#Lycopene Reduces Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke (CS), Researchers Reveal

Kyle J. Norton

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune systematics reaction that protects the body against invasive foreign microorganisms.

In the acute phase of infection, the macrophage of the largest white blood cells of the first line of defense not only stimulates the production of blood platelets to cover the site of damage but also induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to fend off foreign invaders.

During the acute phase of infection, depending on the individual immune system capacity, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines may cause damage to nearby healthy cells, leading to the formation of scars in some people.

Most cases of infection are stopped at the acute phase of infection. The wound is slowly healed itself within a few days or weeks.

However, if the immune system can not destroy all pathogens within a set of period time ( 3 to 8 weeks) it will compromise, leading to chronic inflammation.

In other words, chronic inflammation occurs when the immune response lingers, causing low-grade inflammation. Chronic inflammation over time may damage proteins, lipids, and cells of the body tissues.

The infection may be latent in which the pathogen remains within the body for a long time without producing any symptoms, such as the hepatitis virus.

Diseases associated with chronic inflammation include cancer, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.

Anti-inflammation is a treatment that not only reduces inflammation or swelling but also protects the damaged tissue against the formation of a scar without affecting the immune function in killing foreign invaders.

Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoids, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world's diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

With an aim to find potential ingredients with anti-inflammatory properties, researchers examined the effects of lycopene on reducing inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS).

In vivo, according to the study of 40 mice divided into 5 groups: a control exposed to ambient air (CG), a vehicle-control group that received 200 μl of sunflower oil by orogastric gavage, a group exposed to CS and two groups administered lycopene (diluted in sunflower oil) at doses of either 25 or 50 mg/kg/day prior to exposure to CS (LY25+CS and LY50+CS) for 5 days,
* There was an increase in ROS production in 24 h in CS compared with CG.

* Lycopene administrated at concentrations of 1 μM and 2 μM were able to reduce the production of ROS in 24 h compared with CS.

* Administration with lycopene at the highest dose suppressed the CS-induced increase of leukocytes.

* Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage increased in the CS group compared with that in the controls and was also suppressed by lycopene at the highest dose.

* Furthermore, the decrease of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the CS group compared with that in the controls was also reduced in the LY25+CS and LY50+CS groups.

* Lycopene also inhibited the expression of proteins associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-10 after exposure to CS.

In vitro, observation of the results of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated SW 480 human colorectal cancer cells found that

* Lycopene at a dose-dependent manner decreased the expression of mRNA associated with protein in the initiation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines similar to that of the aforementioned study.

* Lycopene also inhibited the concentrations of mediators prostaglandins -2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) associated with the onset of inflammation.

* Additionally, lycopene blocks the activation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) which cause inflammation.

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomatoes may be considered a supplement for the prevention of inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of lycopene in mice lungs exposed to cigarette smoke by Campos KKD1, Araújo GR2, Martins TL1, Bandeira ACB2, Costa GP3, Talvani A3, Garcia CCM4, Oliveira LAM5, Costa DC2, Bezerra FS. (PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene in SW480 human colorectal cancer cells by Cha JH1, Kim WK1, Ha AW1, Kim MH2, Chang MJ. (PubMed)

#Isorhamnetin and Myricetin Found in #Cranberry Inhibit #BladderCancer Cells in Vitro, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

The bladder-formed part of the secretory system is a muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone.
The bladder has 2 main functions store the urine made in the kidneys and control urinary secretion.

Cancer is a group of chronic diseases characterized by cell growth that starts on the surface of the inner lining tissue of a specific tissue of a gland or organ.

Bladder cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects men twice as frequently as it affects women, Bladder cancer usually starts from the cells on the surface of the inner tissue that lines the bladder.

Bladder cancer depending on the origination of the cancer beginning can be classified into
* Transitional cell carcinoma
In the early stage of bladder cancer, normal cells become cancerous in the innermost tissue layer of the bladder which can change shape and stretch without breaking apart. In other words, cancer in this stage is able to stretch when the bladder is full and shrink when the bladder is emptied.
More than 90 percent of bladder cancers begin in the transitional cells

* Squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer begins in squamous cells found in the tissues of the surface of the bladder, due to long-term infection or irritation. About 8 percent of people with bladder cancers begin with squamous cells.

* Adenocarcinoma
Cancer originates from the glandular tissue of the bladder, including the surface layer of skin, glands, and a variety of other tissue, due to long-term irritation and inflammation. Only 2 percent of people with the condition have a third bladder cancer type.

The exact causes of bladder cancer are unidentified. However, smoking has been associated with a significant factor that causes the onset of the disease.

Dr. Neal D. Freedman, the lead scientist wrote, "Previous studies indicate that the population attributable risk of bladder cancer for tobacco smoking is 50–65% in men and 20–30% in women and that current cigarette smoking triples bladder cancer risk relative to never smoking".

And, "Over the last 30 years, incidence rates have remained stable in the United States (men: 123.8/100,000 person-years to 142.2/100,000 person-years; women: 32.5/100,000 person-years to 33.2/100,000 person-years)".

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.


In finding a potential compound for the treatment of bladder cancer, researchers examined the anti-proliferative activities of cranberry-derived flavonoids on human bladder tumor cell lines (RT4, SCABER, and SW-780) and non-tumorigenic immortalized human uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC).

According to the tested analysis,

* Quercetin 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin (3'-O-methyl quercetin), myricetin, and quercetin found in cranberry showed strong concentration-dependent cell growth inhibitory activities in bladder cancer cells with IC50 values in a range of 8-92 μM compared to others.
* Isorhamnetin and myricetin had very low inhibitory activity against SV-HUC even at very high concentrations (>200 μM) compared to bladder cancer cells.

These results strongly suggested that isorhamnetin and myricetin inhibited bladder cancer cells without causing harm to the nearby healthy cells.


Furthermore, according to the results of SW-780 cells incubated with the aforementioned compounds, hyperoside, a member of 3-O-galactoside of quercetin undergoes relatively less metabolic biotransformation (methylation, glucuronidation, and quinone formation) compared to quercetin 3-O-glucoside.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Isorhamnetin and quercetin 3-O-glucoside may be the active forms of quercetin in the prevention of bladder cancer".

Taken altogether, cranberry-processed abundantly bioactive compounds may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Metabolism and growth inhibitory activity of cranberry derived flavonoids in bladder cancer cells by Prasain JK1, Rajbhandari R1, Keeton AB2, Piazza GA2, Barnes S. (PubMed)
(2) Cranberries and Cancer: An Update of Preclinical Studies Evaluating the CancerInhibitory Potential of Cranberry and Cranberry Derived Constituents by Weh KM1, Clarke J2,3,4, Kresty LA. (PubMed)
(3) Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women by Neal D Freedman, PhD, MPH,1 Debra T Silverman, ScD, ScM,1 Albert R Hollenbeck, Ph.D.,2Arthur Schatzkin, MD, DrPH,1 and Christian C Abnet, PhD, MPH. (PMC)

#Ginger Combined with #Turmertic Significantly Suppress the Incidence and Severity of Arthritis, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a whole food that processes a significant effect in reducing and treating arthritis with no side effects, some studies found. Arthritis is a class of inflammatory diseases that affect the joints.

The most common symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness.


However, some patients with arthritis may also experience symptoms of redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints.


The most common causes of arthritis are improper health of joint injury at a younger age and infections that affect the integrity of the cartilage.


RA, an autoimmune disorder is a type of arthritis caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the joint tissues of the body.


The prevalent risk factors associated with the onset of the disease include the increase in age, family history, gender, ethnicity, and obesity.

Some researchers suggested that people who follow the Western diet with high saturated and trans fat, red meat and processed foods, and fewer fruits and vegetables and whole grains are also at an increased risk of arthritis.

According to the study published in the journal JCI Insight on April 19, by the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, after 3 months of feeding mice a high-fat diet similar to that of a western “cheeseburger and milkshake” regimen, the mice became obese and diabetic and fat percentage was double compared to mice fed with a healthy, low-fat diet.

The contribution of overweight obesity caused by long-term intake of the Western diet may contribute to the link of obesity to the risk of arthritis.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

With an aim to reconfirm the traditional medicine use of ginger for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, the research team examined the turmeric (rich in curcuminoids) and ginger (rich in gingerols and shogaols) rhizomes effect in patients with arthritis rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) both plants at the dose 200 mg/kg body weight were orally administrated.

Turmeric and ginger significantly suppressed (but to different degrees) the incidence and severity of arthritis by increasing the production of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Both turmeric and ginger also restored the antioxidant enzymes in the rats.

In the anti-arthritic activity, turmeric was more effective compared to of ginger and indomethacin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), especially when the treatment started from the day of arthritis induction.


Interestingly, The percentage of disease recovery was 4.6-8.3% and 10.2% more in turmeric compared with ginger and indomethacin, respectively.

Dr. the lead author said, after taking into account co and confounders, "the anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant activity of turmeric over ginger and indomethacin, which may have beneficial effects against rheumatoid arthritis onset/progression as shown in AIA rat model".


The findings indicated a potential effect of ginger against arthritis although to a lesser extent than those of turmeric.


Furthermore, the investigation of the potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes (Z. officinale extract) in ameliorating inflammatory process in rat collagen-induced arthritis, also found that* Z. officinale extract in doses higher than 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally significantly enhanced the immune function against the progression of arthritis.

* Continued administration of the said volume for 26 days can ameliorate the clinical scores, disease incidence, joint temperature and swelling, and cartilage destruction.

* The anti-arthritis effects were associated with reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and antibodies.


Most importantly, Z. officinale extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg/day was more superior to those of 2 mg/kg/day of indomethacin compared to most of the measured parameters.

Taken together, ginger may be used as a functional food for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of arthritis


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.



Sources
(1) Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of Curcuma longa (turmeric) versus Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis by Ramadan G1, Al-Kahtani MA, El-Sayed WM. (PubMed)
(2) Evaluation of the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes in rat collagen-induced arthritis by Fouda AM1, Berika MY. (PubMed)
(3) Western Diet, With Its High-Fat Content, Linked To ArthritisApr 19, 2018 09:00 AM By Sadhana Bharanidharan, (Medical Daily)

#Imperatorin and #Isoimperatorin, Found in #Herbal #Angelica dahurica #Extract Inhibt the Risk of #ColonCancer, Researchers Show

Kyle J. Norton

Antioxidants are stable atoms produced either by the host body or intake of dietary antioxidants-rich food with the function that inhibits oxidation caused by free radicals.
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron on the outer ring of the atom.
Due to its nature to become stable, free radicals readily donate or steal an electron from other molecules, leading to the chain of domino effect that can not be stopped until either the electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

This chain of reaction is the cause of oxidative stress, a condition is associated with either overexpression of free radicals or depletion of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host organs.

Overexpression of free radicals is known to cause damage in contributing to the etiology of many chronic health problems such as cardiovascular and inflammatory disease, cataracts, and cancer by inducing the alternation of lipids, proteins, and cell DNA damage.

Colon cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progressing in a predictable way.

Most cases of primary colon cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the colon. At the early stage. most patients with colon cancer do not experience any symptoms.

However, at the advanced stage, the tumor not only can spread to other healthy tissues and organs a distance away through blood and fluid circulation but also suppress the nearby tissue and nerve cells.

The progression of colon cancer at this stage not only induces symptoms of the change in bowel habits, the change in the consistency of your stool, that lasts longer than four weeks but also causes rectal bleeding and persistent abdominal severe pain.

According to the statistics by the American Cancer Society, in the US, there are
97,220 new cases of colon cancer were diagnosed in 2018. The lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is 1 in 22 (4.49%) for men and 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.

Angelica or Dang Qui is a herb of Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China.

The herb has been used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine antispasmodic and vasodilatory agent, and to balance the hormones in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation and strengthen the heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver for both men and women, etc. In other words, it is used to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia, and high blood pressure. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc.

In finding a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers examined the antioxidant activity of Angelica dahurica extract in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line.


According to the A HPLC-DAD analysis, the antioxidant anti-cancer activity of the extract was attributed to the phytochemicals Imperatorin and isoimperatorin, the major coumarins in the ethanol-ethyl acetate active fraction.


In other words, Angelica dahurica extract exerted the antioxidant cancer effect by activating the pro-apoptotic proteins caspase cascade and cell cycle arrest and inhibiting the proteins associated with anti-apoptotic expressions

Based on the results, researchers said, "the ant-cancer activity of the organic extract of Angelica dahurica Radix against colon cancer cells".


Taken together, Herbal Angelica consists of the ethanol-ethyl acetate active fraction may be considered a functional herbal medicine for improving antioxidant activity against colon cancer, pending to larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities of Angelica dahurica extract via induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cells by Zheng YM1, Shen JZ2, Wang Y2, Lu AX2, Ho WS. (PubMed)
Antimigraine
(1) Chemical Composition and Antimigraine Activity of Essential Oil of Angelicae dahuricae Radix. by Sun J1, Li H2, Sun J2, Liu H3, Chen J2, Wang C. (PubMed)

#Tomato's Phytochemical Polyphenols In the Promotion of #Guthealth, Reserachers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Gut Microbiota is a community of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract.
Under normal conditions, gut microbiota plays a critical role in overall health, including the impacts of
* In nutrient metabolism, gut microbiota improves the absorption of dietary nutrients in the digestive system

* In xenobiotic and drug metabolism, gut microbiota protects the body against xenobiotics and drug toxicity by facilitating the excretion.

* Maintenance of the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, gut microbiota enhances the epithelial cells with a function to protect the intestine against invasive pathogens and ensure the function of the intestine in nutrient adsorption.

* In immunomodulation, gut microbiota interact with the immune system against inflammatory immune disorders and inhibit the risk of gastrointestinal diseases and non-gastrointestinal diseases caused by overexpression of bad bacteria.

However, an imbalanced ratio of gut microbiota may have a negative on human health and diseases.

Dr. Yu-Jie Zhang wrote, "Gut bacteria are an important component of the microbiota ecosystem in the human gut, which is colonized by 1014 microbes, ten times more than the human cells. Gut bacteria play an important role in human health, such as supplying essential nutrients, synthesizing vitamin K, aiding in the digestion of cellulose, and promoting angiogenesis and enteric nerve function".

, "However, they can also be potentially harmful due to the change of their composition when the gut ecosystem undergoes abnormal changes in the light of the use of antibiotics, illness, stress, aging, bad dietary habits, and lifestyle. Dysbiosis of the gut bacteria communities can cause many chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cancer, and autism".


Tomato is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.

In the urgency to discover healthy foods for enhancing the ratio of dut microbiota composition researchers examined the effect of consuming tomato products and lycopene on chronic inflammatory disorders associated with intestinal bacteria in an animal model.

The study included Winnie mice as a model of spontaneous ulcerative colitis treated with or without chow enriched with 1% Bronze tomato.

At week 2, the Bronze-enriched chow-treated group showed no macroscopic effect on the IBD symptoms.

However, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines found in the treated mice were significantly reduced, as observed by the levels of IL17A and IFNγ.


According to the analysis of the microbial composition, two weeks of Bronze enriched diet demonstrated a strong effect in the improvement of the gut microbiota ratio in the tested mice.


In additional differentiation of the results, researchers found that the efficacy of Bronze tomato in the promotion of gut health was attributed to the phytochemical polyphenols presented in the tomato.

Taken together, tomatoes processed with a high amount of lycopene may be considered a dietary supplement for gut health, pending to large sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of polyphenols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The impact of tomato fruits containing multi-walled carbon nanotube residues on human intestinal epithelial cell barrier function and intestinal microbiome composition by Lahiani MH 1, Khare S, Cerniglia CE, Boy R, Ivanov IN, Khodakovskaya M. (PubMed)
(2) A Bronze-Tomato Enriched Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome under Homeostatic and Inflammatory Conditions.
Liso M1, De Santis S2, Scarano A3, Verna G4, Dicarlo M5, Galleggiante V6, Campiglia P7, Mastronardi M8, Lippolis A9, Vacca M10, Sobolewski A11, Serino G12, Butelli E13, De Angelis M14, Martin C15, Santino A16, Chieppa M. (PubMed)
(3) Impacts of Gut Bacteria on Human Health and Diseases by Yu-Jie Zhang,1 Sha Li,2 Ren-You Gan,3 Tong Zhou,1 Dong-Ping Xu,1 and Hua-Bin Li. (PMC)

#Phytochemical #Betacyanins Isolated From White-Fleshed Pitaya Peel (PPBNs) Reduce Parameters Associated With the Onset of Obesity

Kyle J. Norton

Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulated over time. Overweight is a condition of excess body weight relative to height.
According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of the American population is either overweight or obese.

Believe it or not, according to the statistic provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 40 percent of adults (or 93.3 million people) are obese.
The formula of the BMI indexBMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

The causes of obesity are easily understood. If you regularly eat and drink more calories than you needs accompanied by physical inactivity, and a lack of sleep, over time you are at an increased risk of being overweight or obese.

Please note that certain medical conditions such as hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing's syndrome,..., genetic preposition, and the use of certain medications that can cause weight gain or water retention, such as corticosteroids, antidepressants, or some seizure medications, also increases the risk of overweight and obesity.

Epidemiologically, obese people are associated with an increased risk of diseases and health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Some researchers suggested that by dietary changes, increased physical activity and behavior changes have been found to enhance weight loss in obesity.

Conventionally, in extremely obese subjects, prescription medications and weight-loss surgery may be the only options.

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

To find a potential compound for the prevention of fat accumulation, researchers examined the effects of food that inhibits the development of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.

The study included betacyanins isolated from Hylocereus undatus (white-fleshed pitaya) peel applied to high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and compared to a low-fat diet or HFD supplemented with PPBNs for 14 weeks.

According to the tested assays, all betacyanins found in white-fleshed pitaya peel (PPBNs) reduced HFD-induced parameters associated with the obesity including body weight gain, adipose tissue hypertrophy, hepatosteatosis, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance.

Furthermore, dietary PPBNs also increased the expression levels of lipid-metabolism-related genes and decreased genes associated with glucose and lipid homeostasis.

In other words, dietary PPBNs not only protected against fat accumulation but also decreased the risk of complications of obese subjects.

Based on the finding, researchers wrote, "the protective effect of PPBNs might be associated with the induced fatty acid oxidation, decreased fatty acid biosynthesis, and alleviated FGF21 resistance".

Taken together, betacyanins may be considered a remedy for the prevention of obesity, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
Obesity
(1) Red pitaya betacyanins protect from diet-induced obesity, liver steatosis and insulin resistance in association with modulation of gut microbiota in mice by Song H1,2, Chu Q1, Yan F1, Yang Y1, Han W1, Zheng X. (PubMed)
(2) Purified Betacyanins from Hylocereus undatus Peel Ameliorate Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice by Song H1, Chu Q1, Xu D1, Xu Y1, Zheng X. (PubMed)

Bioactive Ingredient 3,3'-#Diindolylmethane mRNA and Matrix Expression Against the Onset of #ColorectalCancer, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Colorectal cancer is a medical and chronic condition caused by irregular cell growth in the colon or rectum.
Colorectal cancer is one of the slowest growth of cancer. Therefore, Most cases of colorectal cancer are discovered in the later stage, causing a high rate of mortality.

According to the study, at the advanced stage, the median survival of patients is 24 months (range 16–42). The one-year and 2-year survival rate is 65% and 25%, respectively.
Most cases of colorectal cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the colon or rectum. At the early stage, due to the small size of the tumor, most patients are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, the oversized tumor may suppress the nearby blood vessels and nerve cells, leading to persistently severe bleeding and pain.

Patients at this stage may also experience symptoms of a change in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation, or consistency of the stool, that lasts longer than four weeks.

If you experience some of the aforementioned symptoms, please make sure that you check with your doctor immediately to rule out the possibility.

The exact causes of colorectal cancer are not identified. Out of many risk factors associated with the onset of the disease, aging may be one of the major causes, as most cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed in adults over the age of 50, and the risk increases with age.

3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM are phytochemicals derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, belonging to the group of Indoles, found abundantly in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, etc.

Researchers on finding a potential and natural compound for the treatment of colorectal cancer examined the diindolylmethane (DIM) effect on cyclin D1, which was aberrantly overexpressed in various cancer cells and tumors.

Cyclin D1 is a protein associated with the progression of cancer through the G1 phase of the cell cycle in cellular division.

Injection of DIM interfered with the Cyclin D1 function in the promotion of colorectal cancer proliferation, without affecting the cyclin D1 mRNA expression.

The results suggested that DIM modulated cyclin D1 expression by controlling the levels of protein synthesized from its mRNA.

In other words, DIM inhibited cyclin D1 by triggering ER stress in human colorectal cancer cells through decreasing protein synthesis and growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

Additionally, in order to reveal more information about DIM anti-colorectal cancer properties, researchers investigated the effect of DIM on the migratory and invasive activities of the human colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1 and HCT116.

Injection of DIM significantly inhibited the migratory ability of the DLD-1 and HCT116 cells at 24 and 48 hours.

DIM also significantly inhibited the invasion rate of the DLD-1 and HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner.


Following DIM treatment, researchers found that DIM anti-colorectal cancer property was associated with attenuating the mRNA expression levels of urokinase receptor and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) involved cancer cell adhesion and enhancing the expression of tumor-suppressive mRNA.

Furthermore, DIM significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of FOXM1 in the promotion of cell division or proliferation in DLD-1 and HCT116 cells.

Based on these results, Dr.Jin H, the lead scientist in the summary of the report, wrote, "DIM can influence the cell migratory and invasive properties of human colorectal cancer cells and may decrease the invasive capacity of colorectal cancer through downregulation of uPA and MMP9 mediated by suppression of the transcription factor FOXM1".

Taken altogether, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before It's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) 3,3'-diindolylmethane downregulates cyclin D1 through triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress in colorectal cancer cells by Zhang X1, Sukamporn P2, Zhang S3, Min KW4, Baek SJ. (PubMed)
(2) FOXM1-mediated downregulation of uPA and MMP9 by 3,3'-diindolylmethaneinhibits migration and invasion of human colorectal cancer cells by Jin H1, Li XJ1, Park MH2, Kim SM. (PubMed)
(3) Survival of untreated advanced colorectal cancer patients by G.P. STATHOPOULOS, (PMC)