Phytochemical Beta-Sitosterol Inhibits the Multi-Factorial Drug-Resistant cancer cells

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of chronic and medical conditions caused by the alternation of cell DNA.

Most cases of cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of specific tissues and organs.

At the early stage due to the very small size of the tumor, most cancers are asymptomatic. However, at the advanced stage, cancer only can induce general symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomfort, unintended weight loss, fatigue, and loss but also lead to specific symptoms, such as localized bleeding and pain, depending on the location of the cancer.

Also, at this stage, primary cancer cells can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis through the circulation of blood and fluids.

Some cancers can be slow-growth, including prostate and colon cancer. Primary cancer at stages 0 and 1 may not induce any symptoms. However, at the later stage, a larger size tumor can induce specific symptoms depending on the affected organ accompanied by some general symptoms found in all types of cancer.

According to the statistic provided by the American Cancer Society, in the US in 2019, approximately 1,762,450 new cancer cases will be diagnosed and 606,880 deaths as are the result of cancer.

The multifactorial nature of tumor drug resistance refers to the limited ability of cancer drugs to penetrate tumor tissue and reach tumor cells in a potentially lethal concentration to induce toxicity.

In other words, cancer cell resistance to chemo drugs contributes to significantly low efficacy of cancer therapy with often reoccurrence.

Dr. Solyanik GI, in the study of chemo drug resistance, wrote, "Tumor drug resistance (TDR) remains a major obstacle for successful treatment of cancer. Till the ninetieth years of the past century, the resistance of tumors to anticancer drugs was most often ascribed to gene mutations, gene amplification, or epigenetic changes that influence the uptake, metabolism or export of drugs from single cells".

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the cytotoxic effects of the crude extract (FTB), fractions (FTBa-d), and compounds isolated from the bark of Fagara tessmannii, namely lupeol (1), fagaramide (2), zanthoxyline (3), hesperidin (4), nitidine chloride (5), fagaridine chloride (6), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) on multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells.

The compound 6, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside showed a strong effect in inducing cytotoxicity on 9 tested cancer cell lines in a doses-depending manner, depending on the types of cancer.

Furthermore, compound 6 demonstrated anticancer activity with 1.69 µM against CCRF-CEM cells and 22.06 µM against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, compared to 0.02 µM against CCRF-CEM cells to 122.96 µM against CEM/ADR5000 cells for doxorubicin.

Moreover, compound 6 also induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation associated with cell death programming, MMP alteration in enhancing the ROS production to induce cancer cell cytotoxicity.

Based on the results, researchers said, "... (compound) 6 revealed considerable cytotoxicity and may be suitable candidates deserving to be further explored to develop new anticancer drugs to combat sensitive and resistant phenotypes".

Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of multi-factorial drug-resistant cancers, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and constituents of the bark of Fagara tessmannii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells by Mbaveng AT1, Damen F2, Çelik İ3, Tane P2, Kuete V4, Efferth T. (PubMed)
(2) Multifactorial nature of tumor drug resistance by Solyanik GI. (PubMed)

Elevated Levels of Alpha Tocopherols May Contribute to the Risk of Uterine Fibroids

By Kyle J. Norton


A fibroid is a benign tumor that grows in, on, or outside of the wall of the uterus. If it grows big enough, it may interfere with the implantation of the embryo in the uterus, leading to premature delivery, miscarriage, and increasing the risk of infertility, if they grow near the opening of both Fallopian tubes and distort the shape of uterine captivity.

According to the statistic from National Uterine Fibroid Foundations, approximately 80% of all women have uterine fibroids with the majority usually having no symptoms. Every 10 minutes, 12 hysterectomies are performed in the United States alone.

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that originate in the uterus (womb).

Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common symptom of a fibroid. If the mass of the fibroids is near the uterine lining or interferes with the blood flow to the lining, they can cause heavy periods, painful periods, prolonged periods, or spotting between menses.

According to the statistics from the information on government of women's health, approximately 20 percent to 80 percent of women develop fibroids by the time they reach age 50.

Fibroids are the most common reproductive diseases in women in their 40s and early 50s. Some women with fibroids are asymptomatic.

The common symptoms of uterine fibroids are
* Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Vaginal bleeding between periods within inappropriate amounts of blood flow should be checked with the doctor as soon as possible. It may be caused by the expansion of overgrowth of pre-cancer uterine lining cells infection or breaking off the endometrial capillaries or blood vessels.

*Increased amount of vaginal discharge
An increase in the amount of vaginal discharge accompanied by abnormal odor or pain, itching, or burning sensation may be caused by infection or inflammation.

* Painful urination
Painful urination, most of the time is caused by an infection of the urinary tract that affects the bladder emptying, but sometimes it can be caused by infectious diseases and may be an indication of pre-endometrial cancer.

* Pain during sex
Most of the time is caused by vestibulitis and vaginismus sex, but in some cases, it can be caused by cancer or other reproductive diseases.

* Pain in the abdomen
There are many reproductive diseases that can cause pain in the pelvis, such as appendicitis, salpingitis, uterine descensus, etc. but it can be caused by the early stage of endometrial cancer.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of diseases associated with reproductive organs in women, researchers examined the effects of tocopherols on uterine fibroids (UFs).

A total of 162 patients who participated in the study were divided into 2 groups: with UFs and controls.

According to the UFs confirmed on ultrasound and controls, the levels of AT serum concentrations were 11.66 ± 4.97 μg/ml and 7.83 ± 3.13 μg/ml (medians 10.56 μg/ml and 7.42 μg/ml).

In other words, high levels of alpha-tocopherol (AT) are associated with an increased risk of UFs.

Higher BMI, positive family history, and low parity were found to be major risk factors for UFs.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Elevated serum AT concentration might be an important risk factor for UFs in Caucasian women. Further research in this area is necessary".

Taken altogether, alpha tocopherols may induce uterine fibroids, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alpha tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals' Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Alpha-Tocopherol Serum Levels Are Increased in Caucasian Women with Uterine Fibroids: A Pilot Study by Ciebiera M1, Szymańska-Majchrzak J2, Sentkowska A3, Kilian K3, Rogulski Z4, Nowicka G5, Jakiel G1, Tomaszewski P6,7, Włodarczyk M. (PubMed)