Sunday, 3 September 2023

#Cucumber #Extract Induces Gastric/#StomachCancer Cell Apoptosis, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Gastric or mouth cancer is a chronic medical condition characterized by abnormal cells growing in the tissues of the stomach.
The stomach-formed part of the digestive system is located between the esophagus and the small intestine and is a muscular, hollow of the digestive tract.

Most cases of gastric or mouth cancer start in the mucus-producing cells of the inside lining of the stomach due to the alternation of DNA. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of gastric cancer.

At the early stage, due to the small size of the tumor, most patients with gastric cancer are asymptomatic.

However, as cancer continues to grow, it may induce general symptoms shared by all cancers and specific symptoms such as mild aches in the upper part of the body, difficulty swallowing, feeling full or bloated after a small meal, vomiting blood, or having blood in the stool.

At this stage, gastric cancer also induces secondary metastasis, by infecting other healthy tissues and organs far away from the original site.

Out of many risk factors associated with the onset of gastric cancer including diet, long-term inflammation of the stomach, smoking, and obesity, some researchers suggested low levels of gastric acid production by the stomach may have a strong implication in facilitating the onset of the condition.


Dr. Helge L. Waldum, the lead scientist in the analysis of the correlation between Helicobacter pylori and gastric acid, wrote, "Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the main cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. There are still unanswered questions related to the interaction between HP and man, like what determines the susceptibility for the initial infection and the mechanisms for the carcinogenic effect".

And, "The initial infection seems to require a temporal gastric hypoacidity. For HP to survive in the gastric mucous layer, some acidity is necessary. HP itself is probably not directly carcinogenic. Only when inducing oxyntic mucosal inflammation and atrophy with hypoacidity, Hp predisposes for gastric cancer. Gastrin most likely plays a central role in the Hp pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer".

The cucumber plant is a species of Cucumis Sativus, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, and is native to Western Asia. It is also a creeping vine with roots in the ground and grows with the support of frames.

With an aim to find a potential compound for the treatment of gastric cancer, researchers examined the effect of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich (Cucurbitaceae) (squirting cucumber) on cell lines of gastric and esophageal origin namely called AGS (human gastric carcinoma) and KYSE30 (human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma).

The study included AGS and KYSE30 cancer cell lines incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h with an aqueous extract of the fruits of E. elaterium prepared and freeze-dried.

In AGS, at the IC(50) values of 2.5, 0.7, and 0.7 μg/ml, the aqueous extract for the cell line after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively showed significant induction of cell apoptosis.

Similarly, KYSE30 cell line-induced apoptosis was found at IC(50) values for the KYSE30 cell line in doses of 500, 150, and 125 μg/ml after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.


Furthermore, the injection of the extract also showed a significant increase in cell density at the G2/M phase, according to cell cycle analysis.

Moreover, the efficacy of the extract against gastric cancer cell lines was attributed to several compounds in the induction of cytotoxicity.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "The results of the current study showed that the freeze-dried aqueous extract of E. elaterium fruit has a cytotoxic effect on gastric and esophageal cancer cell lines by means of apoptosis".

In order to reveal more information of cucumber anti-gastric cancer activity, researchers investigated the effects of Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a natural compound found in Cucurbitaceae in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant human GC cell line SGC7901/DDP.


According to the tested assays, CuB treatment significantly suppressed SGC7901/DDP cell proliferation and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, and autophagy.

Interestingly, the activation of autophagy was mediated through CuB- inhibition of the protein (TORC1) involved in the regulation of cancer cell growth and survival.

In order to reveal more information about CuB anti-gastric cancer potency, scientists examined the CuB activity as a cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), a human oncoprotein that is overexpressed in multiple kinds of tumors including gastric cancer (GC).

In cisplatin (DDP)-resistant human GC cell line SGC7901/DDP, CuB treatment exerted a similar effect as of that of the aforementioned study in the inhibition of SGC7901/DDP cell proliferation, induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, and autophagy.


Moreover, CuB inhibited mTORC1 as showed in the previous study via the inhibition of CIP2A which activates the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the induction of cancer cell proliferation.

Based on the results, researchers said, "CuB can inhibit the proliferation, induce caspase-dependent apoptosis, and autophagy of SGC7901/DDP cells by suppressing CIP2A/PP2A/mTORC1 signaling axis".

Taken together, cucumber processed with a high amount of Cucurbitacin B (CuB) as the main ingredient may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Cucurbitacin B (CuB) in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cytotoxic effect of freeze-dried extract of Ecballium elaterium fruit on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE30) cell lines by Bohlooli S1, Jafari N, Jahed S. (PubMed)
(2) Cucurbitacin B induces autophagy and apoptosis by suppressing CIP2A/PP2A/mTORC1 signaling axis in human cisplatin resistant gastric cancercells by Liu X1, Duan C1, Ji J1, Zhang T1, Yuan X1, Zhang Y1, Ma W1, Yang J2, Yang L2, Jiang Z2, Yu H2, Liu Y1. (PubMed)
(3) Helicobacter pylori and gastric acid: an intimate and reciprocal relationship by Helge L. Waldum, Per M. Kleveland, and Øystein F. Sørdal. (PMC)

#Cucumber #Cucurbitacin B, Eliminates the Apoptosis Resistance of Burkitt's lymphoma Ramos Cells in Vitro, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Lymphoma is a medical and chronic condition associated with abnormal growth of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells of the immune system that fight infection.

Lymphocytes included natural killer cells T cells and B cells are found in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and other parts of the body.

The condition can be classified into 2 types
* Non-Hodgkin is the common form of lymphoma found in most patients.
* Hodgkin

According to the statistics, in the US, this year, approximately, 8,000 people will be diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, leading to the death of 1,000 patients with the disease.

Believe it or not, Hodgkin's lymphoma is treatable, especially in its early stages. The 5-year survival rate for all patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma is 92%.

Most cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are found in adults 65 years of age and over compared to the age of 15 and 40 or older than 55 in Hodgkin lymphoma.

People with a weakened immune system, autoimmunity, viral infectious disease, family history, exposure to benzene and radiotherapy, and past history of Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma are some factors that may increase the risk of the disease.

Some researchers suggested that genetic proposition may have a strong implication with the onset of lymphoma.

Dr. Robert E. Ferrell, the lead scientist wrote, "Hereditary or primary lymphedema is a developmental disorder of the lymphatic system which leads to a disabling and disfiguring swelling of the extremities"

And, " Hereditary lymphedema generally shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with reduced penetrance, variable expression and variable age at onset".

The cucumber plant is a species of Cucumis Sativus, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, and is native to Western Asia. It is a creeping vine with roots in the ground and grows with the support of frames.

In finding a natural and potential compound for the treatment of lymphoma, researchers examined the effect of Cucurbitacin B (CuB) as an ATO and STAT3 inhibitor against lymphoma.

Where Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a chemotherapy drug used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

And STAT3 is a protein that regulates genes involved in cell growth and division.

Injection of CuB was shown to eliminate the apoptosis resistance of Burkitt's lymphoma Ramos cells to ATO synergistically.

In other words, CuB enhanced the drug effects in the inhibition of lymphoma, particularly in resistance to Burkitt's lymphoma Ramos cells.


The results were attributed to the bioactive compound that blocks the activation of protein STAT3 associated with cancer cell proliferation and modulates the expression of proteins involved in pro and anti-apoptosis.


Interestingly, the combination of CuB and ATO kills cancer cells without causing harm to normal cell lines.

In the nude murine lymphoma model, the synergistic effect of the combination of CuB and ATO was once again confirmed by exhibiting significant apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition.

Dr. Ding X, the lead scientist said, "CuB synergistically enhances the apoptosis-inducing effect of ATO by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in Ramos cells".

Taken together, cucumber combined with primary medicine may be used for the treatment of lymphoma, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of CuB in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cucurbitacin B synergistically enhances the apoptosis-inducing effect of arsenic trioxide by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in lymphoma Ramos cells.
Ding X1,2, Chi J1,2, Yang X1,2, Hao J1,2, Liu C1,2, Zhu C1,2, Wang X1,2, Liu X1,2, Niu Y1,2, Ji W3, Chen D4, Wu X. (PubMed)
(2) Hereditary Lymphedema: Evidence for Linkage and Genetic Heterogeneity by Robert E. Ferrell Kara L. Levinson Judith H. Esman Mark A. KimakElizabeth C. Lawrence M. Michael Barmada David N. Finegold. (Oxford Academic)

#Phytochemical #Betacyanins Show a Significant Effect on Chain-Terminating Antioxidants, Researchers Find

Kyle J. Norton

Antioxidants are stable molecules produced by the liver or from the intake of diet sources, including foods and supplementation.
The function of antioxidants is to protect the body against oxidation induced by free radicals.

Free radicals are a normal byproduct of oxygen metabolism. Certain environmental and behavioral factors such as exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals and smoking can dramatically increase the number of free radicals in the body.

Free radicals have an unpaired electron on the outer ring. Therefore, in order to maintain stable, free radicals must donate or intercept an electron from other atoms, causing the domino reaction that can not be stopped until all single electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

Oxidative stress is a result of the imbalanced ratio of the levels of free radicals compared to antioxidants.

In other words, if the antioxidant enzymes no longer can perform the function to balance the free radicals in the body, oxidative stress occurs.

Epidemiologically, oxidative stress has been found to cause protein, lipid, and alternation of cellular DNA, leading to the incidence of chronic illness and cancers.


Dr. V. Hajhashemi, the lead scientist in the elevation of the effects of antioxidants for disease prevention wrote, "Free radicals are produced continuously in the cells as part of normal cellular function, however, excess production might play a role in pathophysiology of many disease conditions, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and some of the drug-induced toxicity".

And, " Many basic research studies and observational epidemiologic studies in humans suggest that antioxidants can prevent oxidative damage".


In other words, by maintaining the healthy ratio of antioxidants and free radicals, diseases associated with oxidative stress can be preventable.

Some researchers suggested, that maintaining a balanced ratio of free radicals and antioxidants is the best way for good health.

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

With an aim to find a potential compound for the treatment of oxidative stress, researchers examined the betacyanins phenol antioxidants activity against peroxyl radicals generated from the azo-initiated oxidation of methyl linoleate in methanol and of a heterogeneous aqueous/soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomal system

In major compound betanin, researchers found that the phytochemical, a weak retarder in methanol is an effective chain-breaking antioxidant in the liposomal model.

In other words, kinetic solvent activity and partition in lipid bilayers may affect betanin antioxidant properties.


Betanidin, another bioactive compound shows a significant effect on chain-terminating antioxidants in both models.

In ROS activity, betanidin demonstrated a stronger radical-scavenging activity compared to betanin, in terms of both radical-scavenging rates constant and stoichiometric factor.


The results suggest that betacyanins exert significant anti-ROS expression by blocking the initiation and progression and induce-termination of a free radical chain reaction through the bioactive compound betanin and betanidin.

Based on the finding, researchers said, " Either betanin or betanidin incorporated in liposomes with alpha-tocopherol had additive effects, supporting the partition of the pigments in the bilayer and lipoperoxyl radical reduction".


Taken together, betacyanins may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Betacyanins as phenol antioxidants. Chemistry and mechanistic aspects of the lipoperoxyl radical-scavenging activity in solution and liposomes by Tesoriere L1, Allegra M, Gentile C, Livrea MA. (PubMed)
(2) Effect of solvent type and ratio on betacyanins and antioxidant activity of extracts from Hylocereus polyrhizus flesh and peel by supercritical fluid extraction and solvent extraction by Fathordoobady F1, Mirhosseini H1, Selamat J2, Manap MY. (PubMed)
(3) Are antioxidants helpful for disease prevention? by V. Hajhashemi,1,* G. Vaseghi,1 M. Pourfarzam,2 and A. Abdollahi. (PMC)

#GreenBean #Extract Processes Anti-Platelet Aggregation Activity, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton


Platelet aggregation refers to the platelet-to-platelet adhesion in the blood that forms a clot.

Platelet aggregation plays a critical role in the protection of the body against blood loss due to injury or tissue damage.

However, activated platelets that stimulate blood clot formation have also been found to induce atherothrombotic disease.

Antiplatelet aggregation medicines, also known as platelet agglutination inhibitors are the types of medicine that process blood thinning properties.

In other words, antiplatelet aggregation medicines reduce the risk of blood clotting used in patients who have a high risk of cardiovascular disease such as aspirin.

Coagulation disorders or bleeding disorders are medical conditions that affect blood clotting activities. The most common diseases associated with coagulation disorders are Hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, clotting factor deficiencies, hypercoagulable states, and deep venous thrombosis.
The most common causes of the bleeding disorder are found in patients with a lower red blood cell count
and vitamin K deficiency.

However, long-term use of certain medications has also been found to have side effects of bleeding disorders.

The most common symptoms of blessing disorder are unexplained and easy bruising, heavy menstrual bleeding in women, frequent nose bleeding, excessive bleeding from small cuts or an injury
and bleeding into joints.

Dr. Copplestone JA in investigating the bleeding and coagulation disorders in the elderly wrote, "Ageing does not bring with it any major changes in the coagulation or fibrinolytic proteins or platelets. It does bring a greater burden of disease, with fewer reserves, and so when hemorrhage occurs in the elderly it has more serious consequences".


And, " Drugs are a significant and potentially preventable cause of bleeding in the elderly. The most frequent problems arise with anticoagulants. The risk of interactions increases with the number of other medications that are prescribed".

Green bean is a genus of Phaseolus Sensu Stricto, containing 55 different species, belongs to the family Fabaceae, and is native to the New World tropics and grown in Europe for its attractive flowers and fleshy immature pods. It can be classified into two major groups, bush beans, and pole beans.

In finding the natural compound that processes anti-thrombosis, researchers examined the antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity in vitro of extracts from selected fruits and vegetables.

The study compared the effect of extracts prepared from each sample including an aqueous (juice or pressed solubles) and/or methanol-soluble fraction. at a final concentration of 1 mg/ml from samples of 19 fruits and 26 vegetables, including green beans representative of the local diet.

Extracts of green beans showed an inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and arachidonic acid, in a concentration-dependent manner, compared to other extracts.

Compared to methanolic extracts of grapes prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and diluted prothrombin time (dPT) and raspberry prolonged APTT are higher compared to those of green beans.

Taken together, green beans may be used as an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of platelet aggregation, pending the confirmation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity in vitro of extracts from selected fruits and vegetables by Torres-Urrutia C1, Guzmán L, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Moore-Carrasco R, Alarcón M, Astudillo L, Gutierrez M, Carrasco G, Yuri JA, Aranda E, Palomo I. (PubMed)
(2) Bleeding and coagulation disorders in the elderly by Copplestone JA. (PubMed)

#GreenTea Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (#EGCG) Inhibits #EsophagealCancer Through Its Apoptotic and Cell Death Programming, According to Studies


Kyle J. Norton

Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), The Bioactive Compound that kills Esophageal Cancer Cells Before They Can Spread
By Kyle J. Norton, (Master of Nutrition All right reserved)


Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reducing the risk and treatment of esophageal cancer, some scientists suggested.

Esophageal cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the tissues of the esophagus. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away to invade other healthy tissues and organs.

According to statistics, in 1028 over 17,000 adults in the United States will be diagnosed with esophageal cancer.

The disease accounts for 1% of all cancers diagnosed in the United States.


This means the 5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer is 19%. It is very low compared to other types of cancer. Sadly, early diagnosed with 5 years survival rate of esophageal cancer is only 43%.

The exact causes of esophageal cancer are still unknown.

Researchers as of today, do not know why people with the same health condition and family history, are susceptible to the early onset of the disease while others do not.

However, researchers do know that smoking, age, family history, unhealthy diet, and an occupation that requires frequent contact with irritants are associated with an increase in the risk of esophageal cancer.


Other researchers suggested that certain medical conditions such as obesity, GERD, achalasia and genetic mutation inherited from the parents are also the prevalent risk factors in the onset of the disease.


If you are experiencing symptoms of difficult or painful swallowing, a persistent sensation of having food lodged in the chest, and pain in the throat or back, behind the breastbone or between the shoulder blades, unintentional weight loss, coughing up blood, and heartburn that cannot go away, you may have esophageal cancer, please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

Green tea a precious drink processes a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

In esophageal cancer cell lines Eca109 and Ec9706, injection of green tea EGCG plus chemo drug adriamycin (ADM) after 24 hours displayed a significantly increased cellular apoptosis.

According to the flow cytometry assay, the combined application induced the elevation of ROS and ADM concentration in the production of cytotoxicity to the tumor cells by reducing the expression of mitochondrial membrane potential and ABCG2 protein that protects cancer cells' apoptosis. without harming healthy cells.

ABCG2 protein expression plays a major role in multi-drug resistance, produced by tumor cells to accounter reaction to chemo-medicine.

Mitochondrial membrane potential is a central intermediate in oxidative energy metabolism, the deceased levels caused by toxicity ROS may result in energy depletion and subsequently, causing cell death.

Further observation also indicated that EGCG inhibited the growth of Eca109 and Ec9706 cells through ameliorating anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein expression and promoted Bax and caspase-3 protein expressions with functions of promoting apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and play an important anti-apoptotic protein.

Caspase-3 protein plays a central role in the execution phase of cell apoptosis.

BAX gene. BAX is a member of the Bcl-2 gene family. plays an important role in the mediation of cell death by apoptosis.

Compared to ADM treatment alone, the Eca109/ABCG2 multidrug resistance cancer cells, the rate of apoptosis and ADM concentration were significantly higher and levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and ABCG2 expression were lower.

In other words, injection of green tea plus ADM was more effective in inducing cell death in Eca109/ABCG2 multi-drug resistance cancer cells through expression ROS and ADM in enhancing elevation of cytotoxic activity compared to ADM treatment alone.

After taking into account other co and confounders, Dr., Liu L the lead author said, " EGCG inhibited cell growth and induced esophageal cancer cell apoptosis. It reduced the bcl-2 protein expression and increased the bax and caspase-3 protein expression. EGCG reversed multi-drug resistance by reducing ABCG2 expression and increasing the anticancer drug concentration in cancer cells".

In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, application of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) without ADM measured by flow cytometry assay after 24 hours also inhibited cancer site proliferation by increasing the expression of ROS to attenuate mitochondrial membrane potential function in energy metabolism and increase caspase-3 protein function in the induction of malignant cellular apoptosis, in a dose and time-dependent manner.

Furthermore, in the examine the PCR-TRAP argentation analysis during the experiment, EGCG also inhibited the viability of Eca109 and Ec9706 cells by suppressing cancer cells in alternating DNA transcript through telomerase activity.

More interestingly, the continuation of the study of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the human esophageal cancer cell line ECa109 also discovered, EGCG decreased cancer cell viability and increased cancer apoptosis through expression of p16 gene demethylation in cancer cell cycle arrest.

P16 gene demethylation plays an important role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. gene alternation was found in several types of cancer.

A low level of p16 mRNA expression is associated with the progression of cancer with malignant and aggressive behavior.

Abnormalities of the p16 gene and loss of p16 protein expression may be related to the pathogenesis and development of some cancers.

Taken together, green tea with an abundance of phytochemical Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) may be considered an adjunct therapy or in combination with standard chemo-medicine for treatment of esophageal cancer.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes apoptosis and reversal of multidrug resistance in esophageal cancer cells by Liu L1, Ju Y2, Wang J3, Zhou R3. (PubMed)
(2) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in Ec9706 and Eca109 esophageal carcinoma cells by Liu L1, Zuo J1, Wang G1. (PubMed)
(3) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells through the demethylation and reactivation of the p16 gene by Meng J1, Tong Q2, Liu X2, Yu Z3, Zhang J3, Gao B3. (PubMed)

#Myricetin and #Quercitrin Found in #Cranberry #Extract Inhibit #Bacterial Infection, Researchers Find

Kyle J.  Norton

Infection is a condition caused by a harmful microbial invasion of the body's tissues
Most cases of bacterial infection are treated with antibiotics. However, bacteria are very adaptable, and overuse of antibiotics has been found to make them resistant to antibiotics.

Out of trillions of strains of bacteria in the world, only a few cause diseases in humans. Believe it or not, our gut contains trillion microorganisms, most of which are bacteria.

The most common symptoms of bacterial infection are redness and heat, swelling, fever, and pain at the site of infection.

In severe cases, the patient may also experience symptoms of swollen lymph glands.

Most cases of bacterial infection are treated successfully if the types of bacteria that cause the infection are identified.

There are many risk factors associated with the onset of bacterial infection, people with severe chronic disease may increase the prevalence of bacterial infection, particularly in those with cirrhosis.

Dr. Deschênes M, the lead scientist at the Université de Montréal wrote, "Bacterial infection is a frequent and severe complication of cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding are at high risk of such a complication and have been targeted in trials of antibiotic prophylaxis".


And, " patients with severe cirrhosis who are admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding have a higher risk of developing a bacterial infection during their hospitalization than other cirrhotic patients".


Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of bacterial infection, researchers examined the effect of cranberry antibacterial activity against uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (UPEC).

According to the tested analysis, the whole extract showed a powerful antibacterial activity against UPEC compared to the selected fractions that presented a different behavior.

Myricetin and quercitrin demonstrated the highest decrease in E. coli biofilm formation compared with the control and other fractions.

However, other chemical constituents such as dihydro ferulic acid glucuronide, procyanidin A dimer, quercetin glucoside, myricetin, and prodelphinidin B led to a significant decrease of the surface hydrophobicity compared with the control.

In other words, all fractions in the cranberry extract worked synergistically to protect the host against the infection caused by E. coli

Based on the results, researchers said, "Apart from proanthocyanidins, other compounds, mainly flavonoids, can act against E. coli biofilm formation and also modify UPEC surface hydrophobicity in vitro."

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Antibacterial activity of isolated phenolic compounds from cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) against Escherichia coli by Rodríguez-Pérez C1, Quirantes-Piné R2, Uberos J3, Jiménez-Sánchez C1, Peña A4, Segura-Carretero A. (PubMed)
(2) In Vivo Consumption of Cranberry Exerts ex Vivo Antiadhesive Activity against FimH-Dominated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: A Combined in Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Study of an Extract from Vaccinium macrocarpon by Rafsanjany N1, Senker J1, Brandt S1, Dobrindt U2, Hensel A. (PubMed)
(3) Risk factors for the development of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis by Deschênes M1, Villeneuve JP. (PubMed)

#Phytochemical #Lycopene Inhibits Vascular #Oxidativestress and Inflammation that Cause Dyslipidemia, Researchers Show

Kyle J. Norton

Antioxidants are stable atoms that inhibit the oxidation caused by reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants also play a critical role in the prevention of the oxidative stress induced by a chain of reactions as a result of over-expression of free radicals that can only be stopped with the expression of antioxidants produced by the host or from dietary sources.

More precisely, oxidative stress is caused by the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants.

Epidemiologically, over time, oxidative stress induces damage to protein, lipid, and cell DNA that leads to the incidences of chronic disease, including heart disease, RA, and cancers.

In cancer, antioxidants are molecules that process the capability to protect healthy cells against oxidative stress-induced DNA alternation.

In cardiovascular disease, antioxidants reduce the fragility and “permeability” in capillaries and prevent the clotting up of arteries due to oxidation.

In RA, antioxidant inhibits the rheumatoid joint fluid containing significant amounts of hydroxyl radical.

The overexpression of free radicals is bad. However, free radicals generated from cell metabolism may play a critical role in the synthesis of the energy of essential molecules and boosting the immune system. According to the free radical theory, over time, the damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS), can also induce skin aging.

In a healthy individual, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body are more than enough to accounter the expression of free radicals that occur in our body every day.

However, in people with a weakened immune system such as the elderly, the intake of dietary antioxidants such as supplements or fruits rich with antioxidants may be the only option to improve levels of antioxidants in the body.

Dyslipidemia is a condition with an abnormally high amount of lipids (e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol, and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood.

Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

In finding a potential ingredient for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers examined the effects of lycopene on vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in a young healthy subject.

The study included blood collection of 18 men and 9 women with restriction of lycopene-containing foods for 1-wk (LYr), after a fasting state, and 3 hours after an HFm and a low-fat meal (LFm).


Compared to the blood sample collected on pre-and post-meals following 1-wk of 80 mg/day lycopene supplementation (LYs) under continued dietary LYr in the fasting state, researchers found that
* LYs compared with LYr not only evoked a >2-fold increase in plasma lycopene but also increased plasma beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol.

* However, LYs did not affect plasma nitrate/nitrite, a biomarker of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid oxidative stress, vascular- and intercellular-adhesion molecules or C-reactive protein, the biomarkers of inflammation.

In other words, the HFm-induced dyslipidemic state was inhibited by LYr or LYs but did not affect the plasma malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, or adhesion molecules.

The results suggested that 1-wk of LYs increased plasma lycopene, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol do not have an effect on the plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant pool, biomarkers of vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in the fasted state as well as during dyslipidemia induced by an HFm in young healthy subjects.

In other words, plasma lycopene consumption inhibits dyslipidemia but does not affect the changes of parameters induced by an HFm in young healthy subjects in the short term.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The role of the antioxidants lycopene and vitamin E in the prevention of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity by Beştaş A1, Kahramanoglu M, Erhan OL, Bolat E, Ozercan I, Gürsu F, Gülcü F. (PubMed)
(2) Effect of short-term lycopene supplementation and postprandial dyslipidemia on plasma antioxidants and biomarkers of endothelial health in young, healthy individuals by Denniss SG1, Haffner TD, Kroetsch JT, Davidson SR, Rush JW, Hughson RL. (PubMed)