#Papaya #LeafExtract Inhibits the Parameters Associated with the Onset of #HighBloodCholesterol, Researchers Find

Kyle J. Norton

Papaya may be considered a functional food for high blood cholesterol by inducing any side effects, some scientists suggested.

Cholesterol, a waxy substance produced by the liver or from the intake of dietary sources plays an important role in the building of cell membranes in transmitting information among cells and making steroid hormones, fat-soluble vitamins, and bile acids for digestive system needs.

There are 2 major types of cholesterol,
* Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are also known as“bad” cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol can block the arteries, causing heart disease. and

* High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known as“good” cholesterol. HDL cholesterol removes bad cholesterol from other parts of your body and carries them back to the liver.

The healthy ratio of total cholesterol is 4 (bad cholesterol)/1(good cholesterol). If your total blood cholesterol is lower than 4, you are considered a have a healthy level of blood cholesterol.

The Mayo Clinic in the article talking about diet and lifestyle effects in high blood cholesterol wrote, "Poor diet. Eating saturated fat, found in animal products, and trans fats, found in some commercially baked cookies and crackers, can raise your cholesterol level. Foods that are high in cholesterol, such as red meat and full-fat dairy products, will also increase your total cholesterol".

Therefore, by changing your diet pattern to more in fruits, whole grains,s and vegetables and less saturated and trans fat, red meat, and processed food, and following a healthy lifestyle with moderate exercise, you should be free of the syndrome of high blood cholesterol, regardless of your present conditions.

Papaya is a species of Carica Papaya, belongs to the family Caricaceae, and is native to the tropics of the Americas, and was first cultivated in Mexico several centuries

In the reaffirming of the traditional use of Ficus carica (papaya) for the treatment of several metabolic syndrome-related health problems, researchers at the University of Florida launched an investigation to examine the preventive effects of a Ficus carica (FC) leaf extract on hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male rats.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) were fed with a regular diet, HFD, or an HFD + oral treatment of either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of FC or 30 mg/kg pioglitazone for six weeks.

In the final report, researchers found that
* Oral administration of FC exerts a significant anti-hyperlipidemia effect by lowering triglycerides (TG), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the tested animal.
* The effects of FC on lipid parameters are more pronounced in treated rats than those of the positive control pioglitazone.
* FC treatment group also significantly lowered the atherogenic index (AI) and the coronary risk index (CRI). the indications of the decreased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

Dr. Joerin L, the lead author said, "Preventive treatment with FC significantly improved the lipid profile and decreased adipogenic risk factors in HFD rats most likely mediated through an increase in HDL-C levels".

Additionally, in the evaluate the effects of the fruit and latex of papaya used in folk medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, researchers conducted an experience to examine the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the ether- and water-soluble fractions of C. papaya ethanol extract in olive oil-induced hyperlipidemic rats.


The extract and fractions were administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in rats. Olive oil (5 mL/kg oral dose) was administered 30 min after treatment.
Oral administration of papaya extract in a dose-dependently inhibited the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) level, and significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level.

Papaya also exerted a significant acute effect on HDL levels and TC and TG elevation induced by olive oil.

These results suggested that papaya extract and water fraction showed protective action by increasing the HDL cholesterol level and lowering the levels of HDL level and TC and TG elevation in hyperlipidemic rats.

Taken together, papaya may be considered a functional food for the treatment of high blood cholesterol.

However, due to the limitation of the above studies, additional data collection large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of the whole food or its bioactive compounds during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of papaya antihyperlipidemic possibility.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco, and Citrullara by Loizzo MR1, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Tundis R.(PubMed)
(2) Ficus carica leaf extract modulates the lipid profile of rats fed with a high-fat diet through an increase of HDL-C by Joerin L1, Kauschka M, Bonnländer B, Pischel I, Benedek B, Butterweck V.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of ether- and water-soluble fractions of Carica papaya ethanol extract in experimentally induced hyperlipidemia in rats by Iyer D1, Sharma BK, Patil UK. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Ashwagandha Increases the Levels of Antioxiant Against the Onset of Oxidative Stress, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Antioxidants are stable atom that plays a critical role in protecting the body against the attack of free radicals.
In other words, antioxidants inhibited the onset of free radicals before they can cause a chain reaction in facilitating protein, lipid, and cell damage.

Antioxidants can either be produced by the liver or intake from dietary sources. Under normal conditions, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body in a healthy individual are good enough to counter the bombardment of free radical attacks.

However, in people with a weakened immune system, intake of dietary sources of antioxidants may be necessary.


Oxidative stress is a medical condition characterized by the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes produced by the host tissue.

In some cases, this reaction also is caused long-term accumulation of toxic substances in the body, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic.

Dr. Ercal N, the lead author in the study of the relationship between toxic metals and oxidative stress, wrote, "Antioxidants may play an important role in abating some hazards of heavy metals. In order to prove the importance of using antioxidants in heavy metal poisoning, pertinent biochemical mechanisms for metal-induced oxidative stress".

There is no single cause of oxidative stress. Some researchers suggested that a number of factors can facilitate the onset of oxidative stress, including cigarette smoke, oxidative burst from activated macrophages, particularly, the free radicals chain reaction.

Sadly, a prolonged period of oxidative stress present in the human body can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, (lipids, proteins, DNA) and the death of healthy cells through cytotoxicity.

Certain chronic diseases are found to be associated with oxidative stress, including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, post-ischemic perfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, and stroke.

Ashwagandha also is known as Withania somnifera is a nightshade plant in the genus of Withania, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to the dry parts of India, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean.

The herbal medicine has been considered as Indian ginseng and used in Ayurvedic medicine for over 3000 years to treat tumors and tubercular glands, carbuncles, memory loss, and ulcers and considered an anti-stress, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging herbal medicine.

In finding a potent compound that processes the antioxidant activity, researchers examined the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitory and antioxidant potential of Ashwagandha root extract (ARE

Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) in in-vitro and ex-vivo models showed a strong free radical scavenging effect by preventing protein degradation.

In rat lymphocytes, ARE pre-treatment not only protects the immune cells' integrity against s against H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage including DNA fragmentation, and significantly decreased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as peroxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Furthermore, the decreased and increased content of glutathione and malondialdehyde induced by the injection of H2O2 has also reversed, indicating the remedy to suppress hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.

Collectively, researchers said, "The study provides the scientific basis of pleiotropic functions of Ashwagandha".

Taken altogether, Ashwagandha may be considered a functional herb for the treatment of chronic diseases induced by oxidative stress, pending the result of a larger sample size and multicenter study

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Ashwagandha Root Extract Inhibits Acetylcholine Esterase, Protein Modification and Ameliorates H2 O2 -Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Lymphocytes by Ajay Pal1, Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar2 , Bharat Bhushan*1, Vinod Saharan (Pharmacogn J. 2017; 9(3):302-309A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products)
(2) Toxic metals and oxidative stress part I: mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage by Ercal N1, Gurer-Orhan H, Aykin-Burns N.(PubMed)

The #Herbal #Butterbur Effects on #Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma Exacerbations, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Butterbur may have a potential effect in reducing airway hyperresponsiveness, one of 2 key pathophysiological features of asthma, some scientists found.

Airway hyperresponsiveness is a condition by an abnormal response of the airways to nonspecific stimuli, which results in airway obstruction.

It is also a reflection of an abnormally amplified response of airway nerves and mast cells to exogenous stimuli, as well as an intrinsic abnormality of the airway smooth muscle response.

Some researchers suggested, airway hyperresponsiveness is linked to both inflammation and repair of the airways and is partially reversible with therapy.

In fact, airway hyperresponsiveness can be objectively demonstrated by initiating the 20% fall in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after inhalation of histamine or methacholine) at a concentration below 8 mg/mL.

Although researchers do not know what causes hyperresponsiveness but they do know certain risk factors such as the sensitivity of airway nerves, mast cells, and smooth muscle by inflammatory mediators, along with loss of epithelial barrier function, reduced production of bronchoprotective factors, an intrinsic abnormality of airway smooth muscle, and structural changes to the airway, all are likely to play a part in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness.

In the understanding, of the relationship between symptoms of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness, researchers at McGill University conducted a cohort study, including 457 asthmatic children diagnosed at the age of 3 to 4 years, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).

In the final report of the experiment, the researcher wrote, "All patients with asthma persisting but not necessarily current symptoms of asthma have increased AHR,, which satisfies a proposed epidemiologic definition of asthma".


Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetlands, Riversides, forests, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere.

It has been used in herbal medicine used as a pain reliever in the digestive system, including the stomach, bile ducts, duodenum, etc.

The chemical constituents of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene, and ethylene, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin and iso-S-petasin, etc.

In finding a natural remedy for the treatment of asthma with no side effects, researchers examined the effect of herbal Petasites hybridus (butterbur) extract (Ze 339, PET) in the murine model of allergic airway disease (asthma).

In immunized BALB/c mice, PET showed a strongly inhibited allergic response. PET inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and eosinophil recruitment into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid upon allergen challenge but had no effect in the saline control mice.

At a concentration of 100 microg, PET revealed less inflammation, eosinophil recruitment, and mucus hyperproduction in the lung, by inhibiting the immune response (RANTES (CCL5)) and production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with asthma without affecting the levels of IgE and eotaxin serum, a marker of asthma.

Furthermore, in the assessment of S-isopetasin, an antimuscarinic sesquiterpene of Butterbur as
a bronchodilator in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma exacerbations, researchers showed

S-isopetasin exerted inhibitory effects similar to that of ipratropium bromide, a reference drug.

The duration of action of S-isopetasin (20 microM), also similar to that of ipratropium bromide (20 microM), was 3 h.

In contrast to ipratropium bromide, which non-selectively acts on muscarinic receptors, S-isopetasin preferentially acts on muscarinic M3 receptors.

Where Acetylcholine muscarinic M3 receptors (CHRM3) of the airway, expressed in the trachea and bronchi involved airway smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion in asthma patients.

And, Ipratropium bromide, sold under the trade name Atrovent among others, is used to open up the medium and large airways in the lungs.

(P(enh)) value is the probability of obtaining an effect at least as extreme as the one in the sample data, assuming the truth of the null hypothesis.

Taken together, herbal Butterbur may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and combined with other primary therapy for the treatment of asthma with no side effects.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Petasites extract Ze 339 (PET) inhibits allergen-induced Th2 responses, airway inflammation, and airway hyperreactivity in mice by Brattström A, Schapowal A, Maillet I, Schnyder B, Ryffel B, Moser R.(PubMed)
(2) Bronchodilatory effects of S-isopetasin, an antimuscarinic sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus, on obstructive airwayhyperresponsiveness by Lin LH, Huang TJ, Wang SH, Lin YL, Wu SN, Ko WC. (PubMed)
(3) Airway hyperresponsiveness and symptoms of asthma in a six-year follow-up study of childhood asthma by Gautrin D1, Lapierre JG, Malo JL, Infante-Rivard C.(PubMed)

#Healthyfood #Garlic Reduces the Risk of #Hypertension, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Garlic may be used as a chemopreventive and treatment agent against hypertension. In hypertension of 80-90% of patients with excess glucocorticoid levels, allicin found in garlic attenuated dexamethasone-induced anorexia and loss of total body weight.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia. It has been used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine in treating the common cold and flu to the Plague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotics, etc.

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means raising the pressure in your heart. If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.

Blood pressure medications have undoubtedly prevented many deaths from heart disease in the past 30 years, but they have many side effects such as damaging the kidney. If you can control your diet, such as making changes to your lifestyle, maintaining an ideal weight, and dieting with low salt, you could do just fine without the drugs.

In adult men and women, who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008 to 2012-2014), the intake of garlic is associated to reduce the risk of hypertension by up to 26%.

In support of the above, a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial conducted on 56 CAD patients, aged 25 - 75 years old also suggested that treatment with garlic-based drugs can be an effective treatment for controlling BP in CAD patients and has no interaction with other drugs that CAD patients take, after 3 months of administration.

Dr. Takashima M the lead author at the Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd said, "Aged garlic extract (AGE) is effective in reducing the blood pressure of hypertensive patients,......AGE induced the concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of isolated rat aortic rings that had been precontracted with norepinephrine"

In fact, in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Food Therapy, and Hypertension Control, garlic is the food recommended to be used to facilitate hypertension control. Based on a statistical analysis of antihypertensive foods recommended in 20 books on the application of food therapy for hypertension control.

Taken together, garlic may be used as preventive and controlling effects for patients with or without high blood pressure. Some researchers insisted that the garlic anti-hypertension effect may result from its anticoagulant property.


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Sources
(1) Antihypertensive effect of allicin in dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats by Dubey H1,2, Singh A1, Patole AM2, Tenpe CR2(PubMed)
(2) Allium vegetable intakes and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes in adults: a longitudinal follow-up study by Bahadoran Z1, Mirmiran P, Momenan AA, Azizi F.(PubMed)
(3) Does Garlic Supplementation Control Blood Pressure in Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease? A Clinical Trial Study by Mahdavi-Roshan M1, Nasrollahzadeh J1, Mohammad Zadeh A2, Zahedmehr A3. (PubMed)
(4) Traditional Chinese Medicine, Food Therapy, and Hypertension Control: A Narrative Review of Chinese Literature by Zou P1(PubMed)
(5) The anticoagulant rivaroxaban lowers portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats mainly by deactivating hepatic stellate cells by Vilaseca M1,2, García-Calderó H1,3, Lafoz E1,2, García-Irigoyen O3,4, Avila MA3,4, Reverter JC5, Bosch J1,2,3,6, Hernández-Gea V1,3, Gracia-Sancho J1,2,3, García-Pagán JC1,2,3(PubMed)

#Herbal #Artichoke Leaf #Extract (ALE) Increases the eNOS Gene Transcription Associated with a Reduced Risk of #CVD

Kyle J. Norton

Vasoprotection is a term characterized by protecting your blood vessel against the onset of heart disease and stroke.

Blood vessels formed part of the vascular or circulation system that transports the oxygen and nutrients blood to the body tissue and removes unnecessary waste products.

The circulation system also plays an essential role in transporting hormones to the body's needs.

The most common cause of an abnormal vascular system is the accumulation of plaque on the arterial wall due to the deposit of blood cholesterol and other substances such as calcium and cadmium, leading to the hardening and narrowing of the arteries over time.

Atherosclerosis is a disease associated with plaque that builds up inside the arteries, a major cause of heart disease and stroke.

Vascular disease can be serious. Blood clots can clog vessels and block blood flow to the heart or brain.


Some researchers suggested that widespread vascular disease in the Western world probably is associated with the promotion of the Western diet over the past few decades.

Dr. Rachel P Ogilvie, the lead scientist, in the examination of the Western diet in the risk of vascular disease, wrote, "Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a costly source of morbidity and mortality among older persons in the United States. Dietary intake plays a role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease".

And, "...greater meat consumption was associated with a higher risk".

Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.

The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as liver protective and detoxified agents, and to treat digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.

Researchers on the finding of a natural therapeutic with vasoprotective activity investigated investigate the effects of artichoke on iNOS expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC).

The study included HCASMC incubated with a cytokine mixture to induce nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) mRNA expression.

Application of an artichoke leaf extract (1-100 µg/mL, 6 h or 24 h) inhibited the levels of iNOS in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.

By inhibiting the expression of iNOS, the artichoke leaf extract also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine activation by iNOS.

Where nitric oxide synthases are a family of enzymes involved in the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine.

And, Nitric oxide (NO) induces an anti-inflammatory effect under normal physiological conditions. However, under abnormal conditions, NO is considered a pro-inflammatory mediator-induced inflammation.

In an additional analysis of the extract against NO in the induction of vascular inflammation and intimal hyperplasia, researchers found that the vasoprotection of the extract was attributed to the four well-known artichoke compounds including cynarin, cyanidin, luteolin, and cynaroside.


In other words, artichoke contains both endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS-exhibition and iNOS-inhibition compounds.

Where eNOS- is a critical regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis.

Furthermore, in order to reveal more information about nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) represents an antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic principle in the vasculature, researchers examined the effect of artichoke extract incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs),

According to the luciferase reporter gene assay, artichoke leaf extract (ALE) increased the activity of the human eNOS promoter in EA.hy 926 cells, a cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

By comparing the application of different doses used in the experiment, researchers found organic subfraction from ALE was more potent in this respect than the crude extract, whereas an aqueous subfraction of ALE was without effect in EA.hy 926 cells.


Furthermore, injection of ALE and the organic subfraction increased eNOS mRNA expression and eNOS protein expression both in EA.hy 926 cells and HUVECs.

Interestingly, the flavonoids luteolin and cynaroside increased eNOS promoter activity and eNOS mRNA expression, compared to no effect of caffeoylquinic acids cynarin and chlorogenic acid.

In other words, artichoke increased eNOS gene transcription for the protection of cardiovascular profile and was also attributed additionally to lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties.

Taken together, artichoke may be considered a functional remedy for the protection of blood vessels against the risk of cardiovascular disease with no side effects, pending to the validation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Artichoke, cynarin, and cyanidin downregulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human coronary smooth muscle cells by Xia N1, Pautz A1, Wollscheid U1, Reifenberg G1, Förstermann U1, Li H. (PubMed)
(2) Flavonoids from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) up-regulate endothelial-type nitric-oxide synthase gene expression in human endothelial cells by Li H1, Xia N, Brausch I, Yao Y, Förstermann U. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary intake and peripheral arterial disease incidence in middle-aged adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study by Rachel P Ogilvie, Pamela L Lutsey, Gerardo Heiss Aaron R Folsom, and Lyn M Steffen (Oxford)

#Bromelain Exerts Protective Effects Agaisnt the Onset of Allergic Airway Disease (AAD), Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Allergic asthma is the most common form, triggered by inhaling allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, pollen, or mold.

The condition, in most cases, is involved in the overreaction of the immune system against unharmful allergens, leading to the tightening of the muscle of the airway.

Most common allergens that facilitate the onset of allergic asthma, including pollen from trees, grasses, weeds, mold spores, and fragments, and animal dander.

Other conditions such as smoking, a fireplace, candles, incense, or fireworks, air pollution, and chemical fumes are also found to induce allergic asthma in the US.


Most common symptoms of allergic asthma are coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and tight chest.

Severe allergic asthma can also cause complications such as hives, mouth or facial swelling, and difficulty swallowing.

According to the Allergy and Asthma Network, 8.0 percent (19.1 million) of adults over age 18 in the U.S. have respiratory allergies, and 8.4 percent (6.1 million) of children in the U.S. have respiratory allergies.

Conventionally, medications used for treating allergic asthma are focused to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus), has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent to treat pains, strains, muscle aches, and pains and ease back pain, chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

With an aim to find a potential ingredient for the treatment of asthma, researchers examined the asthmatic protective of bromelain in C57BL/6J mice sensitized with OVA/alum and challenged with 7 days of OVA aerosol.

Selected mice included in the study received sBr 6 mg/kg/0.5 ml or PBS vehicle throughout sensitization.

According to the tested assays, sBr treatment throughout OVA-alum sensitization significantly reduced the development of allergic airway disease (AAD) by balancing the levels of BAL eosinophils and lymphocytes.

Furthermore, sBr decreased the levels of OVA-specific IgE and OVA TET(+) cells by inhibiting the elevated levels of CD11c(+) dendritic cell-associated with inflammation and CD44, a marker of inflammatory disease.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "These results provide additional insight into sBr's anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties and rationale for translation into the clinical arena".

In order to reveal more information about bromelain anti-asthmatic symptoms, researchers investigated the ability of bromelain in reducing the inflammation of preexisting asthma via ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of allergic airway disease (AAD).

Selected mice used in the study received either received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only or bromelain in PBS as the intervention group.

According to the results at the end of the experiment, bromelain treatment of AAD mice (bromelain group) showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity observed by reduced BAL total leukocytes (P < .05), eosinophils (P < .05), and cellular infiltrates via lung pathology, compared to the control.

Bromelain also significantly reduced BAL CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, an indication of normal immune activity without affecting cell numbers in the spleen or hilar lymph node.


In other words, bromelain inhibited allergic airway inflammation associated with the onset of asthma by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through modulating the immune function.

Dr. Secor ER Jr, the leads scientist wrote, "The results suggest that bromelain has a therapeutic effect in established AAD, which may translate into an effective adjunctive therapy in patients with similar conditions, such as allergic asthma, who have chosen to initiate treatment after the onset of symptoms".

Taken together, bromelain may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Bromelain limits airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of established asthma by Secor ER Jr1, Shah SJ, Guernsey LA, Schramm CM, Thrall RS. (PubMed)
(2) Bromelain Inhibits Allergic Sensitization and Murine Asthma via Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Secor ER Jr1, Szczepanek SM2, Castater CA3, Adami AJ2, Matson AP4, Rafti ET4, Guernsey L2, Natarajan P2, McNamara JT5, Schramm CM4, Thrall RS2, Silbart LK. (PubMed)

#Healthyfood #BroccoliSprout's #Sulforaphane, (SFN) Protects the Neurom Damage through Its Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activities, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Inflammation is the natural response of the immune system macrophages, the first line of defense in stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect our body against the infection caused by foreign microorganisms during the acute phase of body damage and injury.
Truly, the main focus of inflammation is to repair damage and injury.

Most cases of infection associated with inflammation are stopped at the acute phase. The wound or injury is slowly recovered.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 3 months is considered chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation is the result of the immune system's inability to kill off all the microorganisms that participated in the acute phase of infection, leading to the forming of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA and diabetes.

Inflammation also can be caused by overexpression of free radicals compared to the antioxidant enzymes in the body. This result can lead to an imbalance of the ratio of the levels of free radicals and antioxidants, the major cause of oxidative stress.

Airway inflammation is a lung inflammatory caused by both allergens and immune mistakenly attacks the respiratory tissues.

Chronic airway disease predominantly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased at an alarming rate in the US over the past 20 years.

According to the statistics provided by the WHO, globally, approximately 65 million people suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), causing the death of 3 million each year. and 334 million people suffer from asthma, affecting 14% of all children globally.

In the US, the prevalence of chronic airway disease was found to cause a major financial burden to society, with both direct and indirect costs.

Neutrophilic airway inflammation is a severe condition that plays a role in the progression of persistent airflow limitation in asthma and raises the possibility that this progression and the development of COPD.

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color with a mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant from the continent of Europe.

With an aim to find a natural food for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases, researchers examined the effect of sulforaphane, an active compound of broccoli anti-airway inflammation

The study included 16 subjects that were randomized, and fifteen subjects completed all visits.

According to the tested analysis, 3 days of broccoli sprout homogenate (BSH) significantly increased levels of SFN (p = 0.001) and its major metabolites. However, the BSH supplementation group showed no significant difference in sputum neutrophilia compared to the placebo.

Despite significantly increased plasma levels of SFN in the BSH group, post-O3 gene expression of NRF2 and phase II antioxidant defense genes in NECs and peripheral blood were not significantly different from placebo.

In other words, SFN with broccoli sprout homogenate in healthy human subjects did not induce the expression of antioxidant genes, NRF2.

Furthermore, BSH-induced high levels of SFN do not protect against neutrophilic airway inflammation in an ozone-exposure model.

Based on the results, researchers wrote, " These contradictory results may be due to different systemic levels of SFN achieved with dietary supplementation with BSH, which is not standardized"

And "However, because variability exists in the timing and methods of detection for SFN conjugate levels, it is difficult to compare systemic SFN levels across studies".

In other words, SFN protected the integrity of the neurons against neuron damage through its anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities.

Taken altogether, broccoli sprouts processed abundantly SFN may not be considered supplements for the prevention of neutrophilic airway inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of SFN in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) A proof-of-concept clinical study examining the NRF2 activator sulforaphane against neutrophilic airway inflammation by Duran CG1, Burbank AJ1, Mills KH1, Duckworth HR1, Aleman MM1, Kesic MJ2, Peden DB1, Pan Y3, Zhou H3, Hernandez ML. (PubMed)