Fainting (Syncope)

I. Fainting also known as Syncope of "black out" is defined as a condition of sudden loss of consciousness followed by the return to full wakefulness in a short duration as a result of  abnormally low blood pressure. In most cases, it is caused by hypotension, with blood pressure that's lower than 90/60 mmHg.(1). Even though Low blood pressure has mainly been regarded as good health for people who exercise, but recent studies have indicated an association with depression in elderly people. there are epidemiological evidence for an association of low blood pressure with anxiety and depression, which is not caused by cardiovascular disease.(2). In some case, severely low blood pressure can seriously impair adequate blood flow to vital organs and a life-threatening condition called shock.

II. Symptoms
In the study of Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, the research team of Wieling W found that Prior to loss of consciousness the affected individual tends to exhibit unclear thinking[1], followed by fixation of the eyes[2] in the midline and a 'frozen' appearance[3]. Narrowing of the field of vision with loss of colour vision[4] ('greying' out) and finally a complete loss of vision[5] (hence 'blacking' out) occurs. Hearing loss[6] may occur following loss of vision. This process may take as little as approximately 7 s in cases of sudden complete circulatory arrest[7] (e.g. abrupt asystole), but in other circumstances it may take longer depending on the rate and depth of cerebral hypoperfusion[8]. Complete loss of consciousness occurs with the 'turning up' of the eyeballs. Profound cerebral hypoperfusion may be accompanied by myoclonic jerks[9].(3)

III. Causes and risk factors
Causes of fainting may be a result of your heart rate and blood vessels can't react fast enough when your body's need for oxygen changes
1. History of any cardiovascular disease and and cardiac arrhythmias
 In  a study of consecutive patients evaluated for syncope from 1996 through 1998 at an academic medical center, we documented causes, clinical characteristics, and recurrence of syncope while driving. Of 3877 patients identified, 381 (9.8%) had syncope while driving (driving group). Compared with the 3496 patients (90.2%) who did not have syncope while driving, the driving group was younger (P=0.01) and had higher percentages of male patients (P<0.001) and patients with a history of any cardiovascular disease (P=0.01) and stroke (P=0.02). Syncope while driving was commonly caused by neurally mediated syncope (37.3%) and cardiac arrhythmias (11.8%). Long-term survival in the driving group was comparable to that of an age- and sex-matched cohort from the Minnesota population (P=0.15). Among the driving group, syncope recurred in 72 patients, 35 of whom (48.6%) had recurrence >6 months after the initial evaluation. Recurrences during driving happened in 10 patients in the driving group, 7 of which (70%) were >12 months after the initial evaluation.(4)

2. Low blood pressure 
researchers suggested that Syncope due to orthostatic hypotension (OH) refers to loss of consciousness caused by hypotension induced by the upright position; it is an important risk factor for fall-related physical injuries, especially in the elderly adults(5). Other report indicated that eventhough Low blood pressure has mainly been regarded as good health for people who exercise, but recent studies have indicated an association with depression in elderly people. there are epidemiological evidence for an association of low blood pressure with anxiety and depression, which is not caused by cardiovascular disease.

3.  Parkinson's disease and neurological comorbidity in olders
Low blood pressure is considered as a major cause of fainting of patient older than 65 years as a result of  Parkinson's disease and neurological comorbidity. (5)

4.  Medication
there is a report that in patients with AD treated with donepezil, a noninvasive evaluation identified a probable cause of syncope in over two-thirds of patients. Cardiovascular abnormalities were predominant. Noninvasive evaluation is recommended before discontinuing treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with AD and unexplained syncope.(6)

5. Hemodynamic ischemia 
There a report that a patient with convulsive syncope whose convulsive movements seemed to be associated with transient hemodynamic ischemia in the basal ganglia. In Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, a significant decrease in blood flow was revealed in the anterior part of the left basal ganglia, bilateral frontal areas, and right cerebellar hemisphere. An alteration in the functional balance between the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortices may play a role in the generation of convulsive movements in patients with convulsive syncope.(7)

6. Vertebrobasilar disease
Vertebrobasilar disease is a broad classification describing the condition where there is an insufficient delivery of blood flow via the vertebral and/or basilar arteries to the brain.(8)

7. Vasovagal (situational) syncope
A vasovagal episode or vasovagal response or vasovagal attack (also called neurocardiogenic syncope) is a malaise mediated by the vagus nerve. When it leads to syncope or "fainting", it is called a vasovagal syncope, which is the most common type of fainting(9)

8. Deglutition syncope 
Deglutition suncope is defined as a  loss of consciousness on swallowing. There are report that a 49-year-old woman was referred to the ENT department with a 1.5-year history of dysphagia accompanied by globus sensation and regurgitation as well as recurrent syncopal attacks associated with swallowing solid foods(10) and a case of swallow syncope associated with cold beverage ingestion(11) and a woman who faints when she eats and drinks(12) may be as a result of an ambulatory electrocardiogram revealed atrial and ventricular asystoles immediately after swallowing (13)

9. Cardiac syncope
Structural cardiac abnormalities may cause syncope include cardiac obstructions, pulmonary hypertension, and myocardiopathy. Children with congenital heart disease who experienced syncope should always be referred to a specialist. Primary arrhythmias which are easily diagnosed on ECG are complete atrio-ventricular block and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. "Channelopathies" such as the long OT syndrome and catecholaminergic ventricular tachycardia are increasingly recognized in children, carry a high risk of sudden death and deserve a complete work up, including familial screening and lifelong treatment with beta-blockers(14)

10. History of diaphoresis In the investigation of   whether the pattern of presyncopal prodromal symptoms can predict the recurrence probability of vasovagal syncope, fifty-four patients (68.4%) reported at least one of the four main prodromal symptoms. Median syncopal +/- presyncopal spells were 4 episodes. Forty-two patients (53.2%) experienced recurrence of syncope or presyncope during the follow-up period. In recurrent symptomatic patients, diaphoresis had been more significantly reported in their past medical history (p = 0.018) and they had more syncopal spells before TTT (p = 0.001). Age, gender and type of TTT response did not have any effect on the recurrence of VVS.(15)

11.  Prolonged exercise
Some researchers suggested that the magnitude of exercise-induced hypotension (post-exercise hypotension; PEH), and the hypotensive response to postural change (initial orthostatic hypotension; IOH) are predictors of syncope post-exercise, but research team from the University of Otago, found that endurance athletes who present with greater hypotension are not necessarily at a greater risk of syncope than those who present with lesser reductions in BP.(16)

12.  Chiari type I malformation (CMI)
Chiari type I malformation (CMI) is a congenital hindbrain anomaly characterized by downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. Chiari type I malformation often presents with a complex clinical picture and can be sporadic or linked to a variety of genetic conditions. (17)

13. Low blood sugar
In the study of Syncope and Hypoglycemia posted in International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2011, 2, 129-132 doi:10.4236/ijcm.2011.22023 Published Online May 201, showed that hypoglycemic syncope should be sus-pected in older diabetic patients with preserved postural tone, usually but not always using insulin therapy, who show a slow recovery from transient loss of consciousness with persisting neurological impairment and low blood glucose levels.(18)

14. Dehydration 
Dehydration  is defined as a condition of  the excessive loss of body fluid. of which can lead to symptoms of decreased blood pressure (hypotension), and dizziness or fainting(19)

15. Family history
In the study conducted by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, researchers showed that family history of fainting is not a risk factor for adult-onset NMH in fatigued veterans. Our findings may differ from other studies of familial aggregation in NMH because of study methods or because NMH-fatiguers may differ from NMH-fainters.(20)

16. Pregnancy
A 23-year-old woman at 34 weeks' gestation developed recurrent syncope due to profound sinus arrest captured on electrocardiography. Syncopal events occurred in the same sitting position. An echocardiogram revealed severe collapse of the inferior vena cava each time the patient changed her posture from a supine to a sitting position, which was related to the syncope.(21)

17. Etc.

IV. Diagnosis
In the Part 1 of two-part unit outlines. Dr. Meyer A. indicated that the various possible causes of transient loss of consciousness (blackouts), the importance of accurate diagnosis and the impact of misdiagnosis. It also discusses the establishment of specialist clinics in order to help with diagnosis and management.
(22) Other researchers suggested that Syncope is much more common than epilepsy and may present with symptoms akin to the latter. This fact is not well appreciated and often leads to misdiagnosis.(23)
A. Misdiagnosis
1. Seizure
Neurocardiogenic syncope (NCS) can be mistaken as a seizure. Scientists at the Capital Health Authority found that NCS is commonly misdiagnosed as epilepsy. Some patients had an incorrect diagnosis for > 10 years. Patients with this misdiagnosis are often excessively investigated, inappropriately treated, and have unnecessary restrictions placed on driving and employment(24)

2. Cardiac arrest
In the report of presents two patients, both known to have cardiac disease, with implanted cardiac devices, who presented with loss of consciousness, who were initially investigated for epilepsy, but were subsequently shown to have had a cardiac arrhythmia, diagnosed following device interrogation.(25)

3. Status cataplecticus 
A 76-year-old patient, since the age of 45, presented with frequent attacks often triggered by emotional stimuli and characterised by forward head drop and a fall to the ground without loss of consciousness. Status cataplecticus misdiagnosed as recurrent syncope(26)

4. Etc.

B. Diagnosis
1. According to the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine suggestion in Diagnosing syncope. Part 1, Dr. Linzer M,  and the team indicated that Despite the absence of a diagnostic gold standard and the paucity of data from randomized trials, several points emerge. First, history, physical examination, and electrocardiography are the core of the syncope workup (combined diagnostic yield, 50%). Second, neurologic testing is rarely helpful unless additional neurologic signs or symptoms are present (diagnostic yield of electroencephalography, computed tomography, and Doppler ultrasonography, 2% to 6%). Third, patients in whom heart disease is known or suspected or those with exertional syncope are at higher risk for adverse outcomes and should have cardiac testing, including echocardiography, stress testing. Holter monitoring, or intracardiac electrophysiologic studies, alone or in combination (diagnostic yields, 5% to 35%). Fourth, syncope in the elderly often results from polypharmacy and abnormal physiologic responses to daily events. Fifth, long-term loop electrocardiography (diagnostic yield, 25% to 35%) and tilt testing (diagnostic yield < or = 60%) are most useful in patients with recurrent syncope in whom heart disease is not suspected. Sixth, psychiatric evaluation can detect mental disorders associated with syncope in up to 25% of cases. Seventh, hospitalization may be indicated for patients at high risk for cardiac syncope (those with an abnormal electrocardiogram, organic heart disease, chest pain, history of arrhythmia, age > 70 years) or with acute neurologic signs and suggested that Many tests for syncope have a low diagnostic yield. A careful history, physical examination, and electrocardiography will provide a diagnosis or determine whether diagnostic testing is necessary in most patients.(27)

2. According to the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine suggestion in Diagnosing syncope. Part 2. Dr. Linzer M,  and the team indicated that after a thorough history, physical examination, and electrocardiography, the cause of syncope remains undiagnosed in 50% of patients. In such patients, information may be derived from the results of carefully selected diagnostic tests, especially 1) electrophysiologic studies in patients with organic heart disease, 2) Holter monitoring or telemetry in patients known to have or suspected of having heart disease, 3) loop monitoring in patients with frequent events and normal hearts, 4) psychiatric evaluation in patients with frequent events and no injury, and 5) tilt-table testing in patients who have infrequent events or in whom vasovagal syncope is suspected. Hospitalization is indicated for high-risk patients, especially those with known heart disease and elderly patients.(28)
 
V. Preventions

A. Do and do not list
1. Avoid fatigue
  It may be the result of the physiological mechanisms that regulate blood pressure and actually trigger neurally mediated hypotension, because of miscommunication between the heart and the brain which causes blood pressure to lower when it should rise.(29)

2. Anxiety, fear, pain, intense emotional stress, hunger, or use of alcohol or drug
Sometime, you may suffer a simple fainting spell as a result of anxiety, fear, pain, intense emotional stress, hunger, or use of alcohol or drugs. Most people who suffer from simple fainting have no underlying heart or neurological (nerve or brain) problem.(30)

3. Avoid changing positions quickly and standing for long periods of time, always getting up from a sitting or lying-down position slowly by preventing postural hypotension cause of fainting

4. Drink plenty of fluids
At least 8-10 glasses per day is necessary to enhance the blood volume.

5. Aerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise can also help prevent fainting, and strengthening the leg muscles can improve the circulation and helps avoid pooling of blood in the lower part of the body.

6. Sleep with the foot of your bed raised
The position will promote blood flow to the brain and allow the blood trapped in the legs to return to the heart.

7. Avoid Wearing elastic stockings 
As this may cause blood to be trapped in the leg of which reduce blood flow to the brain

8. Medication, such as diuretic, Vasodilators (hydralazine, nitrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may cause the drop of blood pressure excessively

9. Tight clothing around the neck can reduce blood flow to the brain

10. Avoid caffeine
Too much caffeine may cause an arrhythmia(31), a fast or irregular heartbeat of that can lead chest pain, fainting, dizziness, shortness of breath, etc.

11. Etc.
B. Diet against syncope 
1. Salmon
a. Cardiovascular disease
It contains high levels of Omega-3 Fatty Acids that helps to reduce the levels of bad cholesterol, thus reducing the risk of hardening of arteries and veins and damaging the functions of amino acids in repairing the cardiovascular tissues according to the study of "Fish oil for the treatment of cardiovascular disease" by Weitz D, Weintraub H, Fisher E, Schwartzbard AZ, posted in PubMed(32)

b. Antioxidants
In the research of the antioxidant effect of vitamin E after ingestion of salmon found that that megadoses of vitamin E, far from having pro-oxidative activity, actually increase the anti-oxidative capacity of the liver, especially after ingestion of salmon oil, according to "Effects of megadoses of dietary vitamin E on the antioxidant status of rats fed lard or salmon oil" by Flader D, Brandsch C, Hirche F, Eder K.(33) 


c. Omega 3 fatty acids
Omega 3 fatty acids is necessary to maintain the ratio of good and bad cholesterol, thus reducing the risk of cholesterol inflammation according to the study of "In vitro fatty acid enrichment of macrophages alters inflammatory response and net cholesterol accumulation" by Wang S, Wu D, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, Honda KL, Lichtenstein AH., posted in PubMed (IV) and forming of free radical in the heart cells, leading to heart diseases. It also reduces the risk of plaque forming in the arterial wall, thus also decreasing the risk of stoke, according to the study of "N-3 vs. saturated fatty acids: effects on the arterial wall" by Sudheendran S, Chang CC, Deckelbaum RJ., posted in PubMed (34).

2. Flaxseed
a. Cardiovascular health
In the research of Flaxseed and its effect on cardiovascular risk found that flaxseed can modestly reduce serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, reduce postprandial glucose absorption, decrease some markers of inflammation, and raise serum levels of the omega-3 fatty acids, ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid. Data on the antiplatelet, antioxidant, and hypotensive effects of flaxseed, however, are inconclusive. More research is needed to define the role of this functional food in reducing cardiovascular risk, according to "Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk' by Bloedon LT, Szapary PO.(35)

b. Hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis
In the evaluation of Flaxseed (Type I flaxseed) and CDC-flaxseed (Type II flaxseed) and theirs effect onhypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis found that Type II flaxseed reduced the development of atherosclerosis by 69%, according to "Reduction of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by CDC-flaxseed with very low alpha-linolenic acid" by Prasad K, Mantha SV, Muir AD, Westcott ND.(36) 

c. Omega 3 fatty acids
Besides well known for its benefits for the maintenance of a healthy cardio-vascular system, according to the study of "Omega-3 Fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention" by Defilippis AP, Blaha MJ, Jacobson TA, posted in PubMed(37) and proper ratio of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acid and prevent blood clotting, it also extends the portion of your cycle in which you are fertile, by promoting natural ovulation, according tothe study of "Postpartum ovarian activity in multiparous Holstein cows treated with bovine somatotropin and fed n-3 fatty acids in early lactation" by Carriquiry M, Dahlen CR, Weber WJ, Lamb GC, Crooker BA., posted in pubMed (38)

3.  Garlic (39)
a, Garlic for VARICOSE VEINS. Garlic helps to keep your blood from clumping or becoming too sticky, helping your blood move through your blood vessels and reduces the risk of blood clots. One clove a day should do the trick. You can also take garlic capsules. CAUTION: Medication and Garlic could lead to uncontrolled bleeding and spell HEMORRHAGIC STROKES if it occurs in your brain. To avoid this, take caution against taking standardized garlic extract. Experts suggest eating no more than one clove of garlic a day.

b. Garlic For BLOOD FORTIFIER. Raw garlic is said to do a super job of blood fortifying. It also helps REJUVENATE the body. Eat raw garlic and garlic supplements daily.

c. Garlic For CHOLESTEROL: Eating 4 cloves of garlic a day can cut total CHOLESTEROL by 70%(Fresh or Supplement). The member of the allium family fights poor circulation.The sulfur compound in garlic keep your platelets from clumping together.

4. Black Beans
a. Nervous system
Protein is essential for the brain in transmitting information between themselves and cells in the other parts of the body, thus reducing the blood sugar levels from rising too rapidly after a meal, reducing the risk of nervous symptoms cause of anxiety, stress and depression, etc., according to the study of "The planar polarity protein Scribble1 is essential for neuronal plasticity and brain function" by Moreau MM, Piguel N, Papouin T, Koehl M, Durand CM, Rubio ME, Loll F, Richard EM, Mazzocco C, Racca C, Oliet SH, Abrous DN, Montcouquiol M, Sans N (40)


b. Antioxidant
Black bean contains flavoinoid, the powerful antioxidant (it contains more antioxidant than any bean in the same family with difference skin colors). It not only enhances the immune system in regulating cells in DNA replication and division, but also improves the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radical and protects our body from infection and inflammation. In a study of "Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity" by Karimi E, Oskoueian E, Hendra R, Jaafar HZ., posted in Pubmed (41), researchers found that In summary, saffron stigmas showed antioxidant activity and methanol appeared to be the best solvent to extract the active components, among which the presence of gallic acid and pyrogallol might contribute towards the stigma's antioxidant properties.

c. Low-density lipoprotein
in the evaluation of fermentation on the contents of total phenolics and amino nitrogen pf balck bean and their lowering cholesterol effect found that the A. awamori-fermented black soybean prepared at 30 °C for 3 days exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation. The bioactive principles related to the inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation in black soybeans, regardless of fermentation, could be most efficiently extracted with water rather than 80% methanol or 80% ethanol, according to "Fermentation with Aspergillus awamori enhanced contents of amino nitrogen and total phenolics as well as the low-density lipoprotein oxidation inhibitory activity of black soybeans" by Chen YF, Lee SL, Chou CC.(42)

5.  Broccoli
a. Potential heart health benefits
In the investigation of cruciferous vegetables which include broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower and theirs bioactive components in functional foods effect for the improvement of health found that the molecular basis of the biological activities of the chemicals present in broccoli potentially responsible for health promotion, from chemoprevention to cardio protection, are outlined based on in vitro and in vivo studies with a note on the structure activity relationship of sulforaphane and a few other isothiocyanates, according to "Potential health benefits of broccoli- a chemico-biological overview" by Vasanthi HR, Mukherjee S, Das DK.(43)

b. Free radicals 
Broccoli helps to fight against the forming of free radical by detoxificating and cleansing the toxins accumulated in the body, according to "Effect of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and its phytochemical sulforaphane in balanced diets on the detoxification enzymes levels of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a carcinogenic and mutagenic pollutant" by Villa-Cruz V, Davila J, Viana MT, Vazquez-Duhalt R.(44) 

6. Blueberries
a. Antioxidant Capacity
In the investigation of Blueberry and blackberry wines commercially available in Illinois and theirs potential health benefits, found that fruit wines made from blueberries and blackberries may have potential health applications and therefore could contribute to the economy of the wine industry. Practical Application: The majority of wines are produced from grapes, but wine can also be produced from other fruits including blueberries and blackberries, which contain phenolic compounds that may contribute to human health, according to "Comparison of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Commercially Available Blueberry and Blackberry Wines in Illinois" by Johnson MH, Gonzalez de Mejia E.(45)

b. Cardiovascular health
In the determination of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, micronutrients, and fiber in berries, including to chokeberries, cranberries, blueberries, and strawberries found that purified anthocyanin extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolism. Benefits were seen in healthy subjects and in those with existing metabolic risk factors. Underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects are believed to include upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, decreased activities of carbohydrate digestive enzymes, decreased oxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammatory gene expression and foam cell formation. Though limited, these data support the recommendation of berries as an essential fruit group in a heart-healthy diet, according to " Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health" by Basu A, Rhone M, Lyons TJ.(46) 

8. Etc.

C. Nutritional supplement against syncope

1. Omega-3 fatty acids
a. Vascular smooth muscle tone
In the investigation of the comparative effects of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids on vascular smooth muscle tone, showed that Docosahexaenoic acid (1-255 microM) and eicosapentaenoic acid (31-255 microM) inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractions, (8-63%) and (20-65%), respectively, which were not altered by indomethacin, NDGA, or by removal of the endothelium. Linoleic acid (18:2n6) and arachidonic acid (20:4n6) also induced significant relaxation. Therefore, fatty acid-induced relaxation of the rat aorta is specific to polyunsaturated fatty acids, 20:5n3, 22:6n3, 18:2n6 and 20:4n6, according to "Effects of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids on vascular smooth muscle tone" by Engler MB.(47)

b. Systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol
In the ccomparison of the cardiovascular risk-reduction potential of three major polyunsaturated fatty acids in a double-blind study. showed that for the diet supplemented with EPA plus DHA compared with the linoleic acid diet systolic blood pressure fell 5.1 mm Hg (p = 0.01); plasma triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol fell by 39% (p = 0.001) and 49% (p = 0.01), respectively; and LDL cholesterol rose by 9% (p = 0.01). There were no significant changes with the diet supplemented with alpha-linolenic acid. The net effect on cardiovascular risk therefore is complex and the systolic blood pressure reduction was substantial, according to "n-3 fatty acids of marine origin lower systolic blood pressure and triglycerides but raise LDL cholesterol compared with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids from plants" by Kestin M, Clifton P, Belling GB, Nestel PJ.(48)

c. Cardiovascular effects
In the comparison of the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3) to those of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy elderly subjects, found that Both n-3 fatty acid diets did not change concentrations of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and apoA-1 when compared with the oleic acid-rich diet. However, after the EPA/DHA-rich diet, LDL-cholesterol increased by 0.39 mmol/l (P = 0.0323, 95% CI (0.030, 0.780 mmol/l)) when compared with the ALA-rich diet. Intake of EPA/DHA also increased apoB concentrations by 14 mg/dl (P = 0.0031, 95% CI (4, 23 mg/dl)) and 12 mg/dl (P = 0.005, 95% CI (3, 21 mg/dl)) versus the oleic acid and ALA-rich diet, respectively. Except for an EPA/DHA-induced increase in tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) of 14.6% (P = 0.0184 versus ALA diet, 95% CI (1.5, 18.3%)), changes in markers of hemostasis and endothelial integrity did not reach statistical significance following consumption of the two n-3 fatty acid diets, according to "Effects of alpha-linolenic acid versus those of EPA/DHA on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy elderly subjects" by Goyens PL, Mensink RP.(49)

d. Cognitive effects
In the assessment of the cognitive effects of fish oil supplementation at college age, hypothesizing benefits on affect, executive control, inhibition, and verbal learning and memory. College-aged participants, indicated that the benefits of n-3 PUFA on RAVLT performance derived more from depreciated placebo performance than improved performance due to fish oil. The placebo gain on TMT performance likely derived from a learning effect. Together, these results present limited cognitive benefits of n-3 PUFA at college age; however, the treatment may have been subtherapeutic, with a larger sample needed to generalize these results, according to "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition in a college-aged population" by Karr JE, Grindstaff TR, Alexander JE.(50)

2. Antioxidant for heart health
2.1. Antioxidants and ischemia(51)
a. Nitric oxide (NO)
Nitric oxide (NO), one of the antioxidant and peroxynitrite can inhibit pathways of oxygen radical generation, and, in turn, oxidants can inhibit NO synthesis from NOS.

b. glutathione and vitamin E
Reduced form of glutathione may act as a first line of defense against oxidative stress during ischemia–reperfusion while vitamin E may act later on during severe oxidative stress by rendering resistance to the heart against the ischemic–reperfusion injury

c. 2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T)

Researcher found that in rat cardiac H9c2 cells, D3T and time-dependent induction of a number of cellular antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes, including catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR), GSH S-transferase (GST), and NADH:quinone oxidoreduc- tase-1 (NQO1) help to protect against H9c2 cell injury caused by various oxidants and simulated ischemia-reperfusion. D3T pretreatment also resulted in decreased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen in H9c2 cells after exposure to the oxidants as well as simulated ischemia-reperfusion.

d. Selenium
Deficeiency of of a co-enzyme selenium, which is required in maintaining the glutathione redox cycle, also promote more susceptible to oxidative injure.

e. Etc.

2.2. Antioxidants and Atherosclerosis(52)
a. Bioflavonoids or vitamin P
Discovered by Szent-Gyorgyi and his colleagues back in the 1930`s. In Laboratory tests, B
bioflavonoids help to reduce the fragility and “permeability” in capillaries and prevent the clotting up of arterial as a result of oxidation.

b. Vitamins C and E, beta-carotene
Recent research findings have suggested that antioxidants such as vitamin C, E and beta carotene play an important role in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Data from animal studies showed they are able to prevent oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins (LDL).

c. Alpha-tocopherol
Alpha-tocopherol, a antioxidant found abundant in vitamin E, helps to decrease lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregation, adhesion and inflammatory. Epidemiological studies suggest that low levels of antioxidants are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

d. Vitamin C and E
Studies showed in take of 500mg of vitamin C and 400 IU of vitamin E helps to retard the progression of coronary atherosclersis.

e. Chlorophyl
Antioxidant chorophyll in the green algae shows to inhibit the chemical cadmium of smoking, by preventing from oxidation that cause building up of plaque along the walls of arteries.

f. Etc.

3. Coenzyme Q10
 Lower CoQ10 is a risk factor to coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure (CHF) and mortality due to CHF suggest that low CoQ10 is another factor explaining the risk to cardiovascular disorder in depression.(53)

4. Acetyl-L-carnitine
a. Acetyl-L-carnitine prevented the marked cognitive decline otherwise observed in normal mice maintained on this challenge diet(54)

b. Many clinical trials have suggested Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) and propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) as potential strategies in the management of peripheral arterial disease, heart and cerebral ischemia, and congestive heart failure(55)

5. Alpha-lipoic acid
Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is highly effective in preventing the endotoxin-induced oxidative stress in the heart and in improving the glutathione redox system.(56)

6.  Allyl sulfides
a. Antioxidant against oxidation
According to the study of " Antioxidant Health Effects of Aged Garlic Extract" by Carmia Borek, posted in (Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131:1010S-1015S.)© 2001 The American Society for Nutritional Sciences, researcher found that AGE contains a wide range of antioxidants that can act in synergistic or additive fashion and protect cells against oxidative damage, thus helping to lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease and protect against toxic, tissue-damaging effects of ROS-producing radiation, including UV light, drugs used in therapy and chemicals in the environment and industry.(57)

b. Cholesterol, heart disease and stroke
In an article of "GARLICTHE BOUNTIFUL BULB" by Carmia Borek, Ph.D. posted in Life extension magazine, the author indicated that in the past 15 years, garlic supplementation studies have concentrated on the bulb's effects in reducing blood cholesterol and triglycerides (the form in which fat is transported in the blood). All studies did not agree with one another, given differences in the kind of garlic preparation, quality of standardization, doses and periods of treatment. But most findings showed that garlic slightly lowered blood cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides with a consistent lowering of blood lipids seen in studies that used aged garlic extract as the supplement. For example, while a University of Oxford study showed that garlic powder, given to patients at 900 mg a day for six months, had no protective effects and did not lower cholesterol levels, a study at East Carolina University found that aged garlic extract given at 2.4-4.8 gm a day, for six months, lowered cholesterol by 5-7%, and reduced LDL, triglycerides and blood pressure in men with high cholesterol.(58)

c.  Blood circulation
In an article of "Onions, Garlic, and Scallions... Oh My!" By Dr. Leo Galland, M.D., and Jonathan Galland", posted in the Chritian Broacasting Network, the authors wrote that scientists believe the components in onions, garlic, and scallions called allyl sulfides and bioflavonoids are key to their powerful health benefits. For cardiovascular health, clinical experiments have shown regular consumption of garlic may help improve circulation and help decrease calcium deposits and the size of arterial plaque in coronary arteries. As for detoxification, one study found that eating fresh garlic and onions each day can help remove toxins from the body.(59)


7. Etc.

VI. Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
1. Prehospital Care(60)
Acute care to someone faint must be taken to increase blood flow to the brain, such as with the legs raise, loosen all tight clothing, crossing the legs or squeezing the thighs together, etc. and call 911. The patient may require the below from the medical team.

a. Intravenous access

b. Oxygen administration
c. Advanced airway techniques
d. Glucose administration
e. Pharmacologic circulatory support
f. Pharmacologic or mechanical restraints
g. Defibrillation or temporary pacing
h. Etc


2. Medication
2.1. Beta blockers
a. Beta blockers or beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists or beta antagonists are the most commonly used type of medication to prevent syncope, as a result of blunting of elevated catecholamine levels that precede vasovagal syncope. Dr. John R. Kapoor, MD, PhD at the Stanford University said "Notwithstanding the widespread use of beta-blockers in the past, some studies on chronic beta-blocker use have been less than encouraging and may suggest some benefit in older but not in younger patients, as mentioned in the recent article by Tan and Parry"(61). In other study group consisted of 62 patients (29 females, mean age 32.8+/-12.3 years and 33 males, mean age 35.9+/-18.2 years) with at least two syncopal episodes during the six months preceding positive tilt testing, propranolol administered intravenously prevents syncope during tilt testing in a significant proportion of patients. Both complete or partial efficacy of intravenous propranolol predict long-term efficacy of chronic beta blocker therapy in patients with vaso-vagal syncope.(62)

b. Side effects
Major cardiac effects caused by beta blockade include the precipitation or worsening of congestive heart failure, and significant negative chronotropy(62a) and severe and therapy-resistant rhinitis, sinusitis, and nasal polyp(62b)
and (62c)
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
* Bronchospasm
* Dyspnea
* Cold extremities
* Dizziness
* Hair loss
* Abnormal vision
* Insomnia
* Nightmares
* Sexual dysfunction
* Erectile dysfunction
* Etc.

2.2. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI)
a Antidepressants are commonly used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders. In the study to assess whether the well-tolerated serotonin re-uptake inhibitor paroxetine hydrochloride could prevent vasovagal syncope in young patients resistant to or intolerant of previous traditional therapies, Paroxetine significantly improved symptoms of young patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope unresponsive to or intolerant of traditional medications and was well tolerated by patients.(63). Other report indicated that the serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline hydrochloride can be effective in preventing recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope in selected patients unresponsive to or intolerant of other therapeutic modalities.(64)

b. Side effects (65)
Almost all SSRIs are known to cause one or more of these symptoms, including Sexual Dysfunction(66) and withdrawal syndrome(67), Suicide risk(68) and
* Nausea/vomiting
* Drowsiness or somnolence
* Headache (very common as a short-term side effect)
* Bruxism
*Tinnitus
* Extremely vivid or strange dreams
* Dizziness
* Fatigue
* Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
* Urinary retention
* Changes in appetite
* Insomnia
* Etc.
In rare case, SSRI antidepressants may cause cardiac effects, according to American Family Physician, 8/1/97 by Grace Brooke Huffman, but SSRIs are safe and do not have a high rate of cardiovascular adverse events. However, further study is needed to determine whether tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs are equally efficacious in patients with cardiovascular disease.(69)


3. Surgical
Pacemaker implantation may be necessary for some patient because of either severity or do not respond to the medication to has been successful in decreasing the number of fainting episodes. Pacemaker implantation is a procedure to put a small battery-operated device into the chest to help the heart beating regularlyas it send out the regular electrical pulses. There is a report  on a patient with recurrent sleep syncope (with physical injury) in whom an asystolic pause was documented during one of her "sleep syncope" spells. Implantation of a dual chamber pacemaker (5-year follow-up) "cured" her of further syncope(70)

B. In herbal medicine perspective
1. Bilberry
a.  Antioxidants
Edible berries of bilberry contains high amounts of antioxidant of natural anthocyanin may be used to trigger genetic signaling in promoting human health and disease prevention, according to the study of "Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention" by Zafra-Stone S, Yasmin T, Bagchi M, Chatterjee A, Vinson JA, Bagchi D., posted in PubMed(71)


b. Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties
Anthocyanins, a natural compounds of pigmentation in bilberry is also considered as natural antioxidants have exerted the property of Anti-angiogenisis and genomic DNA repairment and protection in reducing the risk of cancers, according to the study of "Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties of a novel anthocyanin-rich berry extract formula" by Bagchi D, Sen CK, Bagchi M, Atalay M., posted in PubMed(72)

c. Cardiotoxicity
Bilberry extract significantly inhibited DOX-provoked reduced glutathione depletion and accumulation of oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in cardiac tissues, according to the study of "Protective effect of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) against doxorubicin-induced oxidative cardiotoxicity in rats" by Ashour OM, Elberry AA, Alahdal A, Al Mohamadi AM, Nagy AA, Abdel-Naim AB, Abdel-Sattar EA, Mohamadin AM., posted in PubMed(73)

d. Cholesterol
Oxidative modifications of low density lipoproteins (LDL) can be result of thickening of artery wall as a result of the accumulation of fatty, affecting arterial blood vessels. Vaccinium myrtillus contains high amount of antioxidants which help to block the oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL), according to the study of "Antioxidant action of Vaccinium myrtillus extract on human low density lipoproteins in vitro: initial observations" by Laplaud PM, Lelubre A, Chapman MJ., posted in PubMed(74)

2. Ginkbo Biloba
a. Cardiovascular tissues
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has shown the protection of the cardiovascular tissues against HgCl(2)-induced oxidative damage, according to the study of "Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract against mercury(II)-induced cardiovascular oxidative damage in rats" by Tunali-Akbay T, Sener G, Salvarli H, Sehirli O, Yarat A., posted in PubMed(75)

b. Hyperlipidemia
Ginkgo biloba leaves (EGB) has demonstrated the activities of limitation of the absorption of cholesterol, inactivation of HMGCoA and favorable regulation of profiles of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (EFA), according to the study of "Application of GC/MS-based metabonomic profiling in studying the lipid-regulating effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats" by Zhang Q, Wang GJ, A JY, Wu D, Zhu LL, Ma B, Du Y., posted in PubMed(76)

3. Peppermint
a. Cholesterol effects
In the investigation the choleretic effect and molecular mechanisms of action of peppermint oil (PO), the main component of Danshu capsules (Sichuan Jishengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, China), found that PO might play a role in upregulating CYP7A1 and FXR mRNA levels, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms are related to gene expression involved in bile acid synthesis, according to "Preliminary experimental research on the mechanism of liver bile secretion stimulated by peppermint oil" by Zong L, Qu Y, Luo DX, Zhu ZY, Zhang S, Su Z, Shan JC, Gao XP, Lu LG.(77)

b. Cardiovascular effects
In the assessment of Cardiovascular effects of intravenous (i. v.) treatment with the essential oil of Mentha x villosa (EOMV) in pentobarbitone-anaesthetised rats, found that The present study shows for the first time that i. v. treatment with EOMV in pentobarbitone-anaesthetised rats induces hypotensive and bradycardic effects, which appear mostly attributed to the actions of the major constituent of EOMV, PO. These cardiovascular effects appear to be independent since EOMV-induced bradycardia appears dependent upon the presence of an intact and functional sympathetic nerve drive to the heart, while EOMV-induced hypotension appears independent of the presence of an operational sympathetic nervous system. This suggests that hypotensive activity of EOMV may result from its vasodilatory effects directly upon vascular smooth muscle, according to "Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa and its main constituent, piperitenone oxide, in normotensive anaesthetised rats: role of the autonomic nervous system" by
Lahlou S, Carneiro-Leão RF, Leal-Cardoso JH, Toscano CF.(78)

c. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
In the observation of the antimicrobial activity and free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) of essential oils from Mentha aquatica L., Mentha longifolia L., and Mentha piperita L., found that The M. piperita essential oil also exhibited the highest OH radical scavenging activity, reducing OH radical generation in the Fenton reaction by 24 % (pure oil). According to GC-MS and TLC (dot-blot techniques), the most powerful scavenging compounds were monoterpene ketones (menthone and isomenthone) in the essential oils of M. longifolia and M. piperita and 1,8-cineole in the oil of M. aquatica, according to "Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils" by Mimica-Dukić N, Bozin B, Soković M, Mihajlović B, Matavulj M.(79)

4. Rosemary
Rosemary contains high amount of carnosic acid, a natural benzenediol diterpene which has found to reduce the risk of free radical cause of cancers, according to "Inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid on the growth of various human cancer cell lines" by Yesil-Celiktas O, Sevimli C, Bedir E, Vardar-Sukan F.(80)

5. Lavender
a. Antioxidants
In the observation of total phenolics and total flavonoids for the extracts of three medicinal plants including oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) found that Origanum vulgare and Melissa officinalis extracts present the most effective antioxidant capacity in scavenging DPPH radicals, while Lavandula angustifolia is less active. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the components of extracts. Major phenolic acids identified in the analysed species were ferulic, rosmarinic, p-coumaric and caffeic, while predominant flavonoids were quercetin, apigenin kaempherol, which were present as glucosides, according to "Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (Origanum vulgare), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) from Romania"by Spiridon I, Colceru S, Anghel N, Teaca CA, Bodirlau R, Armatu A. (81)

b. Antidepressant-like effect
In the classification of the antidepressant effects of essential oils of Anthemis nobilis (chamomile), Salvia sclarea (clary sage; clary), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), and Lavandula angustifolia (lavender)found that clary oil could be developed as a therapeutic agent for patients with depression and that the antidepressant-like effect of clary oil is closely associated with modulation of the DAnergic pathway, according to "Antidepressant-like effect of Salvia sclarea is explained by modulation of dopamine activities in rats" by Seol GH, Shim HS, Kim PJ, Moon HK, Lee KH, Shim I, Suh SH, Min SS.(82)

c. Cognition and mood
In the evaluation of Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils and theirs effect on cognition and mood found that rosemary produced a significant enhancement of performance for overall quality of memory and secondary memory factors, but also produced an impairment of speed of memory compared to controls. With regard to mood, comparisons of the change in ratings from baseline to post-test revealed that following the completion of the cognitive assessment battery, both the control and lavender groups were significantly less alert than the rosemary condition; however, the control group was significantly less content than both rosemary and lavender conditions. These findings indicate that the olfactory properties of these essential oils can produce objective effects on cognitive performance, as well as subjective effects on mood, according to "Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults" by Moss M, Cook J, Wesnes K, Duckett P.(83)

d.  'Subsyndromal' anxiety disorder
In the investigation of orally administered Lavandula oil preparation and its effect on'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder, found that Lavandula oil preparation had a significant beneficial influence on quality and duration of sleep and improved general mental and physical health without causing any unwanted sedative or other drug specific effects. Lavandula oil preparation silexan is both efficacious and safe for the relief of anxiety disorder not otherwise specified. It has a clinically meaningful anxiolytic effect and alleviates anxiety related disturbed sleep, according to "Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of 'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial"by Kasper S, Gastpar M, Müller WE, Volz HP,
Möller HJ, Dienel A, Schläfke S.(84)

6. Etc.


C. In  Chinese medicine perspective
Depending to differentiation, some traditional Chinese TCM practitioners classify fainting (Syncope) as a result of (85)
C.1. Deficiency of the Heart yang and Kidney yang
1. Symptoms
a. Shortness of breath
b. Dizziness, occasional fainting,
c. Fatigue and weakness,
d. Tinnitus
e. Pain in the loins,
f. Aversion to cold,
g. Cold limbs,
h. Restlessness and insomnia
i. Pale thick or dark red tongue,
j. Thready,
l. Slow and uneven pulse
m. Etc.

2. Herbal treatment 
Modified prescriptions of Decoction for Protecting Primordial qi and Decoction of Ephedra, Aconite and Asarum. Prepared aconite root (Fu Zi) 6-20g, Red ginseng (Hong Seng) 10-30g, astragalus root (Huang Qi) 30g, Siberian solomonseal rhizome (Huang Jin) 30g, Cinnamon twig(Gui Zhi) 10g, Ephedra (Ma Huang) 6-12g, Asarum herb (Xi Xin) 3g, Prepared liquorice (Zhi Gan Cao) 6-30g

C.2. Deficiency of both qi and yin
1. Symptoms
a. Shortness of breath
b. Vague pain in the precordial region,
c. Dizziness
d. Blurred vision
c. Palpitation
f. Insomnia
g. Amnesia (memory loss
h. Dry mouth
i. Pale or dark red tongue with thin and white fur,
j. Slow or thready pulse
k. Etc.

2. Herbal treatment
Prescription/Formula: Modified Decoction of Prepared Licorice Prepared licorice root (Zhi Gan Cao) 30g, Dangshen (Dang Shen) 30g, Astragalus root (Huang Qi) 30g, Siberian solomonseal rhizome (Huang Jin) 30g, Dried rehmannia root Sheng Di Huang) 20g, Ophiopogon root (Mai Dong) 15g, Sesame kernel (Ma Ren)12g, Cinnamon twig (Gui Zhi) 10g, Chinese-date (Da Zao)10 pieces, Schisandra fruit (Wu Wei Zi) 10g

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Candida Albicans - The Reader Guide To Cure Candida Albicans

I. Candida Albicans
What is Candida Albicans
Candida albicans is a member of a large group of organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast and mold that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. In fact, under normal circumstances, Candida albicans that does cause harmful effects, but overgrowth results in candidiasis.

Testing Candida Albicans
1. Candida saliva test or the Candida spit test.
If you doctor suspects that you may have Candida, he/she would ask for a Candida saliva or candida spit test. With this test, you are asked to place a glass filled clear water by your bed at night. When you wake in the morning, work up a bit of saliva and spit into it, then check the water every 15 minutes or so for up to one hour.
a) If you have Candida, you will see strings traveling down into the water with the saliva floating on the top, or cloudy saliva sinks to the bottom of the glass, or cloudy specks is suspended in the water.

b) If there is only saliva still floating after at one hour, you have Candida under control.

2. Medical test
With the medical Candida tests, you will visit the doctor and they will order the tests. The specimens will be sent to a lab and the results sent to the doctor. You will then visit the doctor a second time to get your results. The doctor will recommend a treatment program or you can try one of the programs that I recommend.
a) Candida Immune Complexes test
It is a blood test to determine if you have had an immune response to Candida albicansa, large presence of these antibodies would indicate a Candida overgrowth.

b) combination of IgA, IgG and IgM testsb.1. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
It is an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity, which is found in high concentrations in the mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and particularly those lining the respiratory passages, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract.

b.2. Immunoglobulin G (IgG),
It is a antibody molecules that corresponds to maturation of the antibody response in protecting our body against bacterial and viral infections, found in all body fluids.

b.3. Immunoglobulin M (IgM),
It is a basic antibody that is produced by B cells, the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to antigen, found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid.

By analyzing the the antibody in the combination results of all 3 tests, your doctor can determine that you have Candida or not.

Symptoms of candida
1. Symptoms worse in damp day
2. Persistence drowsiness
3. Lack of coordination
4. Headaches
5. Mood swing
6. Loss of balance
7. Rashes
8. Mucus in stool
9. Betching and wind
10. Bad breath
11. Dry mouth
12. Postnasal drop
13. Nasal itch and/or congestion
14. Nervous irritability
15. Dry mouth or throat
16. Ear sensitive or fluid in ear
17. Heartburn and indigestion
18. Etc.

Factors that cause Candida Albicans
1. Age
Human aging is a biological process. As we age, our immune system is no longer function properly in regulating the balance of microorganisms in the body due free radicals accumulated over the year, that increase the risk of bad microorganism overgrowth, including candida.

2. Serious illness
Serious illness caused by what ever reason, weakens the defense system in regulating the microorganism in the digestive track, leading to over growth of candida.

3. Use of catheters
Catheters is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel allowing drainage, administration of fluids or gases, or access by surgical instruments. Use of catheter might sometime provides the candida with a deeper, easy to get to site, that it finds ideal place to grow in.

4. Inhalant medicine
Repeated use of the steroid inhalant on the oral mucosa can result in the development of fungal overgrowth causing acute pseudomembranous candidiasis.

5. Radiotherapy
Candidiasis is also seen in people who have undergone chemotherapy treatment for cancer or as a side effect of certain types of medication.

6. Low level of stomach acids
Low level of stomach acids increases the presence of undigested food in the small intestine and colon, causing an overgrowth of harmful bacteria and microorganism, leading to candida.

7. Pregnancy
Studies have shown that pregnant women are more susceptible to candida infections than any other time in their lives, especially in the second trimester.

8. Use of contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy
Use of contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy promote the surge in hormones also contribute to over growth of candida, resulting in unpleasant symptoms that come along with it.

9. Drug used for controlling intestinal flora
Antibiotic drugs used to treat intestinal flora kill both good and bad microorganism in the intestine track, leading to severely impairing digestion and assimilation of nutrients that causing fatigue, aggression, depression and toxicity.

10. Etc.


Causes of Candida Albicans
1. Amalgam filling
Amalgam filling is the use of amalgam as a filling material containing mainly mercury to treat cavity of your teeth by dentist. As a highly toxic chemical, mercury causes damage to the kidneys and central nervous system. Chelation therapy can be effective in removing all forms of mercury from the body, but cannot reverse the damage of central nervous system. As it weakens the immune system, it can cause the over growth of bad microorganisms, leading to candidiasis.

2. Anti fungus drugs
Antifungal drug is a medication used to treat fungal infections and serious systemic infections by by exploiting differences between mammalian and fungal cells to kill the fungal organism without dangerous effects on the host. Unfortunately, people successfully treated with antifungal drugs, 15 to 20% develop another infection in the next year. The use of the medication cause serious side effects associated with their use, including liver damage, and liver, weakened immune system and heart failure.

3. Genetic due to blood types and secretors status
Secretors status and blood types are defined as a person who secretes their blood type antigens into body fluids and secretions such as the saliva, mucus, etc. people with certain blood type and secretor status are susceptible to mold allergies and molds.

4. Steroid in foods
Steroid has been used for commercial profits in order to produce larger food stock both in animals and vegetation. Steroid in foods suppresses the immune response, thereby increasing colonization and promoting the spread of candida.

5. Blood sugar imbalance
Blood sugar imbalance cause fluctuation of glucose in the blood stream, leading to sugar craving resulting in Candida albicans overgrowth, as yeast organisms craving for sugar, their natural diet.

6. Immune system deficiency
Immune system deficiency allows candida over growth as it is not longer perform its function in regulating the balance of all microorganism in the intestine track.

7. Biochemical and metabolic individually
Slow metabolizers' bodies chemistry is often more alkaline due to lower production of lactic acid and low levels of gastric hydrochloric acid, leading to constipation. The combination of these factors can result in candida overgrowth.

8. Drugs due to suppress immune system during transplant
Drugs suppressing immune system weakens the function of immune system in regulating the balance of microorganism in the body.

9. Stress
Stress can cause insulin imbalance and weaken the liver immune function, that allow unchecked of over growth candida albicans.

10. Deficiency of nutrient
Deficiency of nutrient weakens the body systems in performing their function properly, including the immune system in regulating the balance of microorganism.

11. Anti-biotics
Antibiotic therapy use are known to increase the tendency for chronic yeast infection due its effect in killing bacteria indiscriminately, leading to bad microorganism over growth.

12. The pill
the use of the pill can suppress the hormonal balance that can cause fluctuation of sugar levels and significantly increase her risk for candida yeast overgrowth.

14. Sexual transmitting
Sex with several partners without precautions increases the risk of candida, if your partner happens to have a candida infection at the time you have sex then you could get it too.

15. Acidity
Gastric hydrochloric acid deficiency is widespread and allows yeast to survive passage through the stomach, causing over growth of candidiasis.

16. Etc.

Candida albicans consequences
1. What happen if candida become fungus
When Candida growth becomes uncontrolled and become fungus, it metabolites and/or toxins interfere with the functioning of nutrient-uptake and penetrate into the bloodstream, causing
a) Brain allergy
Candida produces toxins in large quantity that affect our brain and interfere with our biochemical processes, leading to upset levels of hormones and many key chemicals, resulting in symptoms of fatigue, aggression, depression and toxicity and schizophrenia.

b) Permeability
As the innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall becomes permeable due to fungus, partially digested foods, toxins produced by fungus and chemical molecules can enter the bloodstream and reach organs that suppress their normal functions, causing immune dysfunction in a long run and many kinds of chronic illness.

c) Reproductive dysfunction
Overgrowth candida can cause the reproductive tract infection. For female, it leads to infections of the upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus), and/or the lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix and vulva), for male, it is at the penis, testicles, urethra or the sperm tube, causing reproductive dysfunction.

d) Premenstrual syndrome
As over growth candida binding to hormones, it alters the pathway and their shape by preventing them entering the target receptor sites, that make certain hormones inactive, leading to estrogen and progesterone inability in controlling the function of bladder and bowel functioning, regulating blood sugar, resulting in endocrine disruptor causes of premenstrual syndrome

e) Autoimmune disorders
After entering blood stream, it causes allergies reaction of the immune system, but some of antigens' molecules are similar to molecules of human tissue, resulting of attacking both the antigens and the body's healthy tissues, leading to autoimmune disorders.

2. The main target of candida target
The main target of candida is to evade the body's immune system for their forever survival in the host body by targeting the immune system response in fighting against invading organism as they change the receptors of foreign organism or theirs' form which are displaying, making them difficult for the body's immune cells to react appropriately.

3. Digestive track colonization
The main purpose of Candida is trying to invade the intestinal wall by suppressing immune system responds with inflammation, leading to prolong inflammation, (the prolonged inflammation is called ulceration colitis if it occurs in the large intestine and it is called Crohn's disease if it occurs in the small intestine that can cause of digestive track colonization of the host body.

4. The mind and emotion
If candida overgrowth, it produces toxins (canditoxin and ethanol) that affect our brain and it releases metabolites that interfere with our biochemical processes in hormone production, leading to fatigue, aggression, depression and toxicity.

5. etc

Some life threatening implication of candida overgrowth
1. Toxic shock syndrome(TSS)
Candida overgrowth can cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS), a potentially fatal illness by producing toxins to suppress the immune system, leading to infection cause of high fever, accompanied by low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, which can rapidly progress to stupor, coma, and multiple organ failure.

2. Scalded skin syndrome (SSS)
Scalded skin syndrome is defined as a condition of skin infection caused of damage to the skin with marked shedding due to toxins released by candida in suppressing the immune system. Depending its severity, it can causes bloodstream infection and electrolyte imbalance and complications of severe bloodstream infection and electrolyte imbalance.

3. andida and chronic diseases
a. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
As the condition worsen, candida takes advantage of weakness or imbalances in the digestive system, allowing fungus to overrun the digestive tracts, leading to gases which irritate the intestinal and stomach linings causing pain.

b. Chronic Sinusitis
As candida growth occurs in the sinus cavities, it causes fungal serious infections, leading to nasal congestion, facial pain, pressure, congestion, or fullness, reduced or absent sense of smell. Both chronic and acute fungal sinusitis require immediate treatment.

c. Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic condition that causes intense pain in various places around the body, including muscles, connective tissues and joints, as well as a host of other symptoms, as a result of production of mycotoxins by overgrowth candida, causing autoimmune diseases by triggering inflammation in the intestinal tract. Fibromyalgia syndrome affects more than 6 million people in the United States.

d. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is defined as a health condition of persistent fatigue unrelated to exertion, it interferes with the patient daily activity, causing trouble staying on top of their responsibilities at home and on the job, etc. due to production of mycotoxins by overgrowth candida, triggering inflammation in the intestinal tract. Symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome include headache, tender lymph nodes, fatigue, weakness, muscle, joint aches, inability to concentrate, etc.

e. Thrush
Thrush is defined as condition of infection of the mouth caused by over growth candida fungus.

f. Eczema, or Atopic Dermatitis
Eczema is a general term for many types of skin inflammation (dermatitis). The most common form of eczema is atopic dermatitis in some case caused by over growth of candida as a result of immune suppressive factors.

g. Etc.

What to avoid
1. Fruits
The high sugar content in fruit feeds Candida and artificial ingredients can cause depressed immune system.

2. Aged cheese
Any Cheese containing trans fat and aged for 6 months or more. Candida also reduces the digestive system in processing fat properly.

3. Additive and preservation
Men made chemicals can disrupt the digestive track friendly bacteria and allow the candida to over growth such as citric acid. Non-organic food like meat or eggs can also contain antibiotics and steroids for faster growth.

4. Alcohol
Alcohol beside contains high amount of sugar depress the liver and immune system, causing over growth candida.

5. Caffeine, sugar and sweetener
Caffeine, sugar and sweetener all harmful to the body and feed candida

6. Glutens
Gluten is a protein composite that appears in foods processed from wheat and related species
that can cause immune suppression.

7. Mushrooms
Mushroom which is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source can promotes fungus overgrowth.

8. Condiments
Condiment which is a sauce or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavor can depress the immune system, causing candida.

9. Vinegar
Vinegar which is an acidic liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid can deplete the stomach of acids and cause inflammation in the digestive track.

10. Etc.

Treatments and controlling
A. Diet
1. Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple Cider Vinegar is a type of vinegar made from cider or apple must and has a pale to medium amber color. Beside it is known for treating obesity, rich in natural enzymes which aid in digestion, Apple cider vinegar also balances your body's pH level and contains high amount of antioxidants, that help to restore the natural balance of healthy bacteria in the gut by creating a perfect environment for those healthy bacteria to grow, all while keeping candida in check by enhancing the immune function in regulating the microorganism in the body.

2. Coconut oil

Coconut oil is extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconut harvested from the coconut palm tree, native to the tropical world. While lauric acid found in coconut oil, is antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral and a COX-1-2 inhibitor has been used in traditional medicinal remedies for benign prostatic hyperplasia and anti-inflammatory, caprylic acid, a minor constituent of coconut oil has been demonstrated to inhibit fungal growth, both topically and internally.

3. Garlic
Garlic is species of Allium sativum, belong to the family Alliaceae, it has been used as both food and medicine in many cultures for thousands of years. Garlic cloves are used as a remedy for infections, digestive disorders, and fungal infections due to large number of anti-fungal properties of sulphur, allicin, alliin, alliinase and S-allylcysteine.

4. Ginger
Ginger is a species of Zingiber officinale, belong to the family Zingiberaceae. It has been used in as a delicacy, medicine, or spice in many cultures. The gingerrols in ginger increase the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and have analgesic, sedative, antipyretic, antibacterial and anti- inflammatory properties. Reseacher (Am. J. Applied Sci., 6 (6): 1067-1069, 2009) found that ginger extract containing gingerol inhibits the growth of many bacteria and fungi, including candida ablicans.

5. Etc.

Vitamins
1. Vitamin B2The intake of Vitamin B₂ is required for a wide variety of cellular processes and plays a key role in energy metabolism and enhance the digestive system in absorbing nutrients but also also supports the immune system in fighting against bacteria causes of inflammatory bowel disease, including candida.

2. Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin and an antioxidant found in high concentrations in immune cells, beside is important in aiding the digestive system in absorbing nutrients, but
also enhances the production of white blood cell of the immune system that protect the body by binding to the harmful bacteria and ingesting them.

3. Vitamin A
Retinoic acid, appears to maintain normal skin health by switching on genes and differentiating keratinocytes (immature skin cells) into mature epidermal cells, it also helps to detoxify liver and enhance the immune system in protecting our body by enhancing its antimicrobial functions, including candida albicans.

4. Vitamin E
Vitamin E is fat-soluble compounds that include both tocopherols and tocotrienols. It beside is an polyphenol antioxidants in scavenging free radicals, but also promotes the immune system in production of B-cells, the immune cells that produce antibodies that destroy microorganisms.

5. Etc.


Minerals and mineral compounds
1. Coral Calcium
One of the richest sources of Calcium beside is an important mineral in building stronger, denser bones early in life and keeping bones strong and healthy later in life and preventing the risk of osterporosis, but also helps to alkalize the body that eliminate the favor environment for candida overgrowth.


2. Magnesium Citrate
Magnesium Citrate is a magnesium salt of citric acid, is a chemical agent used medicinally as a saline laxative. Beside it is important to maintain proper level of pH for the body's organs to enhance their biochemical pathways for detoxification, that limits or reduces the over growth of candida, it also acts as a defecation in stimulating naturally bowel movement.
The mineral, magnesium plays a key role in the immune response, by acting as a co-factor for immunoglobulin synthesis that significantly increases for both IgA and IgG, the antibody molecules that protect our body against bacterial and viral infections and the lining of the respiratory passages, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract.

3. Lithium chloride
is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl. The salt is a typical ionic compound. While maintaining the proper PH levels, lithium also suppresses the yeast phosphoglucomutase activity by displacing Mg21 target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, thus inhibiting the candida albicans filamentation and hyphal outgrowth.

4. Sodium bicarbonate
It is an alkaline treatment, important to balance the levels of PH by taking away the acidity environment for candida overgrowth. Reseacher found that 5% sodium bicarbonate on the adherence of Candida albicans to thermally activated acrylic resin proved to be a viable alternative in the reduction of Candida albicans.

5. Phosphonium salts
phosphonium salts with long alkyl chains (C18) were found to show high levels of antimicrobial activity. In the alkyltrimethylphosphonium salts, the bactericidal activity against S. aureus and Escherichia coli increased with increasing alkyl chain length, and the compound with the longest alkyl chain (C18) killed all the bacterial cells (ca. 107 cells per ml) within 30 min. (source)

6. Zinc
Zinc beside is an important mineral in boosting immune system activity, it also used in zinc therapy to treat candida overgrowth by promoting metallothionein (MT) synthesis. Metallothionein (MT) are normally in high concentration in intestinal mucosa.

7. Etc



C. Herbs
1. Berberis
Berberis is a genus of about 450-500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1-5 m tall with thorny shoots, belong to the family Berberidaceae, native to the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. Europe has a few species, and North America only two.The stem, root bark, and fruit of barberry contain alkaloids and berberine have been used in traditional medicine or dietary supplement, to treat fungal infections, candida albicans, yeast, parasites, and bacterial/viral infections.
Berberine may also enhance the immune system by preventing candida yeasts from producing lipase, an enzyme which they use to help them in colonization and improving digestion and reduce gastrointestinal pain.

2. Clover
Clover used as a spice in cuisines all over the world, is the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the Syzygium, belong to the family Myrtaceae, native to Indonesia.While ellimagrandin II in clove oil shows anti-herpesvirus and anti-oxidant properties and the antiseptic property of eugenol, eugenyl acetate, caryophyllene and iocaryophyllene kills the candida and boost immune system.

3. Goldenseal
Goldenseal is a perennial herb in the species of Hydrastis canadensis, belong to the family Ranunculaceae, native to southeastern Canada and northeastern United States. It has been used widely in traditional medicine to treat functional disorders of the stomach, catarrhal gastritis, atonic dyspepsia, chronic constipation, hepatic congestion, etc. Since it contains Berberine a compound that demonstrates significant anti-fungal activity by preventing candida yeasts from producing lipase, an enzyme which they use to help them in colonization.

4. Oregano Oil
Oregano is a common species of Origanum, belong to the family Lamiaceae, native to warm-temperate western and southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region. Oregano oil contains a monoterpenoid phenol called carvacrol, which inhibits the growth of several bacteria strains, including candida albicans due to its antimicrobial properties that disrupt the bacteria membrane.

5. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of trees from the genus Cinnamomum, the family Lauraceae. It is used to treat digestive system disorder, insulin sensitive and enhance the immune system in regular cells growth due to its antioxidant activity. The cinnamon essential oil has antimicrobial properties, which can prevent, limit or destroy the fungal overgrowth.

6. Allspice
Allspice also called Jamaica pepper is a spice of dried unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, belong to the family Myrtaceae, native to the southern Mexico and Central America. It beside has been used in folk medicine in relieving indigestion and gas and as a deodorant, allspice volatile oils found in the plant contain phenylpropene which has an antimicrobial property.

7. Lavender
The lavender is a genus Lavandula of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, originated in Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine to treat microbial infection for the skin and reduces inflammation. Its essential oil components linalool and linalyl acetate show both fungistatic and fungicidal activity against C. albicans strains, thus reducing fungal progression and the spread of infection in host tissues.

8. Chamomile
Chamomile is a common name for several daisy-like plants, genus Matricaria belong to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and western Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine to aid sleep and reduce stress. Chamomile beside contains high amount of flavonoids which is best known for its antioxidant against virus bacteria invasion anti septic and anti biotic properties in its essential oil help to fight against such infectious organisms, including candida ablicans.

9. Etc.

Anti fungal products
1. Manuka Honey
Manuka honeyhas been known to benefit humans by healing wounds and injuries but causes no damage to cell and also contains hydrogen peroxide claimed to have antimicrobial property.

2. Undecylenic acid
Undecylenic acid is the common name of the 10-undecenoic acid, an organic unsaturated fatty acid derived from castor oil, it is a natural antimicrobial property against fungal skin infections and Candida albicans.

3. Caprylic acid
Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon saturated fatty acid found naturally in coconuts and breast milk, used used in treatments for a variety of conditions, including Candida.

4. Echinacea angustifolia
Echinacea angustifolia is a herbaceous plant species Echinacea angustifolia, belong to the family Asteraceae native to Northern America. Echinacea angustifolia beside enhances the immune system function, antiviral, and antioxidant effects, it also used to treat urinary tract infections and candida in herb medicine.

5. Horopeito
Horopeit is a genus Pseudowintera, part of family Winteraceae. It contains a compound polygodial, a chemical compound used to suppress the growth of candida by damaging the permeable cell membrane of yeast.

6. Oregano
Oregano is a genus of the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region. It beside promotes digestive health, clear skin and a healthy immune system, but also contains Carvacrol and Thymol that dehydrate candida by reacting with the water in the bloodstream.

7. Aloe vera
Aloe vera is a genus Aloe belong to the family Asphodelaceae, originated in the Sudan. It beside contains contains significant amounts of amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants which help to enhance the immune function in fighting against virus and bacteria infection and inflammation, it also helps to maintain a proper PH levels that inhibit the growth of candida and repairs and seals the intestinal wall, which stops Candida from actually penetrating through into your blood stream.

8. Tea tree oil
Tea tree oil is a pale yellow color to nearly clear essential oil extracted from the leaves of the Narrow-leaved Tea-tree, native to the northeast coast of New South Wales, Australia.

9. Tannate plant extracts
Tannate is the salt or ester of tannic acid. Tannate plant extract is a powerful anti fungal agent by destroying candida selectively without harming the good flora in the body. It is said that Tea tree oil is effective in treating bacteria, viruses, fungal infections due to its antigungal, anti-inflammatory property.

10. Biotin
Biotin or viyamin B7 is a coenzyme in the metabolism of fatty acids and leucine, and it plays a role in gluconeogenesis. It helps to treat candida by preventing yeast to change into its fungal form, which is the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching thread-like filaments, thus limiting the overgrowth of candida.


12. Probiotics (friendly bacteria)
Probiotic is live microorganisms which benefits the host. Intake of probiotics enhances the production of hydrogen peroxide that plays a important role in preventing candida overgrowth and through self-multiple mechanisms.

13. Etc.

Healing the intestinal membrane
1. L-glutamine
L-glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code and used to treat certain gastrointestinal disorders by serving as a source of fuel for the cells that line the gastrointestinal tract, thereby maintaining the health and integrity of it.

2. N-acetyl-glucosamine
N-acetyl-glucosamine is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose that supports the digestive track function and maintains healthy intestinal lining by stimulating cell growth in the intestinal track.

3. Rice-bran oil
Rice-bran oil is the oil extracted from the germ and inner husk of rice. it contains a compound gamma-oryzanolto which reduces the risk of gastric ulcers caused by stress while at the same time maintaining gastrointestinal motility.

4. Pancreatic enzymes products
Pancreatic enzymes allow for more bacteria to grow in the intestine enabling the food to be digested a lot easier. it can be found as supplements and in certain foods.

5 . Butyric acid
Butyric acid is a fatty acid occurring in the form of esters in animal fats and plant oils. It inhibits pathogenic organisms, improves digestion and promotes intestinal health by producing bacteria to feed on lactic acid, then multiplying and revving up their production . Butyric acid also contains anti-inflammatory property and strengthens the intestinal mucosal barrier.

5. Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS)
Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS) is a class of oligosaccharides used as an artificial or alternative sweetener, extracted from fruits and vegetables such as bananas, onions, chicory root, garlic, asparagus, barley, wheat, tomatoes, and leeks. It is inulin-type prebiotics, that helps to stimulate the growth of friendly bacteria in the intestine track to counter react to other bad bacteria such as candida but it may cause gas formation.

6. Etc.


Reducing intestine dysbiosis (A condition with microbial imbalances within the body)
1. Probiotics (See Above)

2. Prebiotics
Prebiotic is non-digestible food ingredients and the most prevalent forms of prebiotic is nutritionally classed as soluble fiber, that stimulate the production of number and/or activity of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria and/or activity in the digestive system in ways claimed to be beneficial to health of the host, by counteracting to the overgrowth of bad bacteria, including candida albcans.

3. Foods rich in FOS
FOS is the standard acronym for fructooligosaccharide, a class of oligosaccharides used as an artificial or alternative sweetener. These are complex carbohydrates, or sugars that come naturally from high fiber foods such as bananas, onions, chicory root, garlic, asparagus, barley, wheat, jícama, tomatoes, and leeks and used as an additive to yogurt and other dairy products. It enhances the digestive system in making good bacteria to counter balance the bad bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.

3. High fiber food
Fiber is the indigestible portion of plant foods having two main components soluble and insoluble fiber, consisted non-starch polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans, cellulose and many other plant component. While it is beneficial for alleviating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, such as diarrhea and/or constipation and abdominal discomfort, it is also a prebiotic which is beneficial to health of the host by enhnacing the production of good bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and counteracting to the overgrowth of bad bacteria, including candida albcans.
4. Avoid allergic foods
Eating allergic foods often cause symptoms of digestive disorders, including gas, stomach pains, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, etc. can weaken the good bacteria in our digestive systems from working as effectively, leading to overgrowth of bad bacteria quickly.

5. Regular intake of Allium satvum (garlic)
Allium satvum is a species in the onion family Alliaceae, native to Central Asia. Garlic beside is best known for its effectiveness in preventing heart disease, blood thinner and cancer, it also contains high amount of phytoncides that inhibits the growth of microorganisms and phytoalexin called allixin was found to have anti-oxidative and anti-microbial effects that would be helpful to keep a healthy digestive system and prevent the growth out of control of bad bacteria.

6. Enhances immune system
Living healthy and eating healthy foods such as such as whole grain, fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, beans and legumes (see more of Over 100 Healthy Foods List http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/) provide your body with necessary nutrients, including antioxidants, vitamins and minerals, that not only optimizes the digestive absorption but also enhances the immune in fighting against inflammation and infection caused by virus and bacteria and balances the microorganism in the gastrointestinal track.

7. UVC therapy
Light therapy is considered as a type of treatment of exposing to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light, used to accelerate wound healing, hair growth, acupuncture, improvement in blood properties and blood circulation. Statistical analysis found in vitro candida strains studied were sensitive to photodynamic therapy with malachite green.

8. Exercise
Exercise is important in enhancing the immune system that helps to reduce the likelihood of getting yeast infections but also put your body in a better position to fight off the candida.

9. Reduce stress
Signs of stress may be cognitive, emotional, physical or behavioral, signs of poor judgment, a general negative outlook, can depress the immune system and impair the digestive system, causing psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disease and gastrointestinal tract infection, leading to more favorable conditions for unhealthy candida to multiple.

10. Sex with several partner
A study in USA revealed that a 75% percentage of women have had candida yeast overgrowth at some point in their lives while a 45% of men have had yeast infection too. Sex with several partner increase the risk of infectious candida, If you must have sex, use of a condom will make the chances of the infection spreading minimal. Since it can potentially be contagious, If you noticed changes in your body like thick, cheese-like discharges, pain during sex and an itchy burning sensation, check with your doctor immediately.

11. Etc.

Recommended Reading
Guide to Cure CandidaProven Way to Eliminate Candida and
Other Harmful Infections Naturally

II. Candida Albicans In Traditional Chinese Medicine perspective
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is defined as a condition as a results of the overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Candida albicans. Candida cells are part of the normal flora of our bodies found most in the gastrointestinal track, in our mouth, vagina, etc. If for what ever reason, your immune system is weakened, it can cause over growth of candida, leading to digestive disorders, nervous irritability, vaginal yeast infections, etc.

Causes
In traditional Chinese medicine, candidiasis is defined as a condition of malfunction of the Triple Burner-related condition due to spleen and stomach disorder, causing excess fluid or phlegm in our system, weakening immune system, leading to damp heat accumulates in the Lower Burner, resulting in candidiasis.

Treatments
Cleansing
The overgrowth of candida in TCM is considered as the accumulation of waste, phlegm and damp heat, toxins due to inability of spleen and stomach in digesting foods properly.
A. Herbs for Lower and Middle burner symptoms
1. Long Dan Cao (Gentian)
Long can cao is also known as Gentian is a genus of flowering plants (Gentiana L) belonging to the family Gentianaceae. The bitter, cold and non toxic herb has been used in TCM as sedative and to treat inflammation, stimulate the digestive system and promotes bile, hydrochloride acid and other digestive enzymes secretion by clearing liver' and gallbladder' damp heat as it enhances the functions of liver, gallbladder and stomach channels.

2. Huang Qin (Skullcap)
Huang qin is laso known as skullcap, a genus of Scutellaria, belonging to the family Lamiaceae. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM as antihistamine and anti-toxin effect and to promote bowel movements, treat hepatitis B by clearing heat, drying fire, draining dampness as it promotes the functions of gallbladder, large intestine, lung, stomach channels.

3. Zhi Zi (Gardenia)
Zhi zi is also known as gardenia fruit, a genus of Gardenia, belonging to the family Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, southern Asia, Australasia and Oceania. The bitter, cold and toxic herb has been used in TCM as toxicity effects and antipyretic, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory and to treat digestive disorder by dispersing fire, clearing heat, draining dampness, expelling toxins as it enhances the functions of heart, liver, lung, stomach, triple warmer channels.

4. Mu Tong (Akebia caulis)
Mu Tong is also known as Akebia caulis, a genus of akebia, belonging to the family Lardizabalaceae. The bitter and cool herb has been used in TCM as antibiotic and to promote urination, improve cardiac function by calming pain on urination and clearing heat as it promotes the functions of bladder, heart, small intestine channels.

5. Che Qian Cao (Plaintain)
Che qian cao is also known as Plaintain, the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa, native to Southeast Asia and Oceania. The sweet and cold herb has been used in TCM to treat Damp heat in the lower burner channel due to infection of the urinary tract and bowel and damp heat cause of sexual dysfunction due to damp heat by stopping diarrhea clearing the liver and lungs and transforming phlegm as it promotes the functions of bladder, kidney, liver, lung channels.

6. Ze Xie (Alisma)
Ze xie is also known as Alisma, a genus of flowering plants in the family Alismataceae, found in a variety of still water habitats all over the world. The sweet and cold herb has been used in TCM to treat painful and difficult urination, diarrhea , leucorrhagia, caused by damp heat in the lower burner, by used as and eliminating water, clearing heat and damp heat as its enhances the functions of kidney and bladder channels.

7. Chai Hu (Buplerum)
Chai hu is also known as Buplerum, a genus Buplerum of plants of the Apiaceae family. The bitter and cold herd has been used in TCM to treat fever, irregular menses, prolapse of uterus, and prolapse of rectum by regulating and clear heat and resolving depression and liver stagnation as it promotes the functions of the liver, gallbladder, pericardium, triple burner channels.

8. Etc.


B. Herbs for Upper and Middle burner symptoms
1. Huang Lian (Coptis)
Huang lian is aslo known as Canker roots, a genus of Coptis in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Asia and North America. The bitter and cool herb has been used in TCM to treat indigestion, inflammation of intestine and diarrhea caused by bacterial infection by clearing heat, drying damp, dispersing fire and expelling toxins as it promotes the functions of heart, large intestine, liver, and stomach channels.


2. Da Huang (Ruhbarb)
Da Huang is also known as Ruhbarb, is a genus Rheum, belonging the family Polygonaceae. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to enhance bowel movement, reduce blood clots, treat tumor, abdominal-distention and/or pain, hemorrhoidal bleeding and urination burning sensation by clearing heat, dispersing fire, expelling toxins and invigorating blood as its promote the functions of heart, large intestine, liver, stomach channels.

3. Huang Bai (Phellodendra)
Huang Bai is also known as Cork-tree, a genus of Phellodendra, belonging to the family Rutaceae, native to east and northeast Asia. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM as antibiotic and anti Trichomoniasis, to lower blood pressure and blood sugar by
clearing damp heat in the lower burner due to bacterial infection, dispersing fire and expeling toxins as it promotes the functions of kidney and bladder channels.

4. Shi Gao (Gypsum)
Shi Gao is also known as Gypsum, a very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. The bitter, very cod and acrid herb has been used in TCM as antipyretics and to treat asthma, stomach ache, diabetes by clearing and fire and calming anxiety and reducing thirst as it promotes the functions of lung, stomach channels.

5. Lian Qiao (Forsythia)
Lian Qiao is also known as Forsythia fruit, is a genus of Forsythia, belongs to the family Oleaceae, native to Eastern Asia. The bitter, cold and slightly acrid herb has been used as spectrum antibiotic, anti inflammation and to lower fever and to protect liver by clearing heat and toxins, and resolving abscesses as it promotes the functions of heart, liver and gallbladder channels.

6. Jing Jie (Schizonepeta)
Jing Jie is also known as shizonepeta, a genus of Schizonepeta, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to China. The acrid, slightly warm and fragrant herb has been used in TCM as anti bacteria, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and to reduce pain and enhances immune system by expelling winds and releasing toxin through sweating and stop bleeding as it promotes the functions of lung and liver channels.

7. Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi)
Hu Hua also known as chrysanthemum flower, a genus of chrysanthemum, belongs to the family Asteraceae, native to Asia and northeastern Europe. The sweet, bitter and slightly cold herb has been used in TCM as anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and antipyretic and to benefit the cardio-vascular system by expelling wind, clearing heat and toxins as it promotes the functions of lung and liver channels.


8. Bo He (Mint)
Bo he is also known as Mint, a genus of Mentha, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the through the world. The acrid and cold herb has been used in TCM as anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and to treat wind-heat cause of infection with the symptoms of headache, red eyes, swollen and painful throat and achy stomach by dispersing wind-heat and clearing fire as it promotes the functions of liver and lung channels.

9. Gan Cao (Licorice)
Gan Cao is also known as Licorice, a genus of Glycyrrhiza, belonging to the family Fabaceae, native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. The sweet herb has been used in TCM as anti inflammatory, anti viral and bacterial and anti allergic and to enhance the adrenocortical hormone function by tonifying spleen; Benefiting qi, moistening lung as it promotes all 12 channels.

10. Etc.


C. Tonifying herbs
After cleansing the body with the above herbs, repairing the damage and restoring the balance are vital to prevent the reoccurring of the pathological factors in TCM.

1. Ren Shen (Ginseng)
Ren shen is aslo best known as Radix Ginseng , a slow-growing plant, belonging to the Panax genus in the family Araliaceae. The smells aromatic, tastes sweet and slightly warm herb has been used in TCM as anti cancer, anti aging medicine and to regulates central nervous system, circulatory system and prevent as it tonifies original qi, spleen, lungs and enhances the generation of body fluids by promoting the function of lung and spleen channels.

2. Bai Zhu (Atractylodis)
Bai zhu is also known as Bighead atractylodes rhizome, a genus Atractylodis, belonging to the family Asteraceae. The aromatic, acrid, and sweet herb has been used in TCM to treat liver, liver cancer, Meniere's disease, constipation chronic back pain, acute infection of intestine as it tonifies qi, strengthens spleen and dries dampness by enhancing the functions of spleen and stomach channels.

3. Fu Ling (Poria)
Fu ling is also known as Poria or china root, is a fungus in the genus Wolfiporia, belonging to family Polyporaceae. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM to treat inflmmation of uterus, headache, dizziness, palpitations, insomnia, loss of appetite as it eliminates fluid strengthens spleen and calms the mind by enhancing the function of heart, spleen, lung, kidney channels.

4. Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel)
Chen Pi is also known as Tangerine Peel, it is the skin of is an orange-coloured citrus fruit, belonging to the genus Citrus in the family Rutaceae. The bitter, acrid, warm herb is antibotic and has been used in TCM to improve digestion, stop vomiting and hiccups and bleeding, increase blood pressure, stimulate blood vessels and inhibit the movement of digestive tract as it helps to regulates qi and the middle burner, dry dampness and transform phlegm by promoting the functions of lung and spleen channels.

5. Ban Xia (Pinella)
Ban xia is also known as Pinellia Tuber, a genus of Pinellia, belonging to the family Araceae and native to China. The acrid, warm, toxic herb has been used in TCM to stops vomiting, promote vomiting, get rid of phlegm and induce calming as it dries dampness; transforms phlegm and tonifies middle burner that aids digestion by enhancing the functions of lung, spleen and stomach channels.

6. Sha Ren (Amomi)
Sha Ren is also known as cardamom seeds, the tree is belong to the genus Elettaria and Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae, native to in Asia and Australia. The acrid, warm and nontoxic herb has been used in TCM to treat digestive tract infection, bloating, stomach ache, nausea, vomiting and lack of appetite as it transforms dampness, stimulate movement of qi and warms the middle burner by promoting the functions of kidney, spleen and stomach channels.

7. Mu Xiang (Saussurea)
Mu Xiang is also known as costus root, a genus is a genus Saussurea in the family Asteraceae, native to cool temperate helps to and arctic regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. The acrid, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM as anti fungus and to treat pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, vomiting caused by weak digestion, digestive tract infection and yeast infection as it helps to enhance the movement of qi, regulates the middle burner and relieve pain by promoting the functions of gallbladder, large intestine, spleen, stomach channels.

D. Suggested Acupuncture points
The importance of acupuncture is to perform the same function of herbs by stimulating the movement of qi in the channels of which enhances the function of organs in fighting against the over growth fungus naturally and maintains the optimal healthy by preventing the reoccurring of the diseases. Therefore, it shares the same purposes in treating candidiasis as herbs mentioned above, including tonifying digestive system, sedating, drying dampness, clear excess heat in the intestines, balancing qi and blood, etc.

SP6 (San Yin Zao)
ST36 (Zu San Li),
KD3 (Tai Xi),
KD5 (Shui Quan )
LI3 (San Jian)
SP9 (Yin Ling Quan)
LI4 (He Gu )
LI11 (Qu Chi)
CV3 (Zhong Ji )
CV4 (Quan Yuan)
ST25 (Tian Shu)
SP4 (Gong Sun)
Etc.

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Tips To Reactivate Your Twitter Following Button If You Reach 2001 With Not Enough Followers

There were numbers of occasion that I have seen some inactive twitter accounts after reaching 2001 following with not enough followers. I believe the owners of such account have abandoned them by opening another account or quitting twitter all together. In fact, I faced the same problem when I reached 2001 following when I first started with twitter but I manage to solve it easily. I will share my experience with you, so all of us can enjoy the benefits that twitter provides.
If you reach 2001 with not enough followers (The terms and condition of twitter's policy allow any new opened account for the privilege of following 2000 following, but if you do them at once, you may risk to have your account suspense because of suspected activities. The best way to do it is to follow few hundred people each day), here are some possibilities

A. Abandon your account and quit twitter all together or open a new account
If you quit twitter than there is nothing to say, but if you try to open a new account, you will face the same problems again when you reach 2001 following with not enough followers.

B. Waiting for following to follow you back
This can not solve any problem. Since your following have not followed you after 7 days, they are unlikely to follow you back. There is always a possibility that you have accumulated a sizeable number of inactive accounts. Most twitterers check their account sometime, if they find out that you account has reached 2001 and have no intention to fix it, they will unfollow you. At the end, you will be losing some followers instead of gaining.

C. Use automate tweeting
There are numbers of paid automated tweeting service around, some of them are said very good but some just try to make some money from you. If you choose this route, please select your host carefully because as soon as you sign up, you have given your authorization to someone else to manage your account. If they don't do it properly, your account may be suspended. You also make sure that your host can adapt promptly to the change of the term and condition of twitter's policy quickly.

D. How to reactivate you following button
1. Go to Tweet Karma
By entering your username and password, Tweet Karma will provide you with all information of your account including followers and following
2. Click the following button
All people who have not followed you now appear on the screen, you can try to unfollow some or all of them. Although the bulk unfollowed button has been gone since Jan. 15 - 2010, you can follow any unfollower who is unlikely to follow you back manually. I just discovered this morning that Tweet Karma has installed a unfollowed button underneath the picture and name of each twitter, you can unfollow any unfollower by clicking the button.
In this state, in order to retivate you account, you should unfollow who has not follow you as many as you can, unless you find some accounts which you would like to retain.
3. After you have unfollowed some unfollowers
You now have more spaces to follow some people again. Please chose you following carefully, you don't to follow those people who you just unfollowed a few minutes ago and you don't want to come back to do this step all over again.

Finally, I urge you to read the terms of service of twitter's policy at http://twitter.com/tos
and the rule of unfollowing carefully. Remember, there are also some limitations that prevent twitters' spamming that you should read too.

For how to build a sizable and quality followers for your twitter account, click here
http://tinyurl.com/yzmraky