#Herbal Bilberry Combined with Other Antioxidants Inhibit Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Researchers Find

Kyle J. Norton

Age-related macular degeneration is a medical condition that causes irreversible blurring of the central vision in people over age 60.
The elderly at the early stage of age-related macular degeneration are asymptomatic. However, some patients may experience symptoms of slightly blurred central vision. Most cases of the early stage of AMD were diagnosed during routine eye health examinations.

Over time, age-related macular degeneration may affect the vision including the reading as the blurred area increases in size.

Age-related macular degeneration has been found to induce irreversible blindness and visual impairment, according to epidemiological studies.

According to statistics, approximately 11 million people in the US have some form of age-related macular degeneration. The risk of getting advanced age-related macular degeneration increases from 2% for those ages 50-59 to nearly 30% for those over the age of 75.

Age-related macular degeneration can be classified into 2 types
* The common AMD is the dry form caused by the gradual degeneration of the central retinal tissues, affecting 90% of patients with AMD. Some patients with the dry form of AMD have been found to develop into the wet form over time.

* The wet form of AMD is caused by the breaking of the capillary under the macula, accounting for only 10% of AMD.

Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.

The plant berry has been used as herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, psoriasis, diabetes, etc.

In the urgency to find a natural compound for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration found in a large number of elderly, researchers evaluated the efficacy of a drug containing lutein 6 mg, zeaxanthin 0.5 mg, vitamin C 60 mg, vitamin E 7 mg, vitamin A 1.5 mg, vitamin B2 1.2 mg, rutin 25 mg, zinc 5 mg, Selenium 25 mcg, and bilberry extract 60 mg with Ginkgo biloba leaf extract 60 mg on the retina in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and those with combined fundus pathology (DR plus age-related macular degeneration (AMD))

The study included 180 patients (180 eyes) with type 2 diabetes divided into 6 groups of 30 each. DR was graded according to E. Kohner and M. Porta classification, AMD--AREDS classification.

group 1 consisted of patients with DRO,; group 2--DR1 without DM, group 3--DR1 with DM, group 4--DRO and "dry" AMD (AREDS 1-3), group 5--DR1 with no DM but with AMD (AREDS 1-3), and group 6--DR1 with DM and AMD (AREDS 1-3).

Treatment with antioxidant and radioprotective agents has been proven effective in type 2 diabetes patients with preclinical (DRO) and early (DR1) diabetic retinopathy and those with DR and "dry" AMD (AREDS 1-3) in terms of functional and morphological parameters of the retina.

However, a combined antioxidant and double-dose angioprotective (240 mg) therapy appeared to be the most effective compared to those of single treatment.

Furthermore, in the investigation of bilberry's flavonoids, the potent antioxidants, scavenge free radicals for the treatment of multiple age-related ocular disorders.


According to the results of from 1.5 to 3-month OXYS rats given control diets or those supplemented with 25% bilberry extract (BE, 20 mg on kg of body weight including 4.5 mg of anthocyanidin) or vitamin E (40 mg/kg) as a drag for comparison, 3 months BE treatment reversed the cataract and macular degeneration and completely prevented impairments in the lenses and retina, compared to no significant effects of vitamin E.

Furthermore, both BE and VE were found to decrease lipid peroxides in the retina and serum of OXYS rats.

Based on the findings, Dr. Fursova AZh, the lead scientist said, "The results suggest that the OXYS rat strain is the useful model for macular degeneration and senile cataract and long-term supplementation with BE is effective in the prevention of macular degeneration and cataract".


Taken together, bilberry-processed abundantly bioactive compound anthocyanoside may be considered a functioning remedy for the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration, pending to the validation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Beforethe  it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) [Results of the use of antioxidant and angioprotective agents in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration].[Article in Russian; Abstract available in Russian from the publisher] by Moshetova LK1, Vorob'eva IV1, Alekseev IB1, Mikhaleva LG. (PubMed)
(2) [Dietary supplementation with bilberry extract prevents macular degeneration and cataracts in senesce-accelerated OXYS rats].[Article in Russian] by Fursova AZh, Gesarevich OG, Gonchar AM, Trofimova NA, Kolosova NG. (PubMed)

#Cranberries Improve Overall Remembers Abilities and Cognitive Functioning, Scientists Find

Kyle J. Norton

Neuroprotection is a process to preserve the neuronal structure and/or function against the death or gradual death of neurons, including the use of medicines and herbs.
In other words, neuroprotection protects the neuronal integrity against the reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time inducing neurological disease, including neurodegenerative disease.
neurons
Neurodegenerative disease is the class of conditions associated with the progressive loss of neurons that occur mostly in older adults, including dementia. The most common dementia in the US is Alzheimer`s disease (AD).

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder caused by the slow loss of neuron in the brain that affects memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks as the disease progress into an advanced stage.

According to the statistics, dementia affects over 47.5 million people worldwide, and approximately 58 percent are living in low and middle-income countries.

Believe it or not, 5.8 million Americans of all ages are living with Alzheimer's dementia in 2019 and two-thirds of people with Alzheimer's disease are women.

Conventionally, as of today, there is no cure for dementia. Treatment of dementia focuses on improving dementia symptoms and slowing down the progression of the disease.

Some researchers suggested that the increased incidence of the onset of Alzheimer's disease over the past few decades may be correlated to the promotion of a high-fat diet in the US.

Dr. Rollins CPE, the lead scientist wrote, "HFD-induced obesity during adolescence exacerbated brain volume alterations by adult life in the 3xTg mouse model in comparison to control-fed mice and mediated volumetric alterations of select brain regions, such as the hippocampus".

And, "Further, HFD-induced obesity aggravated memory in all mice, lowering certain memory measures of B6129s control mice to the level of 3xTg mice maintained on a CD. Moreover, a decline in the volumetric trajectories of hippocampal regions for all mice was associated with the degree of spatial memory impairments on the MWM.".

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia.

Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of neurological disorders, researchers examined the efficacy of cranberry juice on the neuropsychologic functioning cognitively in older adults.

The 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial included 50 community-dwelling, cognitively intact volunteers, > or = 60 years old, with no history of dementia or significant neurocognitive impairments, randomly assigned to receive either 32 ounces/day of a beverage containing 27% cranberry juice per volume (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25).

According to the tested analysis at the end of the 6-week experiment, there are no significant interactions between the cranberry and placebo groups compared to the baseline in standardized neuropsychologic assessments.

However, the subjective, self-report questionnaire where twice as many participants in the cranberry group showed a significant improvement in overall remembers abilities compared to placebo controls.

More precisely, 37.5% in the cranberry group rated their overall abilities to remember by treatment end as "improved" compared to only 17.4% in the placebo controls.

Taken together, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the improvement of cognitive functioning, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the neuropsychologic efficacy of cranberry juice in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: pilot study findings by Crews WD Jr1, Harrison DW, Griffin ML, Addison K, Yount AM, Giovenco MA, Hazell J.(PubMed)

#Onion Improves Memory Performance, Reduces Brain Lipid Peroxidation, Inhibits #Anxiety and #Depression Induced by Stress, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Neurological disorders are a class of diseases of the nervous system caused by structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord, or nerves.
Neurodegenerative disease is a type of neurological disorder associated with the progressive loss of neurons in the brain caused by several mechanisms, including toxicity and oxygen deficiency.

Anxiety is a natural response to the stress involved in the feeling of fear of the event and event outcome.
Depression is a common and serious psychological condition associated with negative feeling, that affects the way of thinking and acting.

Besides neurodegenerative disease, the most common types of neurological disorders are
epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and migraines.

According to statistics provided by the Psychological Guide, neurological disorders affect millions of people around the world, including 326 million who suffer migraines.

There is no single cause of the neurological disorder. Some researchers suggested that unhealthy lifestyles, genetic preposition, nutrients, infection, and physical injury are some of the most prevalent factors found in most patients.

If you have experienced symptoms of seizures, difficulty reading, and writing, poor cognitive abilities, unexplained pain, muscle weakness, decreased alertness, mood swings, depression, and delusions, you may have some form of neurological disorder. Please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility

The onion is a plant in the genus Allium, belonging to the family Alliaceae, closely related to garlic. It is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures.


Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild or sweet.

In finding a potential compound for the prevention of stress-induced psychological syndromes researchers examined the effects of onion (AC) on single immobilization stress-induced biochemical and behavioral changes.

The experiment included mice in the test group who were treated with AC powder (200 mg/kg/day), dissolved in water, while the control group received drinking water for 14 days.
AC-treated
According to the results after 14 days of treatment the control and AC treated mice were further divided into unstressed and stressed groups,* Administration of AC showed significant activity in attenuating the immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficit.

* AC also improved the memory performance observed in stressed mice in the maze test (EPM).


* AC pretreatment group also demonstrated a strong reduction of brain lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels.

In other words, the injection of AC inhibited the brain oxidative stress in the tested mice by promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes in the host.

Based on the findings, researchers suggested, "a role of antioxidant enzymes in the attenuation of 2-h stress-induced anxiety and depression, and enhanced cognitive function as well by AC".

More precisely, AC protected the brain neurons' integrity and viability against the parameters induced by stress.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Administration of Allium cepa L. bulb attenuates stress-produced anxiety and depression and improves memory in male mice by Samad N1, Saleem A. (PubMed)

#Bromelain, Inhibits Proliferation and Carcinogenesis and Induced Apoptosis in Skin Cancer Cells, Researchers Find

Kyle J. Norton

Skin cancer is a medical condition caused by irregular cell growth in the skin due to the alternation of cell DNA.
Skin cancer is one most common types of cancer in the US. According to the statistics provided by the CDC, skin cancer affects 1 in 5 Americans, and non-epithelial skin cancers represent 7% of skin cancers tracked by central cancer registries.

In 2012, more than 5.4 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer were diagnosed worldwide compared to only 3.3 million cases in the U.S.

The 5-year relative survival rate of basal cell carcinoma(BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is 95%.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is one of the most common forms of squamous cell skin cancer developed in the middle and outer layer of the skin.

Although there are a number of conditions that can cause squamous cell skin cancer. However, in the US, most squamous cell carcinomas of the skin are associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either from sunlight or from tanning beds.

Dr. Faurschou A, the lead scientist said in vivo, "(although) the amount of UVB penetrating the epidermis and reaching the bulge cells is very low, which questions if these cells suffer sufficient DNA damage to transform into cancer stem cells".

And, "UV-induced SCC of mice originates from cells of the hair follicle, presumably the bulge stem cells, indicating that ultraviolet radiation penetrates epidermis sufficiently to cause irreversible DNA damage in cells located beneath the epidermis".


The most common symptoms of squamous cell skin cancer include firm, red nodules, a flat sore with a scaly crust, a rough, scaly patch on your lip, and a red sore or rough patch inside the mouth.

If you have experienced some skin symptoms that can not be healed in a short period of time, you may have squamous cell skin cancer. Please make sure that you check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

Depending on the size of the skin tumor, the small size of the localized tumor can be completely removed with relatively minor surgery or occasionally with a topical medication.

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

With an aim to find a potential compound for the treatment of squamous cell cancer, researchers examined the bromelain, obtained from pineapple, anti-cancer effects in vitro, against human epidermoid carcinoma-A431.

In vitro, the administration of bromelain exhibited a reduction in the proliferation of both these cell lines and suppressed their potential for anchorage-independent growth, a hallmark of carcinogenesis.

Injection of bromelain also suppressed the proteins associated with the production of a proinflammatory cascade closely allied to cancer development.


Additionally, bromelain inhibited the proliferation of cells by inducing the depletion of intracellular glutathione and generation of reactive-oxygen-species followed by induced cell death by mitochondrial membrane depolarization.

Furthermore, bromelain-induced cell death through the expression of proteins associated with cell death programming and pro-apoptosis was observed by cell cycle arrest.

In other words, bromelain protects the integrity and viability of the squamous cell against the alternation of cell DNA against the onset of cancer.


Based on the findings, researchers said, "Bromelain afforded substantial anti-cancer potential in these settings; hence we suggest it as a potential prospect for anti-cancer agent besides only an additive in chemotherapy".

Taken altogether, bromelain may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of squamous cell skin cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Bromelain inhibits nuclear factor kappa-B translocation, driving human epidermoid carcinoma A431 and melanoma A375 cells through G(2)/M arrest to apoptosis by Bhui K1, Tyagi S, Srivastava AK, Singh M, Roy P, Singh R, Shukla Y. (PubMed)
(2) Characterization of the placental alkaline phosphatase-like (Nagao) isozyme on the surface of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells by Jemmerson R, Shah N, Takeya M, Fishman WH. (PubMed)
(3) Squamous cell carcinoma induced by ultraviolet radiation originates from cells of the hair follicle in mice by Faurschou A1, Haedersdal M, Poulsen T, Wulf HC. (PubMed)

#Cinnamon Reduces the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases #CVD by Inhibiting the Clusters of MetabolicSyndrome, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

A recent study suggested that cinnamon expressed a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases through its antioxidant, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
Heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans every day. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease.

Anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease. Here are some early indications of heart disease symptoms:


Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of a tree, native to South East Asia, of over 300 species of the genus Cinnamomum, belonging to the familyLauraceae, used in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-fungal and bacterial levels to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.

The joint study led by the North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, also suggested the use of cinnamon for the prevention and treatment of CVD, probably due to its activities in inhibition of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the leading cause of heart diseases.


In support of the above suggestion, some recent studies reaffirm the importance of cinnamon as a spice and maybe a natural remedy to treat cardiovascular diseases.

Furthermore, the intake of cinnamon powder also exerted a beneficial effect on glycaemic control in animals and human models, affecting the progression of metabolic alterations in the early stage of cardiovascular events.

Dr. Deng said, "The hypoglycemic effects of cinnamon and .... was demonstrated in most of the trials with some exceptions" and " Future studies with more defined participants, standardized preparation and dose, and improved trial design and size are warranted".

Taken together, cinnamon may be beneficial for the prevention, management, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but the quantity used of cinnamon should only be prescribed by herbalists in the prevention of toxicity.


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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) The importance of selected spices in cardiovascular diseases by Kulczyński B1, Gramza-Michałowska A1.(PubMed)
(2) Cinnamon effects on metabolic syndrome: a review based on its mechanisms by Mollazadeh H1, Hosseinzadeh H2.(PubMed)
(3) Cinnamon from the selection of traditional applications to its novel effects on the inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer cells and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, and a series of functions such as antioxidant, anticholesterol, antidiabetes, antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal, acaracidal, and repellent activities by Hamidpour R1, Hamidpour M2, Hamidpour S1, Shahlari M1.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of Cinnamon Tea on Postprandial Glucose Concentration by Bernardo MA1, Silva ML1, Santos E1, Moncada MM1, Brito J1, Proença L1, Singh J2, de Mesquita MF1.(PubMed)

#Fennel #Extract Inhibits Neuron Damages Against The Risk of Cognitive Impairment, Scientists Show

Kyle J. Norton

Fennel may process a sustainable and therapeutic effect in enhancing cognitive functions, some scientists suggested.
Cognitive function is a mental process of the brain, with an aim to acquire knowledge by accumulating information through reasoning, memory, attention, and language, regardless of circumstances.

On the other hand, cognitive impairment, depending on the severity is a condition in which the infected person has trouble remembering, learning new things, concentrating, or making decisions that affect the quality of their everyday life.

In the elderly, most cases of cognitive impairment are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and long-term use of medication, including Alzheimer's;s disease.


However, malnutrition, hormone imbalance such as thyroid hormone, mental illness, and substance abuse, particularly, in brain damage or injury are some of the major and prevalent risk factors that can cause the early onset of cognitive impairment.


Some researchers suggested that for people who have metabolic syndrome (abnormally high blood pressure, high blood sugar, obesity, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels), mental illness, and previously disturbed state of mind due to fever, intoxication is also at a higher risk of the condition develops.

Dr. Fernando Gómez-Pinilla, in the study of the effects of nutrients on brain function, wrote. "diets that are high in saturated fat are becoming notorious for reducing molecular substrates that support cognitive processing and increasing the risk of neurological dysfunction in both humans and animals"

And, Dr. Alan J. Gow, the lead scientist, in the study of the effects of lifestyle on cognitive impairment, said, " Lifestyle factors, particularly those which are malleable across the life course, may be highly informative for the development of interventions to reduce or delay age-related cognitive decline".


These explanations strongly agreed that following a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables and less saturated and trans fat, processed meat, refined products,...... salt, and sugar, and a lifestyle with moderate exercise may have a significant effect in protecting the brain neurons against the onset of cognitive impairment.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of the genus, belonging to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean.

The herb has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as a warming, carminative, antispasmodic, and antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, regulate the menstrual cycle, and relieve PMS,...
.
Anethole, the main fragrance and bioactive compound of fennel, in the study of 20 other plant species was found to process nootropic activity in protecting the degeneration of the neurons, including diseases associated with a decline in cognitive abilities such as Alzheimer's disease through its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective expression.

In the inflammatory expression, the application of anethole exerted a significant effect in mediated NF-kB in the systematic inflammatory response induced by transcription of proinflammatory genes and TNF-α signaling in the production of inflammatory factors in the acute phase of infection.


The initiation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine in the case of acute infection is a natural defense of the immune response to protect the injured tissue against the invasion of bacteria and viruses. However, overexpression of inflammatory factors may also catalyze tissue damage and cause neuron cell death.

From an oxidative perspective, the application of anethole in the tested model also demonstrated a strong effect in inhibiting reactive oxygen species ROS which causes cytotoxicity to neurons through its antioxidant and stimulated the production of the host antioxidant defense.

Injection of anethole also rebalanced the ratio of levels of free radicals and antioxidants, thus reducing the risk in the initiated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the precipitation of the death of the brain cell that controls memory or other cognitive functions.

Furthermore, in the evaluated fennel effect in Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a decline in cognitive abilities, researchers found that fennel intake exerts a strong neuroprotective effect in protecting against progressive degeneration.

The methanol extract of the whole plant of F. vulgare administered for eight successive days ameliorated the deficit of memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma induced by scopolamine and aging-induced memory deficits in mice.


In acetylcholinesterase AChE-induced neurotoxicity in mice, the application of extract also increased step-down latency and reserved the neuron damage caused by acetylcholinesterase AChE toxicity.

Dr. Preksha Dwivedi, the lead author, after taking into account other co and confounders said, "Foeniculum vulgare Linn. The extract is used as a nootropic and anticholinesterase agent in mice. F. vulgare extract increased step-down latency and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in mice significantly. F. vulgare is employed in the treatment of cognitive disorders such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease".

Taken together, fennel, fennel extracts, or its bioactive anethole may be considered a functional food for enhancing memory or other cognitive functions through its neuroprotective and nootropic activity. However, intake of fennel extracts should be taken with extreme care in the prevention of acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.



Sources
(1) Cholinergic basis of the memory-strengthening effect of Foeniculum vulgare Linn by Joshi H1, Parle M.(PubMed)
(2) A TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO HERBAL NOOTROPIC AGENTS: AN OVERVIEW Preksha Dwivedi, Richa Singh, Mohd.Tabish Malik and Talha Jawaid(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research)
(5) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PubMed)
(4) Anethole and Its Role in Chronic Diseases by Aprotosoaie AC1, Costache II2, Miron A3.(PubMed)
(5) Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function by Fernando Gómez-Pinilla. (PMC)
(6) Lifestyle Factors and Cognitive Ageing: Variation across Ability and Lifestyle Domains by Alan J. Gow, Allison A. M. Bielak, and Denis Gerstorf. (PMC)

Intake of Coffee Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of #PrimarySclerosingCholangitis #PSC, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

A recent study suggested that coffee and caffeine consumption may be associated with a beansreduced risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a medical condition of inflammation and obliterative fibrosis of the bile ducts.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

In the study of 606 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 480 with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and 564 healthy volunteers acted as controls, researchers filed the following results

1. 24% of patients with PSC had never drunk coffee in compared to 16% of controls.
2. Patients with PSC also consumed fewer lifetime cups per month and spent a smaller percentage of their lifetime drinking coffee compared to healthy adults.

Based on this information, Dr.Lammert C, the lead author opinionated, that coffee consumption is lower among patients with PSC, compared with controls.

Additionally, In patients with PSC, recruited from Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet in Norway through 2011, randomly chosen from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry (control subjects) of 240 patients with PSC and 245 control subjects also indicated a similar conclusion as follow
1. In comparison to control, PSC patients showed a lower daily drinking coffee habit as the time of study and at the age of 18 years observed in men.
2. Ever daily coffee drinker at the age of 18 years was independently and negatively associated with PSC.

These results showed that coffee intake may have a profound effect on protection against the development of PSC.

The evidence demonstrated that coffee and caffeine consumption may have a significant effect on the attenuated risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis developing, but further large and multi-center studies are necessary to validate this claim.

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Sources
(1) Reduced coffee consumption among individuals with primary sclerosing cholangitis but not primary biliary cirrhosis by Lammert C1, Juran BD1, Schlicht E1, Xie X2, Atkinson EJ2, de Andrade M2, Lazaridis KN3.(PubMed)