#Phytochemical #Allicin Inhibits #CardiovascularDiseases by Inducing Vasorelaxation and Alleviating Various Pathological Conditions, Scientists Find

Kyle J. Norton

Allicin, a bioactive compound found abundantly in garlic and onion may be the next pharmaceutical target to identify the single-ingredient medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, some scientists suggested.

Cardiovascular diseases are a class of chronic and medical conditions of heart and blood vessel disease related to the plaque build-up in the walls of the arteries that cause the blockage of blood flow and reduce the oxygen and nutrients rich blood reaching the heart, leading to heart attack and stroke,

There are many causes of heart disease. Most heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure that contributes to the hardening of the arteries.
High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a result of an uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat.

All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.

Dr. P. Scarborough, the lead author in the study "An index of an unhealthy lifestyle is associated with coronary heart disease mortality rates for small areas in England after adjustment for deprivation" wrote, "Sets of synthetic estimates of the ward-level prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption, obesity, raised blood pressure, raised cholesterol and smoking were combined to develop an index of an unhealthy lifestyle".

These results suggested that people who follow the Western diet with high consumption of saturated and trans fat, red meats, and processed food accompanied by physical inactivity are associated with a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease.


On the other hand, people who are nonsmokers and follow a traditional diet with a high intake of fruits and vegetables and whole-grain and daily moderate exercise have a lower risk of the disease onset.

If you experience symptoms of chest pain, tightness, chest discomfort (angina), shortness of breath and weakness or coldness in your legs or arms, please check with your doctor immediately, you may be at the early onset of cardiovascular disease.


Allicin is a phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compounds, found abundantly in onion and garlic.

In the concerns of hyperlipidemia. cause of cardiovascular disease, researchers at the Taishan Medical University, conducted an investigation to test the effects of combination therapy of allicin and fenofibrate on the endothelial and liver functions in rats.


In the study, healthy male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet were treated with fenofibrate (80 mg/kg per day) alone, allicin (60 mg/kg per day) alone, and a lower dosage of combined therapy (allicin 20 mg/kg per day and fenofibrate 30 mg/kg per day) respectively for 8 weeks.

At the final phase, compared with high-fat diet control, fenofibrate alone or the combined therapy increased remarkably the levels of high-density lipoprotein respectively (P<0.05).

Both single and combined therapy of fenofibrate and allicin significantly enhanced the levels of NO (P<0.01 or P<0.05), but the combined therapy had the greatest high endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation (EDVR) responses. These suggested that both ingredients had a significant effect in enhancing vascular relaxation.

Futhermore, the combined therapy also inhibited the levels of ALT and AST caused by infection of a high-fat diet in the stimulation of oxidative stress.


Additionally, in the search for chemicals that arise from natural food sources with the potential to provide beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, researchers at the heart team at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University launched a study to test the effect of allicin on heart diseases.


Application of Allicin demonstrated cardioprotective effects by inducing vasorelaxation and alleviating various pathological conditions of CVD, including cardiac hypertrophy, angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia.

Allicin was also discovered to further protect the cardiovascular system by enhancing the antioxidant status by lowering the level of reactive oxygen species and stimulating the production of glutathione.


Dr. Chan JY, the lead author, said, "From the pharmacokinetic studies, allicin is known to be hydrophobic and can be readily absorbed through the cell membrane without inducing any damage to the phospholipid bilayer and then rapidly metabolized to exert pharmacological effects that are important to the cardiovascular system".

Taken all together, Allicin, the bioactive compound may be considered a functional supplement for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, depending on the further differentiation in the human study


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(3) The effect of combination therapy of allicin and fenofibrate on high fat diet-induced vascular endothelium dysfunction and liver damage in rats BY Li W, Wang D, Song G, Zuo C, Qiao X, Qin S.(PubMed)
(4) A review of the cardiovascular benefits and antioxidant properties of allicin by Chan JY, Yuen AC, Chan RY, Chan SW.(PubMed)
(5) An index of unhealthy lifestyle is associated with coronary heart disease mortality rates for small areas in England after adjustment for deprivation by P. Scarborough,⁎ S. Allender, M. Rayner, and M. Goldacre. (PMC)

#Aqueous #Broccoli #Extracts (BEs) Protect the Pancreatic Tissue Damage in Diabetes, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by a chain reaction of the overexpression of free radicals that cannot be stopped.
In other words, overexpression of free radicals and depletion of antioxidants are the major causes of oxidative stress.

More precisely, oxidative stress is a result of a long-term imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants produced by the host.

Free radicals are highly reactive atoms with a single unpaired electron in an outermost shell with a function to donate or intercept an electron from other stable atoms, leading to a chain reaction that induces oxidative damage to the enzymes, other proteins, unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipids, DNA and RNA,..,

Antioxidants are stable atoms that inhibit oxidation.

Oxidative stress may be preventable if antioxidants in the body can pair all electrons in the outermost ring.

Overexpression of free radicals is harmful to the human body. However, free radicals in a moderate amount generated from cell metabolism may play a critical role in the synthesis of energy and essential molecules and boost the immune system.

In a healthy individual, antioxidants produced by the body are good enough to prevent the onset of oxidative stress. However, in people with a weakened immune system, intake of dietary antioxidants such as supplements of antioxidant-rich food may be necessary.

Dr. Biller-Takahashi JD, the lead scientist in the joint study led by the UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista wrote, "Short-term supplementation with 0.6 mg Se-yeast kg(-1) reestablished the antioxidative status, allowing the production of innate components which can boost immunity without the risk of oxidative stress".

Broccoli is a species of Brassica Oleracea, belonging to the family Brassicaceae with unknown origin. Today, the plant is cultivated commercially for its thick, slightly bitter edible leaves.

In findings of a potent and natural compound to prevent pancreatic tissue damage in diabetes, scientists investigated the potential hypoglycaemic and antioxidant properties of aqueous broccoli extracts (BEs) in diabetic rats.

Rats selected for the study induced diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection dose of 50 mg/kg body weight of Streptozotocin (STZ) drug were co-administration with or without BEs.


After 8 weeks, based on the blood analysis, diabetic rats without co-administration with BEs showed significantly higher levels of pancreatic cell DNA damage, depletion of levels of antioxidant GSH, and impaired antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, compared to non-diabetics.

Furthermore, diabetes rats without co-administration with BEs also demonstrated significant pancreatic tissue damage.

Diabetes rats with BEs co-administration not only reduced all parameters expression but also protected the pancreatic tissue against histopathological changes.

In other words, BEs reduced the damage to pancreas tissue caused by STZ-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative injury by enhancing the production of antioxidant enzymes in the tested rats.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "The used in vivo model confirmed the efficacy of BE as an anti-diabetic herbal medicine and provided insights into the capacity of BE to be used for phytoremediation purposes for human type 2 diabetes".

Taken together, broccoli may be considered a functional food for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced pancreatic tissue damage, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Reduces Oxidative Damage to Pancreatic Tissue and Combats Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Rats by Suresh S1, Waly MI1, Rahman MS1, Guizani N1, Al-Kindi MAB2, Al-Issaei HKA2, Al-Maskari SNM3, Al-Ruqaishi BRS3, Al-Salami A. (PubMed)
(2) The immune system is limited by oxidative stress: Dietary selenium promotes optimal antioxidative status and greatest immune defense in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus by Biller-Takahashi JD1, Takahashi LS2, Mingatto FE3, Urbinati EC. (PubMed)

#Bromelain Enzyme B2252 Show a Strong Inhibition of Influenza A(H1N1) and B Viruses, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Influenza A, B, C, and D are 4 types of flu influenza. Influenza virus A and B are seasonal flu that occur during the fall, winter, and early spring, They cause sniffling, aching, coughing, running and stuffy nose, and fever, affecting over 20% of the general population.
Influenza virus type C in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae tends to cause mild upper respiratory infections, similar to those of cold.

Influenza D viruses only affect cattle.

Individuals who have influenza are usually recovered within one week and symptoms are gone within 2 weeks.

However, people with immature and weakened immune systems including young children under age 5, adults older than age 65, elderly in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities, and chronic illnesses, such as asthma, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes are not only associated with the risk of influenza but also increase the risk of influenza deadly complications.

Pregnant women and women up to two weeks postpartum due to changes in the immune system are more prone to influenza and influenza complications.

The most common H and N subtypes are influenza A which has been mutated to affect the combination of human, swine, and bird flu viruses, including
* H1N1 - Swine Flu
H1N1 normally is only transmitted among pigs. However, as of today, H1N1 has become the first flu pandemic in the world that causes respiratory illness.

* H5N1 - Bird Flu
H5N1 is the strain of influenza known as a bird or avian flu. Before, it is transmitted between birds, but today, it can be passed from bird to human. The strain is dangerous to humans with high death rates.

The most common symptoms of influenza are high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, sneezing, and persistent fatigue.

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

In finding a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of influenza, researchers compared the effect of two preparations of bromeline ("Sigma Co., Catalogues' Nos. B2252 and B5144).s

According to the tested assay, in the influenza A(H1N1) virus, B5144 did not have any impact on it under similar experimental conditions.

Furthermore, B5144 also showed an incomplete effect on the influenza A(H3N2) virus with particles (with intact external coatings).


However, enzyme B2252 was effective for all viruses selected for testing, with the highest effect noted for influenza A(H1N1) and B viruses.

In other words, not all bromines are the same, some are more effective in the inhibition of viral influenza than others.

Taken together, preparations of bromelain generation from bromelain may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of influenza, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Generation of recombinant pandemic H1N1 influenza virus with the HA cleavable by bromelain and identification of the residues influencing HA bromelain cleavage by Wang W1, Suguitan AL Jr, Zengel J, Chen Z, Jin H. (PubMed)
(2) [The use of bromelain in obtaining the subviral particles of influenza A and B viruses].[Article in Russian] by Ivanova VT, Kordiukova LV, Manykin AA, Burtseva EI, Zagorskaia IuV, Oskerko TA, Slepushkin AN. (PubMed)

Herbal #Turmeric's #Curcumin Exert Stroke-Preventive Activity, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

A stroke is a medical condition caused by poor blood flow to the brain, leading to the death of the neurons.
Besides cancer and heart diseases, stroke is the third leading cause of death in the US. According to the statistics, approximately 1/4 of all stroke victims die as a direct result of the stroke or its complications.

The causes of stroke are either associated with plaque build-up on the arteries, leading to reduce blood flow to the brain, depending on the location of an obstruction or the breaking of small blood vessels in the brain.

In other words, strokes can be classified into 2 types

* Ischemic stroke is caused by a clot or other blockage within an artery that leads to the brain.

* Hemorrhagic stroke caused by the vessel in the brain rupturing that results in blood leaking into the brain.

Stroke is caused by a number of factors. Epidemiological studies suggest high blood pressure, medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, smoking, age, gender ethnicity, and personal or family history of stroke are some of the prevalent risk factors.

Some researchers in the examination of the rise of stroke in North America suggested that stroke may be associated with the promotion of the Western diet over the past few decades.

The American Heart Association wrote, "Western" diets consisting of red and processed meats, refined grains, sweets, and desserts may be associated with a greater risk of stroke, according to a study published in this week's rapid access issue of Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association".

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

In finding a natural compound for the treatment of stroke prevention scientists evaluated the protective effects of curcumin, the best-known member and is mainly extracted from turmeric preventive effect on stroke.

The study included stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) randomly divided into either a control group (n = 10, saline or curcumin (100 mg/kg/day)) or curcumin group (n = 10) administrated daily.

According to the tested assays, administration of curcumin significantly delayed the onset of stroke and increased the survival of SHRsp by decreasing the expression of ROS and improving endothelial-dependent relaxation of carotid arteries.

However, according to the RT-PCR and immunoblotting, curcumin showed no statistical significance in the presence of UCP2 inhibitor genipin by blocking the decrease of ROS and increase of NO production.

Where genipin is a chemical compound found in gardenia fruit extract.

In other words, for curcumin to exert its stroke-preventive activity, curcumin cannot be consumed together with gardenia fruit.

Additionally, in the study to examine the curcumin effect during the stroke, researchers found that curcumin encapsulated in exosomes, nano-vesicles (<200 nm), shows therapeutic effects in brain diseases, such as stroke.

Taken together, turmeric processed with a high amount of bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention of stroke, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Curcumin prevents strokes in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats by improving vascular endothelial function by Lan C1,2, Chen X1,2,3, Zhang Y1,2, Wang W1,2, Wang WE1,2, Liu Y1,2, Cai Y1,2,4, Ren H1,2, Zheng S1,2, Zhou L5,6, Zeng C. (PubMed)
(2) Epigenetic impact of curcumin on stroke prevention by Kalani A1, Kamat PK, Kalani K, Tyagi N. (PubMed)
(3) Western' Diets May Be Linked To Greater Stroke Ris by the American Heart Association. (Science Daily)

Herbal Preparation (Ze185) Containing #Butterbur Exerts a Strong Anti-#SomatoformDisorder Activity, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a natural herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of Somatoform disorders with no side effects, according to studies.

Somatoform disorders are a group of psychiatric disorders that trigger unexplained physical symptoms.

Researchers do not the exact cause of the disorders. However, genetic preposition and family history are the 2 most common risk factors associated with the onset of the condition.

The most common symptoms include persistent pain or fatigue, emotional distress, and problems functioning.

The American Family Physician in the article Somatoform Disorders suggested up to 50 percent of primary care patients present with physical symptoms that cannot be explained by a general medical condition. Some of these patients meet the criteria for somatoform disorders.

Dr. Bener A, the lead scientist, in examining the gender effects on somatoform disorders in a sample size of 1689 patients, including 892 men and 797 women suggested
* The prevalence rate of somatoform disorders among the total screened sample was 23.9%.

* Housewives (43.5%) and men in administrative posts (37.9%) reported higher somatic symptoms compared to other professions.

* Prolonged depressive reaction was significantly higher in women compared to men.

* There was a significant gender difference in certain psychiatric diagnostic categories such as depressive episode, recurrent depressive disorder, dysthymia, and brief depressive reaction.

* Backache was the most commonly reported symptom in men, whereas a headache was more common in women.

These results clearly suggested being female is a risk factor for Somatoform disorders and symptoms of Somatoform disorders. Somatoform disorders affect the different aspects of the patient depending on gender.

Women with Somatoform disorders are more likely to experience psychological symptoms compared to males.

Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetland, riverside, forest, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Northern Hemisphere.

The herbal medicine has been used in herbal medicine used as a pain reliever in the digestive system, including stomach, bile ducts, and duodenum, etc.

The chemical constituents of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene and pethybrene, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin, and iso-S-petasin, etc.

To find a natural formula for the treatment of Somatoform disorder with no side effects, researchers at the University Hospital Zurich examined the effects of a mixed herbal drug combination with and without butterbur (Ze 185) on patients with somatoform disorders.

In a total of 182 patients randomized for a 3-arm trial (butterbur root, valerian root, passionflower herb, lemon balm leaf versus valerian root, passionflower herb, lemon balm leaf versus placebo) compared to a fixed herbal drug combination (Ze 185 = 4-combination versus 3-combination without butterbur and placebo) in patients with somatoform disorders in a 2-week treatment in patients with somatization disorder (F45.0) and undifferentiated somatoform disorder (F45.1), researchers discovered the 4-combination was significantly superior to the 3-combination and placebo (4-combination > 3-combination > placebo) in all the primary and secondary parameters (PP-population).

The levels of anxiety and depression, according to the Anxiety (visual analog scale - VAS) and depression (Beck's Depression Inventory - BDI) are also decreased more in 4 combinations compared to others.

According to the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating scales, 4 combinations also showed reduced symptom severity and improved treatment response compared to 3 combinations.

The results are further reconfirmed by the ITT population analysis.

Where (ITT) analysis is a treatment in which patients enrolled and randomly allocated to treatment are included in the analysis and are analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized.

All tested subjects expressed no serious adverse effects during the course of experiments.

These results suggested that herbal preparation (Ze185) may be an efficacious and safe short-term treatment in patients with somatoform disorders.

Taken together, herbal Butterbur used alone or combined with other herbal medicine may be considered a functional herbal for prevention and combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of Somatoform disorder with no serious side effects,

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Fixed herbal drug combination with and without butterbur (Ze 185) for the treatment of patients with somatoform disorders: randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-clinical trial by Melzer J, Schrader E, Brattström A, Schellenberg R, Saller R.(PubMed)

#Bromelain Processes Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Paranasal Sinus Pathologies, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a condition associated with the inflammation of the sinuses and nasal cavity.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the sinuses and nasal cavity that lasts more than 12 weeks.

According to statistics, the prevalence of CRS in Korea, Europe, and the US is approximately 7%, 10%, and 12%, respectively.

The exact causes of CRS are not identified. However, some researches suggested that infection that does not heal itself due to the inability of the immune system to destroy all the infectious pathogens in the acute phase of infection may play a critical role to the onset of the condition.

Symptoms of CRS are totally depending on the state of severity. Some patients may experience symptoms of facial pressure or pain, post-nasal drainage, nasal blockage, anosmia or hyposmia, or fatigue.

Conventionally, medications used for the treatment of CRS focus on reducing symptoms and improved quality of life, inclduing prescribed antibiotics in case of bacterial infection.

If all medicines fail, surgery may be necessary.

Out of many risk factors associated with the onset of CRS, some researchers suggested that cigarette smoking may have a strong and negative impact on the syndrome.

Dr. Douglas D. Reh, the lead scientist wrote, " Environmental factors such as inhaled pollutants like cigarette smoke may play a significant role in diseases of the upper airway including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)".

And, "There is clear evidence in the literature that cigarette smoke, either through active smoking or passive exposure to SHS, contributes to CRS".

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

To discover a potential ingredient for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, researchers investigated the penetration of bromelain into sinonasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), compared to the control group.


40 participants with CRS were divided into 2 groups treated equally by bromelain derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus) or control.

Bromelain 500 mg tablet twice daily administered for 30 days in the treatment group displayed a significant effect in reduced inflammation in patients with CRS compared to control.

In other words, bromelain has an excellent distribution from blood to rhinosinusal mucosa in the exhibition anti-inflammatory activity.


Based on the findings, researchers said, "Its (bromelain) diffusion ability may allow the use of bromelain as an anti-inflammatory agent in paranasal sinus pathologies".

In a pilot study, researchers evaluated the efficacy, tolerability, and impact on the quality of life (QoL) of bromelain tablets (500 FIP) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

According to the results from 12 patients suffering from CRS with (CRS+NP) or without (CRS-NP) nasal polyps which had undergone prior sinus surgery, treatment with bromelain tablets (500 FIP) for 3 months, exerted a strong effect in symptom scores (Total Symptom Scores: TSS); a Total Rhinoscopy Score (TRS) and the Sinonasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20 GAV) with no side effects.

Dr. Büttner L, the lead scientist wrote in the final report, "Preliminary results indicate good tolerability, symptom control, and improvement in QoL for the treatment of CRS using bromelain tablets (500 FIP)".

Taken altogether, bromelain may be considered a supplement for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Bromelain's penetration into the blood and sinonasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis by Passali D1, Passali GC2, Bellussi LM1, Sarafoleanu C3, Loglisci M1, Manea C3, Iosif C4, Passali FM. (PubMed)
(2) Efficacy and tolerability of bromelain in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis--a pilot study by Büttner L1, Achilles N, Böhm M, Shah-Hosseini K, Mösges R. (PubMed)
(3) Impact of Tobacco Smoke on Chronic Rhinosinusitis – A Review of the Literature by Douglas D. Reh, MD,1 Thomas S. Higgins, MD,1 and Timothy L. Smith, MD, MPH. (PMC)

#Herbal #Bilberry Extract and Its #Anthocyanoside Protects the Retinal Ganglion Cells Against Damage, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron in the innermost cellular layer of the retina of the eye. The neurons receive visual information and pass them to the brain.
Believe it or not, the neurons also extract different aspects of the image before passing them to the brain.

According to the biological information from an animal model, retinal ganglion cells are distributed evenly across the retina, with the density ranging from ∼3000 cells per mm2 to ∼600 cells per mm2 depending on the areas of distribution.


Certain neurodegenerative diseases have been found to induce the gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells. Alzheimer's' disease and disease associated with multiple system atrophy the loss of retinal ganglion cells showed a pattern resembling glaucoma.


However, in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease, the loss of RGCs are found to resemble that of mitochondrial optic neuropathies.


Any structural damage of the retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head, or functional damage can affect the RGC integrity.

Symptoms of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss depend on the level of damage to the retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head in the retina. Symptoms can be severe eye pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting, visual disturbance, and blurred vision in patients with glaucoma.

Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.

The plant berry has been used as herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, psoriasis, diabetes, etc.

In the urgency of finding a plant-based compound for the treatment of retinal damage, researchers evaluated the protective effects of a Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) anthocyanoside (VMA) and/or its main anthocyanidin constituents (cyanidin, delphinidin, and malvidin) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) against damage.

In vitro, retinal ganglion cells damage induced by free radical activation by injection of 3-(4-morpholinyl) sydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1, a peroxynitrite donor) and in vivo, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced retinal damage in mice, researchers showed that VMA and all three anthocyanidins significantly inhibited SIN-1-induced neurotoxicity and radical activation in RGC-5 associated with the initiation of damage of the retinal ganglion cells.


Lipid peroxidation in mouse forebrain homogenates involved the retinal damage was also reduced by all tested compounds in a concentration and dose-dependent manner.
Furthermore, intravitreous injected VMA significantly inhibited the NMDA-induced morphological retinal damage and an increase in apoptosis of DNA fragments in the ganglion cell layer.

Based on the findings, researchers suggested that bioactive compounds isolated bilberry process neuroprotective effects through antioxidative properties in vitro and in vivo models of retinal diseases.

In order to obtain more information about bilberry's protective property against damage of retinal ganglion cells, scientists analyzed the bilberry extract anthocyanins on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve crush.

C57BL/6J mice selected for the study were administrated orally with anthocyanins in bilberry extract (100 mg/kg/day or 500 mg/kg/day).

According to the tested assays, all doses of anthocyanins in bilberry extract exhibited increased significantly levels of Grp78 and Grp94 associated with endoplasmic reticulum integrity and stress-induced autophagy in mice detected in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of the retina, surrounding the RGCs.

Gene expression of Chop, Bax, and Atf4 increased associated with cellular stress, and the mediation of apoptosis in mice after optic nerve crush was also decreased significantly after oral bilberry extract administration.

In other words, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival was increased substantially after injecting anthocyanins in bilberry extract.


Dr. Nakamura O, the lead scientist after taking into account co and confounders wrote, "Bilberry extract has a potential role in neuroprotective treatments for retinal injuries, such as those which occur in glaucoma".

Taken together, bilberry-processed abundantly bioactive compound anthocyanin may be considered a functional remedy for the protection of retinal damage against retinal diseases, particularly in retinal degeneration, pending the validation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Bilberry extract administration prevents retinal ganglion cell death in mice via the regulation of chaperone molecules under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress by Nakamura O1, Moritoh S1,2, Sato K1,3, Maekawa S1, Murayama N1, Himori N1, Omodaka K1,3, Sogon T4, Nakazawa T. (PubMed)
(2) Bilberry and its main constituents have neuroprotective effects against retinalneuronal damage in vitro and in vivo by Matsunaga N1, Imai S, Inokuchi Y, Shimazawa M, Yokota S, Araki Y, Hara H.(PubMed)