#Cranberry Flavonoids Exert Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Free radicals are highly reactive atoms associated with an unpaired electron in the outermost ring produced internally by our body cell metabolism and externally by environmental factors, including the air that we breathe and the food we eat.

In other words, any chemical compounds or molecules that process oxygen atoms can be free radicals after chemical interaction.


Believe it or not, free radical in moderate amounts is important for our body functions such as NO cardio-vessel relaxation. However, in high levels, free radicals have been found epidemiologically to damage the lipids, and proteins and induce the alternation of healthy cell DNA.

Out of all the damages caused by overexpression of free radicals, some researchers suggested that lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals has a strong implication in the pathogenesis of various disorders and diseases, including free radical-mediated chain reaction, enzyme-mediated oxidation, and nonradical, non-enzymatic oxidation.


This chain of reaction can not be stopped until the electrons on the outermost ring of free radicals are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

Free radical scavengers are antioxidants that process a specific function to prevent the forming of free radicals by removing them before they can damage vital components of the cell.

Dr. Slemmer JE, the lead scientist in the examination of free radical scavengers for the treatment of stroke wrote, "The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a common underlying mechanism of many neuropathologies, as they have been shown to damage various cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA".

And "several acute and chronic pharmacological therapies that have been extensively studied to reduce ROS/RNS loads in cells and the subsequent oxidative stress, so-called "free-radical scavengers".

These results strongly suggested that antioxidants with free radical scavenging activity protect the body against the damage of various cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA alternation in the initiation of diseases.


Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

In finding a potential compound for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers examined the cranberry antioxidative and protective effects of cranberry flavonoids in free radical-generating systems on mitochondrial ultrastructure.

In radical-generating systems, cranberry flavonoids effectively inhibit the generation of free radical nitric oxide (IC50  = 4.4 ± 0.4 µg/ml), superoxide anion radicals (IC50  = 2.8 ± 0.3 µg/ml) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50  = 53 ± 4 µg/ml).


1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) were scavenged at the concentration of 2.2 ± 0.3 µg/ml with the IC50.

Furthermore, cranberry flavonoids exerted antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity against lipid peroxidation in liposomal membranes and glutathione oxidation in erythrocytes induced by UV irradiation or organic hydroperoxides.

Moreover, the phytochemical compound also decreased the rigidity of the outer leaflet of the liposomal membranes.

In the liver, cranberry flavonoids also displayed hepatoprotective potential by preventing rat liver mitochondrial damage.

Collectively, researchers said, "The mitochondria-addressed effects of flavonoids might be related both to radical-scavenging properties and modulation of various mitochondrial events".

Taken together, cranberry may be considered a free radical scavenging remedy, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cranberry flavonoids prevent toxic rat liver mitochondrial damage in vivo and scavenge free radicals in vitro by Lapshina EA1, Zamaraeva M2, Cheshchevik VT1, Olchowik-Grabarek E2, Sekowski S2, Zukowska I2, Golovach NG1, Burd VN1, Zavodnik IB. (PubMed)
(2) The natural food colorant Peonidin from cranberries as a potential radicalscavenger - A DFT based mechanistic analysis by Rajan VK1, Hasna CK1, Muraleedharan K2. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Bilberry and #Cranberry #Extract and Theirs #Anthocyanidins Inhibit the Onset of Oral Candida Biofilms, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Candida is a class of yeasts that cause fungal infections worldwide.
Candida albicans is a member of a large group of an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast and mold that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract.

Under normal circumstances, Candida albicans do not cause harmful effects, but overgrowth results in candidiasis.

Oral candidiasis is an oral condition infected by the fungal C. albicans found mostly in people with a weakened immune system including patients who are taking the immune-suppressive medicine.

Biofilms are microbial communities in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.

Symptoms of oral Candida overgrowth include worse in the damp day, persistent drowsiness, lack of coordination, headaches, mood swings, loss of balance, rashes, bad breath, dry mouth, and postnasal drip.

If you experience some of the aforementioned symptoms, please make sure you check with your doctor for early treatment.

There are many risk factors associated with Candida overgrowth including medical conditions that cause a weakened immune system, inhalant medicine, low levels of stomach acids, and pregnancy.

Some researchers suggested aging may be one of the major risk factors that cause Candida overgrowth

Dr. Aikaterini Flevari, the lead scientist said, "Candida species remain the most important cause of opportunistic infections worldwide, affecting predominantly patients over 65 years old, while they are considered to be the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections".

And, "The rapidly growing elderly population has specific physiological characteristics, which makes it susceptible to colonization and subsequent infection due to Candida species".

Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.

The plant berry has been used as herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, and psoriasis, diabetes, etc.

In finding a potential herbal medicine against oral Candida biofilms., researchers examined the efficacy of cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) and two other red fruits (Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Malpighia punicifolia L.) on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata yeasts.

According to the low concentration added to the culture medium, the combined extract displayed significant anti-adhesion activity against Candida spp.

Furthermore, the pretreatment of surfaces with the extract also exerted a strong anti-adhesion activity mainly against C. glabrata yeasts and antibiofilm activity against C. albicans.


These results suggested that the extract's inhibitory activity was dependent on concentration, species, and strain.

Moreover, observing the activity of three subfractions enriched in pro-anthocyanidins, researchers found that the components showed an anti-adhesion activity at low concentrations.

In other words, crude extracts of cranberry and Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Malpighia punicifolia L.) and their fractions process potential in the prevention of biofilms of C. glabrata.

Taken together, bilberry-processed abundantly bioactive compound anthocyanidins may be considered a functioning remedy against oral Candida biofilms, pending the validation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Promising results of cranberry in the prevention of oral Candida biofilms by Girardot M1, Guerineau A, Boudesocque L, Costa D, Bazinet L, Enguehard-Gueiffier C, Imbert C. (PubMed)

#Bromelain (BR) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) Inhibit #GastrointestinalCancer with Less Topxicity, According to Researchers

Kyle J. Norton

Gastrointestinal cancer is a medical and chronic condition caused by the alternation of cell DNA in the gastrointestinal tract including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
Most cases of gastrointestinal cancer begin in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the gastrointestinal tissue, before penetrating into the deeper layers.

The most common gastrointestinal cancer is gastric cancer, which is the fourth most commonly occurring cancer in men and the seventh most commonly occurring cancer in women.

According to worldwide statistics, over 1 million new cases were diagnosed in 2018 with the South Korean leading the map, second to Mongolia.


In other words, if you are Asain, you are at an increased risk of gastric cancer.

At the advanced stage, the cancer cells of the affected tissues can travel a distance away to infect the other tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

Epidemiologically, primary gastrointestinal cancer is more likely to spread to the stomach, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and ovarian cancer.

The most common symptoms of gastrointestinal cancer include
* Throw up blood with the color of coffee grounds. if the bleeding cancer is located in the esophagus or stomach
* Black stool if the bleeding cancer is located in the stomach and small intestine.

* Stool red with visible blood if the bleeding cancer is located in the large intestines.

Persistent bleeding to anemia due to a large amount of blood loss.

If you have some of the aforementioned symptoms that do heal in a short period of time, you may have gastrointestinal cancer. Please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

If the bleeding is slow, it often doesn’t cause the person to throw up blood or have a change in their stool. Over time, though, slow bleeding can lead to a low red blood cell count, and make a person feel tired and weak.

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, and muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

To find a natural ingredient against gastrointestinal cancer, researchers examined the effects of bromelain and N-acetylcysteine, the two natural agents' anti-cancer effects.

In gastrointestinal cancer models to cisplatin, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and vincristine, a combination of bromelain and N-acetylcysteine with chemotherapeutic agents could give rise to an improved chemotherapeutic index.

In other words, chemo drugs used combined with bromelain and N-acetylcysteine are more effective in the inhibition of gastrointestinal cancer with lesser toxicity.

Furthermore, combined with bromelain and N-acetylcysteine also reduced the doses of chemo drugs used with the same efficacy.


Based on the findings, researchers said, "This represents a potentially efficacious strategy for the enhancement of microscopic cytoreduction".

Moreover, in the examination of the effects of bromelain (BR) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on MUC2 and MUC5AC which have been found to significantly contribute to the biology and pathogenesis of mucin-secreting gastrointestinal tumors, researchers found that in vitro (MKN45, KATOIII and LS174T cell lines) and in vivo (female nude mice bearing intraperitoneal MKN45 and LS174T), a combination of BR and NAC with dual effects on growth and mucin products of mucin-expressing tumor cells.

More precisely, the treatment of the combination of BR and NAC protected the gastric cells against malignancies with the involvement of mucin pathology.

Taken altogether, bromelain may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Intake of bromelain in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Potentiation of chemotherapeutics by bromelain and N-acetylcysteine: sequential and combination therapy of gastrointestinal cancer cells by Amini A1, Masoumi-Moghaddam S1, Ehteda A1, Liauw W2, Morris DL. (PubMed)
(2) Depletion of mucin in mucin-producing human gastrointestinal carcinoma: Results from in vitro and in vivo studies with bromelain and N-acetylcysteine by Amini A1, Masoumi-Moghaddam S1, Ehteda A1, Liauw W2, Morris DL. (PubMed)

#Herbal #ChasteTreeBerry Exerts a Strong Osteoporosis Protection, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Chaste tree berry is found to be processability in reduced of MALE osteopenia turnover, the early sign of osteoporosis, a renowned institution study reported.
Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, used in herbal medicine for thousands of years as an aphrodisiac herb and considered a Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.

Osteoporosis is a condition of thinning of bone and bone tissues as a result of the loss of bone density over a long period.

In a total of 60, 3-month-old male rats orchidectomized and divided into five groups with each group either receiving soy-free food (C), estradiol (E), testosterone (T) or Vitex agnus castus in different concentrations (AC high/AC low) for 12 weeks, rats treated with Vitex agnus castus at highest dose displayed a recover of 88.4% of trabecular bone area, 80.7% of trabecular number and 66.9% of the number of trabecular nodes compared with other administrations.


The study also found out that Vitex agnus castus is more protective in treating osteoporosis in the male population, compared to female counterparts.

Dr. Sehmisch S, the lead author said, " Vitex agnus castus demonstrated osteoprotective effects in males. It preserves the cortical as well as the trabecular bone and might be a safe alternative for HRT".

Furthermore, In the study to compare a group of animals (n = 8) treated subcutaneously (s.c.) with 60 mg/kg of Vac essential oil once a day for 3 weeks and control animals (n = 8) received sterile olive oil s.c. by the same schedule, Vitex agnus-castus L. (Vac) essential oil-treated group also exerted a significant bone metabolism in 16-month-old male Wistar rats.

The osteoporosis protection can be observed through the lower Serum osteocalcin (OC) and calcium (Ca2+) in Vitex agnus-castus L. (Vac) essential oil and decreased bone turnover treated group in compared control in middle-aged male rats.


Taken together, Chaste tree berry showed strong support in the reduced early onset of osteoporosis of male gander through improved bone metabolism and calcium status, but further large size and centers studies are necessary to validate this potency.


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) Vitex agnus castus as prophylaxis for osteopenia after orchidectomy in rats compared with estradiol and testosterone supplementation by Sehmisch S1, Boeckhoff J, Wille J, Seidlova-Wuttke D, Rack T, Tezval M, Wuttke W, Stuermer KM, Stuermer EK. (PubMed)
(2) Vitex agnus-castus essential oil affects thyroid C cells and bone metabolism in middle-aged male rats (Researchgate)

#Herbal #CrampBark Increases the Rate of Stone Expulsion, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

The kidneys formed part of the secretary system are two bean-shaped organs located against the back muscles in the upper abdominal area.
The kidneys play a critical role in filtering wastes from the breakdown of active muscle and the food you eat and removing extra water from the blood through urinary secretion.

Furthermore, the kidneys also maintain the fluid in the body by secreting extra water through urinary secretion.

Kidney stones are composed of mineral salts formed in the kidneys. Men account for 80% kidney stones incidence and are at risk of forming between 30 and 40 years of age. About 75% of kidney stones are calcium stones.

According to statistics, kidney stones affect over 10% of the world's population.

The causes of kidney stones are debatable. However, some researchers suggested that dehydration, food restriction, Rotavirus infection, over intake of calcium and supplements,... and high fat intake are associated with an increased risk of forming kidney stones.

Ureteral stones are kidney stones that are stuck in one or both ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), leading to the obstruction of the urinary secretion.


Most people with kidney stones are asymptomatic. However, some may experience symptoms of renal colic, an excruciating intermittent pain, usually in the flank (the area between the ribs and hip), that spreads across the abdomen, often to the genital area and inner thigh.


The pain tends to come in waves, gradually increasing to peak intensity, then fading, over about 20 to 60 minutes. The pain may radiate down the abdomen toward the groin testis or vulva.

Other symptoms include nausea and vomiting, restlessness, sweating, and blood in the urine. A person may have an urge to urinate frequently, particularly as the stone passes down the ureter. Chills, fever, and abdominal distention.

Cramp Bark is an ornamental plant, genus Viburnum, belonging to the family Adoxaceae, native to Europe and Asia. T herbal medicine has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, nervine. hypotensive agent and to treat menstrual cramps and pain, afterbirth, postpartum pains, excessive blood loss in periods, bleeding associated with menopause, etc.


In finding a potential herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones, researchers examined the efficacy of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) extract in the treatment of distal ureteral stones <10 mm.

The study included data of a total of 103 patients retrospectively analyzed. divided into two groups: those given V. opulus 1000 mg peroral 3×2 and diclofenac 50 mg peroral on-demand (n=53) and those given only diclofenac sodium 50 mg peroral on-demand (n=50).

According to the expulsion rate assay, group treated with V. opulus 1000 mg peroral 3×2 and diclofenac 50 mg peroral on-demand showed a rate of stone expulsion that is significantly higher of 82% compared to the diclofenac 50 mg peroral on-demand treatment group of 66%.

Furthermore, elapsed time to stone expulsion was significantly shorter in the V. opulus 1000 mg peroral 3×2 and diclofenac 50 mg peroral on-demand of 9±1.8, compared to another group of 14±2.3 days.

Most importantly, the V. opulus group showed no need for additional treatment (URS and ESWL), and analgesic was less required compared to the other group.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "V. opulus is an herbal treatment alternative that facilitates the passage of ureteral stones <10 mm. Prospective, randomized studies are needed to support these results".

Taken together, cramp bark(Viburnum opulus) may be considered a functional remedy for the treatment of ureteral stones, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The evaluation of the effectiveness of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) extract in the medical expulsive treatment of distal ureteral stones by Kızılay F1, Ülker V2, Çelik O2, Özdemir T1, Çakmak Ö2, Can E2, Nazlı O. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Butterbur's Total Bakkenolides Reduce Brain Infarct Volume and Neurological Deficits, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Butterbur may have a profound and strong effect on protecting the neuron integrity and validity against the onset of neuro diseases, some scientists suggested.
Neuroprotective effects are the activity that protects neurons of the brain and spinal cord.

A neurologic deficit is a condition of the brain, or spinal cord, leading to weaker muscles, nerves, or part of the body.

The causes of neurological deficit include genetic disorders, congenital abnormalities or disorders, infections, lifestyle or environmental health problems associated with malnutrition, and brain injury, spinal cord injury, or nerve injury.

People with a neurologic deficit may experience certain medical conditions and symptoms including partial or complete paralysis, loss of sensation, seizures, difficulty reading, writing and walking, and decreased alertness.

However, some researchers suggested the most serious symptoms are poor cognitive ability, depending on the parts of the brain or spinal cord which have been affected.

According to the statistic provided by the US government, more than 16 million people in the United States are living with cognitive impairment and disease with a tendency to increase at an alarming rate, particularly in the age group of 50 and over.

People with cognitive impairment, according to the report are more than three times as many hospital stays as individuals who are hospitalized for some other condition, causing a substantial burden to the US health care system.

Out of all neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias alone are estimated to be the third most expensive disease to treat in the United States.


The Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures 20106, wrote, “ The average Medicaid payment for a person aged 65 or older with Alzheimer’s or other dementias is nine times higher than that for other beneficiaries in the same age group.”

Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetlands, riversides, forests, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere.

The herbal medicine has been used in herbal medicine used as a pain reliever in the digestive system, including stomach, bile ducts, and duodenum, etc.

The chemical constituents of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene and pethybrene, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin and iso-S-petasin, etc.

The Second Military Medical University on finding a natural ingredient or whole food for the treatment of neurologic deficit examines the effect of the total bakkenolides, a bioactive compound isolated from the herbal Butterbur, in vitro cerebral ischemia model and oxygen-glucose deprivation of cultured nerve cells.

Oral administration of total bakkenolides showed a significant immediate effect after reperfusion at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg markedly reduced brain infarct volume and neurological deficits.

The chemical compound also was found to attenuate cell death and apoptosis in primary cultured neurons subject to 1-h hypoxia followed by 24-h reoxygenation.


The compound also protects the neurons by inhibiting the protein involved production of inflammatory cytokines through blocking the activation of the classical activation pathway due to the injury.

Further differentiation of the experiment, researchers discovered that total bakkenolides inhibit the activation of pathways associated with neuron apoptosis.

Dr. the lead scientists after taking into account of co and confounders said, "Our results provide a strong pharmacological basis for further understanding the potential therapeutic role of total bakkenolides in cerebral ischemic disease and shed new light on its neuroprotective mechanism".

Moreover, in the examine the neurologic deficit effects of 4 novel bakkenolides - bakkenolide-Ia ( 1), bakkenolide-IIa ( 2), bakkenolide-IIIa ( 3) and bakkenolide-IVa ( 4) isolated from the extract of the rhizome of Petasites tricholobus, researchers showed the compounds 1 - 4 exert a significantly neuroprotective activity in primary cultured neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and oxidative insults by enhancing the antioxidant activity.

According to the VITRO assay, all these compounds exhibited significant neuroprotective and antioxidant activities.

The findings strongly suggested total bakkenolides and their derivatives demonstrate neurologic deficits protective effects through blocking the mechanisms involved in neuron cell apoptosis through their antioxidant property.

Taken together, herbal Butterbur processed bioactive compounds such as bakkenolides may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of neurologic deficits.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Total Bakkenolides Protects Neurons against Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-Κb Activation by Jiang Q, Xia Yy EY, Jm HE, Guo Ml EY, Rp LI. (PubMed)
(2) Bakkenolides from Petasites tricholobus and their neuroprotective effects related to antioxidant activities by Wang YL, Li RP, Guo ML, Zhang G, Zhang N, Ma YL.(PubMed)
(3) Protection by petaslignolide A, a major neuroprotective compound in the butanol extract of Petasites japonicus leaves, against oxidative damage in the brains of mice challenged with kainic acid by Cui HS, Kim MR, Sok DE. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Comfrey Inhibits Symptoms of Painful Osteoarthritis of the Knee, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Osteoarthritis (OA) one of the most common forms of arthritis that affects over 25 25 million people in the United States, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints due to wear and tear over time.
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain, stiffness, or difficulty in moving the joint or joints. The pain usually gets worse in a change of weather, at night, and in advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest.

Conventionally, treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and surgical treatments.

The most common risk factors associated with the onset of OA include genetic predisposition, being overweight or obese, previous joint injury and repetitive movements, or injuries to joints (such as a fracture, surgery, or ligament tears).

the most common diseases associated with OA are
* Hypertension
According to the University Health Network Research Institute, the economic burden incurred by RA significantly exceeds that related to OA and HBP(76)(77).

* Cardiovascular disease
According to Erasmus University Medical Centre, there are associations of atherosclerosis with osteoarthritis of the knee and hand joints in women(72)(73)(78).

* Peripheral vascular disease
According to Himchan Hospital, patients with osteoarthritis are associated with a risk of asymptomatic peripheral vascular disease(80). The average vessel wall thickness of the popliteal artery was 1.09 mm in patients with generalized OA, and 0.96 mm in the matched normal reference population(79).

* Congestive heart failure
Hypertension, diabetes, and older age have been shown to increase the risk of Congestive heart failure modestly(81). Etoricoxib, an anti-inflammatory painkillers showed statistically significant inhibition at 90 mg in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis(82).

* Renal function impairment
According to the Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, pain pharmacotherapies such as osteoarthritis (OA) or mixed OA and rheumatoid arthritis may increase the risk of adverse events in patients with concurrent cardiovascular (CV) or renal disease(83). Median excretion of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in the OA patients as a whole was raised above values found in a healthy control population(84).

* Diabetes
Several epidemiological and experimental data support the hypothesis that diabetes could be an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA)(76)(85).

Comfrey is a perennial plant in the genus of Symphytum, belonging to the family Boraginaceae, native to Europe. It has been used in herbal and traditional medicine to ease excessive bleeding or on open wounds, relieve pain and swelling, treat circulation issues, reduce cholesterol, etc.


In finding a potential compound for the treatment of osteoarthritis, researchers investigated the effect of Kytta-Salbe f (3 x 2 g), a topical including comfrey over a 3-week period with patients suffering from painful osteoarthritis of the knee.

The randomized, double-blind, bi-center, placebo-controlled clinical trial including 220 patients was conducted by Merck Selbstmedikation GmbH.

In the course of the trial, the visual analog scale (VAS) total score (primary target value) in the verum group dropped by 51.6 mm (54.7%) and in the placebo group by 10.1 mm (10.7%).

The average difference between the groups of 41.5 mm (95% confidence interval=34.8 to 48.2 mm) or 44.0% is significant (p<0.001).

The WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) total score (secondary target value) also improved similarly to the VAS total score.

At the end of the trial, a reduction of 60.4 mm (58.0%) was recorded for the verum group and a reduction of 14.7 mm (14.1%) for the placebo group.

The average group difference of 45.7 mm (95% confidence interval=37.1 to 54.3 mm) or 43.9% is significant (p<0.001).

The difference between the treatment groups increased systematically and significantly, in parallel with the duration of the treatment.

Based on the results, researchers said, "the superiority of the treatment with Kytta-Salbe f over that with the placebo is proven, even through the multi-factorial multivariate analysis for repetitive measurements. In respect of the explorative secondary target values SF-36 (quality of life), angle measurement (mobility of the knee), CGI (clinical global impression), and global assessment of efficacy by the physician and the patient, a significant superiority (p<0.001 each) of the verum group over the placebo group was also proven".

Taken together, Comfrey combined with other herbal medicines may be considered for the treatment of a remedy for painful osteoarthritis, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Efficacy of a comfrey root (Symphyti offic. radix) extract ointment in the treatment of patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee: results of a double-blind, randomised, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial by Grube B1, Grünwald J, Krug L, Staiger C. (PubMed)
(2) The Research and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: The Diseases associated with osteoarthritis by Kyle J. Norton