DGA induces apoptosis by activating the caspase-8 extrinsic pathway. Caspase-3 was also activated in a dose dependent manner(3).
4. Anti-inflammatory activity
In the study of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L., using carrageenan induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma. indicated that on topical application, the oil exhibited a significant decrease in paw edema. The oil also inhibited cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and reduced serum TNF-alpha and IL-6. It can be concluded that the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus reduces leukocyte migration to the damaged tissue and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
5. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of spleen deficiency
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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Back to Popular Chinese Herbs  http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/chinese-herbs.html
 
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15970410
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15865500
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22686580
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164803

Chinese Herbs – San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)

San Leng is also known as Burreed Rhizome. The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been used in TCM to promote blood clots, inhibit thrombosis, lower the  blood viscosity, etc. as it breaks up the Blood,  eliminates Blood accumulation, moves Qi. calms pain, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver and spleen channels.

Ingredients
1. benzeneethanol
2. 1,4-benzenediol
3. Hexadecanoic acid
4. Dehydrocostuslactone
5. 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzopyran-4-one
6. 1-hydroxy-2-acetyl-4-methylbenzene
7. β-elemene
8.  2- furanmethanol
9. 2-acetylpyrrole
10. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Antioxidant Activities
In an efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction technique was employed to extract total flavonoids from Sparganii rhizoma, indicate that the antioxidant activities of the purified flavonoids including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS<sup>+</sup> radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion scavenging activity, were evaluated<em> in vitro</em>, which suggested that the flavonoids showed significant antioxidant activities. Rutin, kaempferol and formononetin were identified in the extract by comparing relative retention times and UV-Vis spectra with those of reference standards(1).
2. Anti-angiogenesis and anti-estrogen pharmacologic activities
In the studied Rhizoma Sparganii (RS) potential toxicity on reproduction in mice, indicated that he offspring of treated mice (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg RS extract) during their pregnancy had various pathological conditions, suggesting an abnormal fibroblast growth factor-(FGF) signaling phenomenon during pregnancy. Embryos from the 400 mg/kg group had significantly depressed levels of FGF-1 (P < 0.01) and VEGF (P < 0.05) expression levels as compared to controls by immunohistochemical test. Dysplasia in the heart (12.9%), craniofacial region (18.3%) and vertebrae (32.5%) presented in embryos of the 400 mg/kg group. Furthermore, the ER-α expression was inversely proportional to FGF-1 levels in the same embryo (P < 0.01) and concluded that these results implicate a FGF signaling abnormality in vivo and indicate that RS has anti-angiogenesis and anti-estrogen toxicity effects in pregnant rodents(2).
3. Primary dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome
In the study of patients with primary dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome were randomly divided into an application group and a medication group. The application group of 31 cases were treated with application of Chinese medicine composed of Zhinanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis), Sanleng (Rhizoma Sparganii), Ezhu (Rhizoma Zedoariae), etc. at Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6); and the medication group of 30 cases were treated with oral administration of Tianqi Tongjing Capsules, found that the total effective rate of 93.5% in the application group was significantly better than 73.3% in the medication group (P < 0.05); after treatment, the scores of the symptoms were significantly decreased in the two groups (both P < 0.01), with more obvious improvement in the application group than the medication group (P < 0.01). The PGE2 content was significantly increased, and the PGF2alpha content and PGF2alpha/PGE2 were significantly decreased in the application group (all P < 0.01)(3).
4. Hepatic cells
In the investigation of  the effects of rhizoma sparganii and radices zedoariae on hepatic fibrosis, showed that Rhizoma sparganii and radices zedoariae can protect hepatic cells, alleviate degeneration and necrosis, recover structure and function, and reduce the proliferation of fibrous tissue(4).
5. Etc.
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of spleen deficiency without blood stasis
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to Popular Chinese Herbs  http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/chinese-herbs.html
 
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664466
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21878384
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19565730
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12776535

Allergies - Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis)

Allergy is the over reaction of immune system to harmless substances after entering our body affecting 1 in every 3 people.

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Causes
Allergy is defined as the type I reactions or Immediate Hypersensitivity as a result of
over production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE), a class of allergic antibody by the immune system against harmless substance that lead to mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, resulting in allergic reaction, including sneezing, nasal congestion and eyes irritation


Types of Allergy
E. Hay Fever
Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is defined as condition of inflammation of nasal airway, effecting mostly in the nose and eyes as a result of the over reaction of immune system in production of production of the antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an allergen, a harmless substance such as pollen, dust, etc. It is one of most common allergies in US.

E. 1. How to determine the severity of the allergic effects

Depending to the allergy stimulating effect, some researchers suggested to scale the severity from 1 to 4 and followed by degeneration scale, but from -1 to -4
E.1.1. The severity scale from +1 to +4
+1. The first level of stimulation
If there is no symptoms at all or If the patient is alert and function morally after allergic is eaten
+2. The second level of stimulation
The patient have become irritable, hyperactive, tense, thirsty, etc. after a suspected allergic foods is eaten
+3. The third level of stimulation
The patient have become hypomanic, aggressive, apprehensive, etc.
+4. The fourth level of stimulation
The patient have become mania, agitation, over excitement, etc.

E.1.2. Degeneration scale from -1 to -4
-1. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of runny nose, hive, diarrhea, etc.
-2. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of tiredness, fatigue, swelling etc.
-3. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of depression, mental disturbance, confusion, mood change, etc.
-4. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of sever depression, paranoia, etc.

E. 2. Symptoms
Symptoms are the result of airway inflammation of which can affects the daily activity including quality of life, productivity, and other chronic conditions, including asthma.
In the study of " Nasal endoscopy in children with suspected allergic rhinitis." by Ameli F, Brocchetti F, Tosca MA, Signori A, Ciprandi G. (Source from ENT Unit, Villa Montallegro Private Clinic, Genoa.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that in 176 children (99 males; mean age, 7.5 years) studied. Clinical visit, nasal endoscopy, and skin prick test were performed in all patients. Nasal endoscopic signs were pale turbinates, middle turbinate contact, and inferior turbinate contact. The AR diagnosis was made when nasal symptom history was concordant with sensitization. AR was diagnosed in 141 children. Inferior and middle turbinate contact were reliable predictive factors for AR (odds ratio 5.38 and 3.42, respectively), whereas pale turbinates did not predict it and researchers suggested that that nasal endoscopy may reveal signs predictive for AR diagnosis in children.
1. Nasal congestion, a clear
2. Runny nose,
3. Sneezing, nose and
4. Eye itching
5. Excess tear production
6. Asthma
7. Etc.

E.3. Diagnosis
If you are experience Allergic Rhinitis, it is possible to find what types of allergen have trigger that. After recording the family history and a complete physical exam. you doctor may order
1. Skin test
a. Intradermal test
It is one of most common test but time consuming( some patient may return for more 20 time for the injection) in diagnosis of allergy and depending to the symptoms, by injecting small amounts of diluted allergens into the top layers of the skin to see how the immune system react to them.
b. Skin prick testing
Similar to the Intradermal test, but the diagnosis involves in applying a drop of allergen into to punctures made on the skin.

2. Blood test ((RadioAllergoSorbent Test)
This is the test for evaluating of the levels of IgE-mediated reaction to a particular allergen. If you RAST score is higher than the predictive value, 95% chance you will have an allergic reaction. Unfortunately, non-IgE mediated allergies cannot be detected by this method.

3. Challenge Tests
Because of the risk of anaphylaxis, most doctors will avoid the test unless it is absolutely necessary and the test is performed only in the hospital. In this test, suspected allergen package into capsule taken by patient and signs or symptoms of an allergic reaction are observed.

4. Etc.

E.4. Prevention
There is no way to prevent hay fever. But one can always enhance the immune system by eating healthy and living a healthy lifestyle. For more information of healthy foods, visit 100+ Healthy Foods Classification


E.5. Treatments
E.5.1. Conventional medicine
According to the "Treatment of allergic rhinitis." American Family Physician - Volume 81, Issue 12 (June 2010), posted in MD preview, the writer wrote that allergic rhinitis is a common chronic respiratory illness that affects quality of life, productivity, and other comorbid conditions, including asthma. Treatment should be based on the patient's age and severity of symptoms. Patients should be advised to avoid known allergens and be educated about their condition. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective treatment and should be first-line therapy for mild to moderate disease. Moderate to severe disease not responsive to intranasal corticosteroids should be treated with second-line therapies, including antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and nonpharmacologic therapies (e.g., nasal irrigation). With the exception of cetirizine, second-generation antihistamines are less likely to cause sedation and impair performance. Immunotherapy should be considered in patients with a less than adequate response to usual treatments. Evidence does not support the use of mite-proof impermeable covers, air filtration systems, or delayed exposure to solid foods in infancy.
1. There is no specific treatment for Hay fever, but depending to the symptoms. Medication includes bronchodilators, anti-allergics, antihistamines, NSAIDs, etc.
2. Allergic shot
Allergy shot, also known as immunotherapy, contains extracts from the most common substance which people are allergic to, including pollen, insects, pets, etc., by providing long-term relief from certain symptoms. In some people, after series of allergic shot, the disease is cured

E.5.2. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Since Allergies are caused by immune over reaction of certain harmless substance, enhancing immue system is one of the best way to prevent and treat them as some researchers suggested that allergies may be caused by weakened immune system over aggression. Vitamin A, E, C are antioxidants and free radical scavengers, they protect the immune system from free radicals attack and help to reduce levels of histamine in the blood. For more information of antioxidants and health effects

2. Vitamin D
According to the article " Vitamin D deficiency may be a factor in development of allergies posted in Washing Post, Monday, March, 7, 2011, " Allergies and Vitamin D, Youths low in 'sunshine vitamin' may be more prone to allergies",the author wrote that analyzed data on 6,590 people, roughly half of them 21 years of age and younger and half older. The group was deemed representative of the U.S. population. Vitamin D levels were determined by blood tests, as was sensitivity to 17 common allergens. Among the youths, food and environmental allergies were greater in those with lower levels of Vitamin D. Young people deficient in Vitamin D were about twice as likely as those with higher levels of the nutrient to have peanut or ragweed allergies and nearly five times as likely to be allergic to oak.

3. B-complex
in a study of "Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in elderly adults." by Meydani SN, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Russell RM, Sahyoun N, Morrow FD, Gershoff SN., USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs in vitro indices of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly adults. This impairment is reversible by vitamin B-6 repletion.

4. N-accetyl-cysteine (NAC)
It is an antioxidant and an amino acid precursor to glutathione which helps to strengthen immune system against cold, flu and allergy and enhances the respiratory system functioning.

5. Minerals
a. Zinc
It corrects the digestive system cause of allergy as a result of deficient production of stomach acid.
b. Calcium
It beside is considered as essential mineral for healthy bone, calcium is also important to reduce the risk of allergy. According to the study of "Calcium-deficiency rickets in a four-year-old boy with milk allergy." by Davidovits M, Levy Y, Avramovitz T, Eisenstein B.(Nephrology Unit, Children's Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that These findings were thought to be the result of dietary calcium deficiency caused by the prolonged elimination from his diet of cow milk and milk products because of allergy. Adequate intake of calcium resulted in rapid improvement.

c. Potassium
It enhance the adrenal gland function, thus reducing the symptoms of allergy cause of fatigue, weakness, tiredness
d. Magnesium
It is vital to relieve the allergy symptom of asthma and respiratory problems
e. Etc.

6. Etc.

E.5.3. Herbs
1. Panax Ginseng
In a study of "Effects of Red Ginseng extract on allergic reactions to food in Balb/c mice." by


Sumiyoshi M, Sakanaka M, Kimura Y. (Division of Functional Histology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers suggested that It may also protect against sensitization to antigens as an immunomodulator by increasing intestinal IgA secretion without affecting antigen-specific IgE levels. In conclusion, Red Ginseng roots may be a natural preventative of food allergies.


2. Garlic
It is best known for treating cold and flu and enhances immune system against alll types of foreign invasion. According to the study of "Immunomodulatory Effects of Aged Garlic Extract"

Eikai Kyo, Naoto Uda, Shigeo Kasuga and Yoichi Itakur, Posted in the "Journal of Nutrition" in March 2001, researchers strongly suggest that AGE (Aged Garlic Extract) could be a promising candidate as an immune modifier, which maintains the homeostasis of immune functions; further studies are warranted to determine when it is most beneficial.

3. Turmeric
Turmeric paste has been used in traditional herbal medicine as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, it also helps to treat allergy. According to an article "Vitamin D and turmeric for allergies" by Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon posted in Washington Post, May 11-2009, the authors wrote that In animal studies, turmeric prevents the release of histamine from mast cells (Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, September 2008). If it works similarly in humans, this would prevent allergy symptoms from developing.

4. Butterbur
Has been used over thousand of years in herbal medicine in treating symptoms of allergy, including to treat coughs,, asthma, stress, muscle relaxant, etc..According to the article of "Allergy" posted in The University of Michigan health System, the article indicated Two double-blind studies have compared butterbur extract to standard antihistamine drugs in people with hay fever. The first compared it with the drug cetirizine (Zyrtec) and found the drug and butterbur extract relieved symptoms equally well. However, cetirizine caused significantly more adverse effects, including a high rate of drowsiness.4 The second study compared butterbur extract with fexofenadine (Allegra) and placebo. Butterbur extract was as effective as fexofenadine at relieving symptoms, and both were significantly better than placebo.

5. Ginkgo
Ginkgo leaves contain ginkgolides, which inhibit platelet-activating factor cause of asthma and allergies. according to the study of "Ginkgolides Antagonizing Some Effects of Platelet-activating Factor in Vitro" vy Dong JC, Li M, Shi ZY (Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University) posted in Chiro.org, researchers found that exposure of guinea pigs' bronchus to PAF in vitro resulted in a loss of beta-adrenergic receptors and responses to isoproterenol, and this effect of PAF was prevented by prior incubation of the guinea pigs' bronchus with ginkgolides (P < 0.05). The results showed ginkgolides were a potent PAF antagonist.

6. Etc.

E.5.4. Traditional Chinese medicine
In a study of "Complementary and alternative medicine in pediatric allergic disorders." by Li XM. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA., posted in PubMed, researcher indicated that in the last 2-3 years, there have been more controlled studies of TCM for allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Several publications including ours indicate that some TCM herbal formulas are well tolerated and produce some level of efficacy. Some herbal formulas also showed beneficial immunomodualtory effects. Several preclinical studies demonstrated that the food allergy herbal formula-2 was effective in protecting against peanut anaphylaxis in animal models. Two TCM products have entered clinical trials in the United States for treating asthma and food allergy, respectively. Both of these trials include children. In Summary, researcher concluded that Recent studies indicate that TCM therapy including herbal medicines and acupuncture for allergic disorders in children is well tolerated. There are also promising clinical and objective improvements. More controlled clinical studies are encouraged.
1. Xin Yi Hua is a lily-shaped flower with a hairy bud and Xin-yi-san (Magnolia Flower Powder)
a. It is a type of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat allergy and dramatically reduces the symptoms of sneezing, anosmia, nasal congestion and profuse rhinorrhea (runny nose) caused by allergies triggered by dust mites, pets and fungi.
According to the study of "Traditional Chinese medicine, Xin-yi-san, reduces nasal symptoms of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis by its diverse immunomodulatory effects" by
Sien-Hung Yang, Chia-Li Yu, Ying-Lin Chen, Sheng-Lin Chiao, Mei-Ling Chen f. Posted in International Immunopharmacology 10 (2010) 951–958, researchers found that this proposal is based on the fact that different combinations of Chinese herbs involve different mechanisms. It appears that the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects derived from the mixed formula of Chinese herbs are broader than XYS. Nevertheless,we found that XYS alone sufficiently exerts immunomodulatory effects on patients with AR.
In conclusion, this study provides evidence to support that XYS, when used singly, is beneficial in nasal allergic inflammation through enhancing IL-10 and IL-8 production.
b. Ingredient
Main use: Expels wind-cold, unblocks nasal passages, congestion, loss of smell, sinus headache.