n-Hexane Soluble Compounds Found in #Dandelion Exert a Strong Antioxidant Activity, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Platelet aggregation refers to the platelet-to-platelet adhesion in the blood that forms a clot. Platelet aggregation plays a critical role in the protection of the body against blood loss due to injury or tissue damage.

In other words, platelet aggregation is a natural reaction of the wound healing process of blood clotting in damage and injury of our body, to prevent infection and inflammation.


However, activated platelets that stimulate blood clot formation have also been found to induce atherothrombotic disease.

Antiplatelet aggregation medicines, also known as platelet agglutination inhibitors are the types of medicine that process blood-thinning properties.

Diseases associated with low and abnormal blood platelets include
* Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by low blood platelets due to abnormal function of the bone marrow that makes platelets. patients with thrombocytopenia due to the low quantity of blood platelets may experience symptoms of a bruise, internal bleeding, or nosebleed.

Long-term untreated thrombocytopenia has been found to increase the risk of cancer, liver disease, pregnancy, infections, and an abnormal immune system.

* Essential thrombocythemia is a disease associated with overproducing blood platelets by the bone marrow, leading to symptoms of blood clots that form and block the blood supply to the brain or the heart.

* Secondary thrombocytosis is also another condition caused by too many platelets produced by the bone marrow.

In other words, antiplatelet aggregation medicines reduce the risk of blood clotting used in patients who have a high risk of cardiovascular disease such as aspirin.

Coagulation disorders or bleeding disorders are medical conditions that affect blood clotting activities. The most common diseases associated with coagulation disorders are Hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, clotting factor deficiencies, hypercoagulable states, and deep venous thrombosis.

Dandelion is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Taraxacum, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to temperate regions of the world. It has been used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat gout, eczema, acne, gall bladder, kidney, liver, and urinary disorders, hypoglycemia, dyspepsia with constipation, edema, blood pressure, heart weakness, chronic joint, skin diseases, etc.

in finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of diseases involved in oxidative stress, scientists examined the n-hexane soluble compounds from aerial parts of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg) antioxidant activity.

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "This fraction demonstrated insignificant antimicrobial activity and can be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries".

Taken altogether, Dandelion may be considered an antioxidant remedy for the protection of oxidative stress, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anticoagulant from Taraxacum platycarpum by Yun SI1, Cho HR, Choi HS. (PubMed)

#Healthyfood #Honey and Barely Exhibit a Significant Decrease in Depression, Stress, and Mood Disturbances, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a natural alternative for the treatment of depression according to studies. Depression is a common and serious psychological illness, that affects the physical and mental functions of patients, including the ways patients feel, think, and act.

Some patients with depression may feel sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.

There are many causes associated with the onset of depression, including genetics, changes in hormone levels, certain medical conditions, stress, grief, or difficult life circumstances that initiate the change of brain chemistry in inducing depressive syndrome.

The most common symptoms of depression include sadness, hopelessness, guilt, change of mood, and loss of interest in friends, family, favorite activities, and sex.

Some patients with depression also experience cognitive symptoms of trouble concentrating, making decisions, remembering, and thoughts of harming themselves.

Readers may find other symptoms not included in the article including behavior and physical symptoms.

According to the statistics provided by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability in the U.S. for ages 15 to 44.3, affecting more than 16.1 million American adults, or about 6.7% of the U.S. population age 18 and older.

Some researchers suggested that the widespread depression in the Western world may be associated with life stress at work and home.

Dr. T. Plieger, the lead scientist in examining the effects of psychological stress on depression wrote, "A significantly closer relation between depression and life stress than between burnout and life stress was found in the healthy (z = 3.01, p = .003) as well as in the depressed sample".

"This finding was supported in both samples by means of a path analytic approach where the associations between life stress, burnout, and depression were controlled for the possible mediator and moderator effects, also considering the influence of age".


Honey is a miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers.

The rich golden liquid is considered one of the healthy sweet food for replacing the use of white sugar and artificial sweetener by many people.

Scientists searching for an alternative remedy for the treatment of depression with no side effects examined the effects of honey on several studies by searching the database of online medical literature.

8 studies that satisfied the standard criteria and guidelines were chosen, including 2 RCTs of human subjects and 6 animal studies.

The randomized studies suggested that depressed elderly treated with a mix of honey and barely exhibited a significant decrease in depression, stress, and mood disturbances scores compared to the control group.

In menopausal women, treatment with honey or a mix of honey and pollens exerted a significant activity in the improvement of the three subscales of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) by 68.3% and 70.9%, respectively.

The results also suggested that posttreatment demonstrates a better effect compared to pretreatment when the mixture of honey was applied.


Furthermore, the application showed similar effects on the serum levels of cholesterol, such as total, HDL, or LDL cholesterol), triglycerides, or oestradiol in both groups.

According to the survey returned, participants reported that they observed improvements 3-4 days after the initiation of treatment. On a 10-point taste scale, (1 = very good and 10 = very bad) honey received an average score of 2.3, whereas a honey and pollen mix received an average score of 6.0.

Interestingly, the side effects of exhaustion and edema of the lower extremities were reported by some participants, and 2 participants were withdrawn from the study due to the taste of the mix of honey with bare powder.

In animal studies, all experiments displayed a positive effect of honey on depression. Some studies also found that honey improves depressive-like behaviors, cognitive function, and symptoms of anhedonia.

Furthermore, honey injection also showed a reduction of anxiety symptoms and an improvement in spatial memory.

Moreover, honey alone or a combination of honey and other bee products inhibited MAO enzyme activity in the liver of treated mice.

Where monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), an enzyme that metabolizes monoamines was elevated in depressed patients.

And, the anti-depressive effects were correlated to the volume of honey intake. In other words, greater improvements were associated with the increased administration of high doses of honey.

In order to reveal more information about honey depression activity, researchers examined
Tualang and Acacia honey in patients with stress-depression disorder.

Both Tualang and Acacia honey showed a significant anti-depression activity through increasing the production of levels of antioxidants.

However, Tualang honey consumption was found to be more suitable in regulating weight-related effects of stress-depression disorder compared to that of Acacia honey which exerted more profound effects in alleviating depression effects and managing glucocorticoid imbalance effects of the stress-depression disorder.


Taken together, honey, particularly Tualang, and Acacia honey, used alone or combined with other bee products may be considered functional remedies for the prevention and treatment of depression, pending the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Bee Honey as a Potentially Effective Treatment for Depression: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Findings by Amira Mohammed Ali1* and Amin Omar Hendawy. (JOJ Nursing and Health Care)
(2) Potential Use of Tualang and Acacia Honey in Ameliorating Stress-Depression Disorder: A Preliminary Study by Qamarul Hafiz Zainol Abidin, Nurul Hanani Mohd. Rujhan, Wan Iryani Wan Ismail. (Researcher Gate)
(3) Life stress as a potential risk factor for depression and burnout by Author links open overlay panel.PliegeraM.MelchersaC.MontagbR.MeermanncM.Reuterad. (Science Direct)

#Phytochemical #Betacyanins Inhibits Cognitive Deficit induced by Neurotoxicity, Researchers Show

Kyle J. Norton

Cognitive deficit is a medical condition associated with the impairment of a person's mental processes and the ability to acquire information and knowledge that interact with the outside world.
The most common causes of cognitive deficit include genetic predisposition, birth defects that affect the central nervous system such as Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome, malnutrition, prematurity, and conditions that cause decreased oxygen to the brain.

Some researchers suggested that age degeneration, neuron injury that causes the death of some neurons involved in cognition, brain cancer in the cognitive region and environmental factors are also associated with the risk of cognitive deficit.

Some early signs and symptoms of cognitive deficits may include signs of global developmental delay in childhood such as language, walking, self-care skills, and/or imitative play, delayed cognitive skills compared to most children of the same age, particularly difficulty in performing school works.

If your child has some of the social, adaptive, cognitive, language, gross motor and fine motor problems, please check with his/her doctor to rule out the possibility of cognitive deficit.


As of today, there is no cure for the cognitive deficit. The aim of the treatment is to improve the quality of life reduce symptoms and delay the progression of the disease.

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.


With an aim to find a potential and natural ingredient for the treatment of cognitive deficit, researchers assessed the protective effect of betacyanins isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. against the D-galactose (D-gal)-induced neurotoxicity in mice.

Based on the behavioral tests, D-galactose (D-gal)-induced neurotoxicity in mice treated with betacyanins showed a strong effect on the improvement of learning and memory impairments.

Additionally, the levels of brain antioxidant levels such as superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in D-gal-treated mice were significantly increased by the injection of betacyanins.

Furthermore, lipid peroxidation product found in the brain tissues and neurons such as malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased by betacyanin administration.

Moreover, levels of the activities of SOD, CAT GR, and GPx in the mouse brain, had a significant negative correlation compared to the positive correlation of the level of MDA with the mouse cognitive impairment.

In other words, oxidative stress caused by D-galactose (D-gal)-induced neurotoxicity induced low levels of antioxidants enzymes such as SOD, CAT GR and GPx in the mouse brain were restored by the injection of betacyanins.

Based on the finding, researchers wrote in the final report, "These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of betacyanins against D-gal-induced neurotoxicity might be caused, at least in part, by an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes with a reduction in lipid peroxidation" and "the betacyanins had a more pronounced effect on ameliorating cognition deficits in mice".


Taken together, betacyanins may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cognition deficits, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Betacyanins from Portulaca oleracea L. ameliorate cognition deficits and attenuate oxidative induced by D-galactose in the brains of senescent mice by Chang-Quan Wang, and Gui-Qin Yang. (Research Gate)

#Herbal #Ashwagandha Exhibits Antiproliferative Activity Against Several Osteosarcoma Cell Lines, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer found mostly in teenagers and people over age 60.
Most cases of osteosarcoma are associated with genetic syndromes. In other words, Osteosarcoma is associated with a genetic preposition inherited from the parent.

According to the statistics from the American Cancer Society, each year, approximately 800 to 900 new cases of osteosarcoma are diagnosed in the United States with half of these in children and teens.

The exact causes of osteosarcoma are unidentified. However, epidemiologically, besides gene expression, an unhealthy lifestyle such as body weight, physical activity, diet, and tobacco, gender, age, height, ethnicity, and exposure to bone radiation are also some prevalent factors found in patients with the disease.

Dr. Jeff W. Martin, the lead scientist at the Hospital for Sick Children and Queen's University wrote, "The etiology of this often aggressive cancer is currently unknown because complicated structural and numeric genomic rearrangements in cancer cells preclude the understanding of tumor development.",

And, " few consistent genetic changes that may indicate effective molecular therapeutic targets have been reported. However, high-resolution techniques continue to improve knowledge of distinct areas of the genome that are more commonly associated with osteosarcomas".

The overall 5-year survival rate for children and teens with osteosarcoma is 70%. If cancer has spread to the lung, the 5-year survival rate is only 40% compared to localized cancer between 60% to 80%.

Conventionally, most cases of osteosarcoma are o treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

In patients with high-grade tumors, before surgery, neo-adjuvant therapy may be necessary to shrink the tumor.

Ashwagandha (WA)also known as Withania somnifera is a nightshade plant in the genus of Withania, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to the dry parts of India, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. The herbal medicine has been considered as Indian ginseng and used in Ayurvedic medicine for over 3000 years to treat tumors and tubercular glands, carbuncles, memory loss, and ulcers and considered an anti-stress, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging herbal medicine.

In finding a potent compound for the treatment of cancers, researchers examined and evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of WA.

In Vitro, Withaferin-A (WF-A), a major bioactive compound found in WA exhibited strong antiproliferative activity against several osteosarcoma cell lines, with IC50 ranging from 0.32 to 7.6 μM. The lowest IC50 (0.32 μM).

At the lowest IC50 (0.32 μM), WF-A showed a significant effect on the inhibition of the U2OS cell line, compared to other cell lines.

Most importantly, WF-A induced ROS cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and activation of cell death protein in osteosarcoma cells.


In the safety analysis, if the phase I dose-escalation study, using the classical 3 + 3 design (C33D) is comprised of 72, 108, 144 and 216 mg of WA administered in two to four divided doses per day in selected patients, including 3 patients enrolled in each cohort with the last patient who was observed for at least 30 days for any dose-limiting toxicity before progressing to a higher cohort, researchers found that the formulation was generally well tolerated with no grade 3 or grade 4 adverse events were observed, however, the formulation at the tested doses caused 11 adverse events of grade 1 or grade 2 severity.

Mose common symptoms are fatigue, fever, edema, and diarrhea. No levels of WA circulation. were found in the blood plasma. The low oral bioavailability of WA was also observed during the experimental period.
Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "The formulation was well tolerated. However, WA appears to have low oral bioavailability. Further studies with improved formulations are warranted".


Taken together, Ashwagandha is safe and may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and an adjunct therapy combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of osteosarcomas, pending the result of a larger sample size and multicenter study

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Withaferin-A in advanced stage high-grade Osteosarcoma: A phase I trial by Pires N1, Gota V1, Gulia A2, Hingorani L3, Agarwal M2, Puri A. (PubMed)
(2) Withaferin-A Induces Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Line via Generation of ROS and Disruption of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential by Zhang HL1,2, Zhang H. (PubMed)
(3) The Genetics of Osteosarcoma by Jeff W. Martin,1 Jeremy A. Squire,2 and Maria Zielenska. (Hindawi)

#Herbal #Angelica Combined with #Danshen, #Gegen, and #Chuanxiong Process Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT), Scientists Say

Kyle J. Norton

Platelets are tiny blood cells that prevent injury and infection by forming clots to stop bleeding.
Antiplatelet activity is an action that prevents and treats blood clots.

Anticoagulants, commonly known as blood thinners, are conventional medicines used to reduce the coagulation of blood, and prolong the clotting time.

Anticoagulants have been used widely for people with a high risk of heart disease and stroke due to narrowing arteries associated with plaque accumulation on the arterial walls.

Platelets are made in the bone marrow which also produces white and red blood cells.

Diseases associated with low and abnormal blood platelets include
* Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by low blood platelets due to abnormal function of the bone marrow that makes platelets. patients with thrombocytopenia due to the low quantity of blood platelets may experience symptoms of a bruise, internal bleeding, or nosebleed.

Long-term untreated thrombocytopenia has been found to increase the risk of cancer, liver disease, pregnancy, infections, and an abnormal immune system.

* Essential thrombocythemia is a disease associated with overproducing blood platelets by the bone marrow, leading to symptoms of blood clots that form and block the blood supply to the brain or the heart.

* Secondary thrombocytosis is also another condition caused by too many platelets produced by the bone marrow.


Angelica or Dang Qui is a herb of Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China.

The herb has been used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine antispasmodic and vasodilatory agent, and to balance the hormones in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation and strengthen the heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver for both men and women, etc. In other words, it is used to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia, and high blood pressure. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc.

In finding a natural compound for the treatment of platelet aggression, the researchers examined the impact of these four commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the combination therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin.

In order to mimic the standard dosing regimen for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in humans, Sprague-Dawley rats treatment groups received a bolus oral dose of DAPT on day 1 followed by DAPT for consecutive 13 days in the absence and presence of orally co-administered four TCM herbs (Danshen, Gegen, Danggui, and Chuanxiong) at their low and high doses.

According to the results on day 14, and observed the plasma concentrations of aspirin (ASA) and clopidogrel (CLP) and their corresponding metabolites,

* Co-administration of Gegen and Danggui significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of ASA and CLP in DAPT with increased systemic exposure to ASA and CLP respectively.

Furthermore, DAPT with Danshen, Gegen, and Danggui co-treatment. significant inhibition on rCyp2c11 that enzymes mediate the metabolism of ASA and carboxylesterase activities in drug metabolism, compared to a minimal impact on aspirin esterase activity in all co-administered herbs.

Moreover. all DAPT treatment groups showed a significantly longer prothrombin time (PT) compared to a decrease of the DAPT group in the presence of Gegen, Danggui, and Chuanxiong with no change to other coagulative expressions.

Taken altogether, Herbal Angelica combined with other herbal medicines may be used as a remedy to offset the anticoagulant activity of DAPT, pending to larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Impact of the Chinese herbal medicines on dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics outcomes and related mechanisms in rats by Xiao M1, Qian C2, Luo X3, Yang M4, Zhang Y5, Wu C6, Mok C7, Lee P8, Zuo Z. (PubMed)

#Lycopene Reduces Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke (CS), Researchers Reveal

Kyle J. Norton

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune systematics reaction that protects the body against invasive foreign microorganisms.

In the acute phase of infection, the macrophage of the largest white blood cells of the first line of defense not only stimulates the production of blood platelets to cover the site of damage but also induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to fend off foreign invaders.

During the acute phase of infection, depending on the individual immune system capacity, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines may cause damage to nearby healthy cells, leading to the formation of scars in some people.

Most cases of infection are stopped at the acute phase of infection. The wound is slowly healed itself within a few days or weeks.

However, if the immune system can not destroy all pathogens within a set of period time ( 3 to 8 weeks) it will compromise, leading to chronic inflammation.

In other words, chronic inflammation occurs when the immune response lingers, causing low-grade inflammation. Chronic inflammation over time may damage proteins, lipids, and cells of the body tissues.

The infection may be latent in which the pathogen remains within the body for a long time without producing any symptoms, such as the hepatitis virus.

Diseases associated with chronic inflammation include cancer, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.

Anti-inflammation is a treatment that not only reduces inflammation or swelling but also protects the damaged tissue against the formation of a scar without affecting the immune function in killing foreign invaders.

Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoids, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world's diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

With an aim to find potential ingredients with anti-inflammatory properties, researchers examined the effects of lycopene on reducing inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS).

In vivo, according to the study of 40 mice divided into 5 groups: a control exposed to ambient air (CG), a vehicle-control group that received 200 μl of sunflower oil by orogastric gavage, a group exposed to CS and two groups administered lycopene (diluted in sunflower oil) at doses of either 25 or 50 mg/kg/day prior to exposure to CS (LY25+CS and LY50+CS) for 5 days,
* There was an increase in ROS production in 24 h in CS compared with CG.

* Lycopene administrated at concentrations of 1 μM and 2 μM were able to reduce the production of ROS in 24 h compared with CS.

* Administration with lycopene at the highest dose suppressed the CS-induced increase of leukocytes.

* Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage increased in the CS group compared with that in the controls and was also suppressed by lycopene at the highest dose.

* Furthermore, the decrease of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the CS group compared with that in the controls was also reduced in the LY25+CS and LY50+CS groups.

* Lycopene also inhibited the expression of proteins associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-10 after exposure to CS.

In vitro, observation of the results of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated SW 480 human colorectal cancer cells found that

* Lycopene at a dose-dependent manner decreased the expression of mRNA associated with protein in the initiation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines similar to that of the aforementioned study.

* Lycopene also inhibited the concentrations of mediators prostaglandins -2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) associated with the onset of inflammation.

* Additionally, lycopene blocks the activation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) which cause inflammation.

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomatoes may be considered a supplement for the prevention of inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of lycopene in mice lungs exposed to cigarette smoke by Campos KKD1, Araújo GR2, Martins TL1, Bandeira ACB2, Costa GP3, Talvani A3, Garcia CCM4, Oliveira LAM5, Costa DC2, Bezerra FS. (PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene in SW480 human colorectal cancer cells by Cha JH1, Kim WK1, Ha AW1, Kim MH2, Chang MJ. (PubMed)

#Isorhamnetin and Myricetin Found in #Cranberry Inhibit #BladderCancer Cells in Vitro, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

The bladder-formed part of the secretory system is a muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone.
The bladder has 2 main functions store the urine made in the kidneys and control urinary secretion.

Cancer is a group of chronic diseases characterized by cell growth that starts on the surface of the inner lining tissue of a specific tissue of a gland or organ.

Bladder cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects men twice as frequently as it affects women, Bladder cancer usually starts from the cells on the surface of the inner tissue that lines the bladder.

Bladder cancer depending on the origination of the cancer beginning can be classified into
* Transitional cell carcinoma
In the early stage of bladder cancer, normal cells become cancerous in the innermost tissue layer of the bladder which can change shape and stretch without breaking apart. In other words, cancer in this stage is able to stretch when the bladder is full and shrink when the bladder is emptied.
More than 90 percent of bladder cancers begin in the transitional cells

* Squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer begins in squamous cells found in the tissues of the surface of the bladder, due to long-term infection or irritation. About 8 percent of people with bladder cancers begin with squamous cells.

* Adenocarcinoma
Cancer originates from the glandular tissue of the bladder, including the surface layer of skin, glands, and a variety of other tissue, due to long-term irritation and inflammation. Only 2 percent of people with the condition have a third bladder cancer type.

The exact causes of bladder cancer are unidentified. However, smoking has been associated with a significant factor that causes the onset of the disease.

Dr. Neal D. Freedman, the lead scientist wrote, "Previous studies indicate that the population attributable risk of bladder cancer for tobacco smoking is 50–65% in men and 20–30% in women and that current cigarette smoking triples bladder cancer risk relative to never smoking".

And, "Over the last 30 years, incidence rates have remained stable in the United States (men: 123.8/100,000 person-years to 142.2/100,000 person-years; women: 32.5/100,000 person-years to 33.2/100,000 person-years)".

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.


In finding a potential compound for the treatment of bladder cancer, researchers examined the anti-proliferative activities of cranberry-derived flavonoids on human bladder tumor cell lines (RT4, SCABER, and SW-780) and non-tumorigenic immortalized human uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC).

According to the tested analysis,

* Quercetin 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin (3'-O-methyl quercetin), myricetin, and quercetin found in cranberry showed strong concentration-dependent cell growth inhibitory activities in bladder cancer cells with IC50 values in a range of 8-92 μM compared to others.
* Isorhamnetin and myricetin had very low inhibitory activity against SV-HUC even at very high concentrations (>200 μM) compared to bladder cancer cells.

These results strongly suggested that isorhamnetin and myricetin inhibited bladder cancer cells without causing harm to the nearby healthy cells.


Furthermore, according to the results of SW-780 cells incubated with the aforementioned compounds, hyperoside, a member of 3-O-galactoside of quercetin undergoes relatively less metabolic biotransformation (methylation, glucuronidation, and quinone formation) compared to quercetin 3-O-glucoside.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Isorhamnetin and quercetin 3-O-glucoside may be the active forms of quercetin in the prevention of bladder cancer".

Taken altogether, cranberry-processed abundantly bioactive compounds may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Metabolism and growth inhibitory activity of cranberry derived flavonoids in bladder cancer cells by Prasain JK1, Rajbhandari R1, Keeton AB2, Piazza GA2, Barnes S. (PubMed)
(2) Cranberries and Cancer: An Update of Preclinical Studies Evaluating the CancerInhibitory Potential of Cranberry and Cranberry Derived Constituents by Weh KM1, Clarke J2,3,4, Kresty LA. (PubMed)
(3) Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women by Neal D Freedman, PhD, MPH,1 Debra T Silverman, ScD, ScM,1 Albert R Hollenbeck, Ph.D.,2Arthur Schatzkin, MD, DrPH,1 and Christian C Abnet, PhD, MPH. (PMC)