#GreenTea #Extract #GTE and #EGCG Inhibit Dysfunction of Immobility and Restores Antioxidant Levels in Patients with #ChronicFatigueSyndrome

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a beverage's extract and bioactive compound for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), some studies suggested.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a medical disorder that cannot be explained by an underlying medical condition, characterized by persistently extreme fatigue that never goes away regardless of treatment.for at least 6 months.

The exact causes of chronic fatigue syndrome are unknown. However, some researchers suggested that the conditions are the results of viral infection and chronic stress syndrome.

The University of South Florida (USF Health) in the article "Chronic fatigue syndrome: The inherited virus can cause cognitive dysfunction and fatigue" wrote, "Medveczky's team discovered that untreated CIHHV-6 patients with CFS showed signs that the HHV-6 virus was actively replicating: determined by the presence of HHV-6 messenger RNA (mRNA), a substance produced only when the virus is active".

In the psychological aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome, Dr. Takakazu Oka at the International University of Health and Welfare wrote, "Psychological stress is involved in the CFS onset, exacerbation, and/or relapse, while early life stress acts as a risk factor toward the development of CFS in later life" and "CFS patients may have disrupted stress systems, including HPA axis hypofunction and ANS alterations characterized by sympathetic overactivity and low vagal tone. Individuals with CFS respond to psychological stress".

Some researchers also found that elimination diets, dietary restrictions, and the addition of nutritional supplements to the habitual diet may have a beneficial effect in reducing fatigue.

The randomized control trials, including pilot studies, compared a form of nutritional supplement with a placebo control suggested treatment of a combination of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) exerts a significant reduction of fatigue after 8 weeks, compared to placebo.

Green tea is a precious drink that processes a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

In the concerns of the oxidative stress in the exhibited CFS, researchers at Panjab University launched an investigation to examine the protective effect of green tea extract (GTE) and catechin in the mouse model of CFS.

CFS animals used in the study forced swimming test sessions of 6 minutes every day for 7 days demonstrated a significant increase in immobility time on successive days.

Treatment with GTE (25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and catechin (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days reversed the dysfunction of immobility.


Furthermore, the protection of green tea extract was correlated with the lowered levels of lipid peroxidation and restoration of reduced glutathione levels in the brains of fatigued mice.

These results suggested that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of CFS.

Dr. Singal A, the lead scientist said, "GTE and catechin could be used as potential agents in the management of CFS and warrant the inclusion of GTE and catechin in the treatment regimen of CFS patients".

Moreover, in the evaluation the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome involved increased oxide-nitrosative stress along with the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, in chronic fatigue rats induced by a plunge of a load of 10 ± 2% body weight and forced swim inside a rectangular jar daily for 28 days, researchers found that

* Before the application of EGCG, chronic fatigue rats exhibited significant behavioral alterations along with enhanced oxide-nitrosative stress and serum TNF-α level, compared to the naive group.

* Chronic treatment with EGCG restored all the behavioral and biochemical alterations associated with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Additionally, in the study of chronic fatigue induced in mice by subjecting them to forced swim inside a rectangular jar of specific dimensions for 6 min. daily for 15 days, researchers found that Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered daily for 30 min. before a forced swim session
* Increased oxidative-nitrosative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in the brain of mice before green tea administration compared with the naive group.

* These behavioral and biochemical alterations were restored after chronic treatment with EGCG.

Taken together, green tea extract (GTE) and its bioactive chemicals EGCG may have a therapeutic effect in reducing the risk and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.



Sources
(1) Green tea extract and catechin ameliorate chronic fatigue-induced oxidative stress in mice by Singal A1, Kaur S, Tirkey N, Chopra K.(PubMed)
(2) Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates behavioral and biochemical deficits in a rat model of load-induced chronic fatigue syndrome by Sachdeva AK1, Kuhad A, Chopra K.(PubMed)
(3) Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate in murine water-immersion stress model of chronic fatigue syndrome by Sachdeva AK1, Kuhad A, Tiwari V, Arora V, Chopra K.(PubMed)
(4) Chronic fatigue syndrome: Inherited virus can cause cognitive dysfunction and fatigue Date: July 26, 2013 Source: University of South Florida (USF Health)
(5) Influence of Psychological Stress on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Takakazu Oka

#Turmeric Inhibits InflammatoryCytokines Associated with the Onset of #RheumatoidArthritis, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a type of arthritis associated with inflammation that affects mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body.

The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the age of 40, causing the diminished quality of life of many older adults.

According to the CDC, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affect over 52 million adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions.

Rheumatoid Arthritis can induce bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation.

A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes.

The symptoms of RA that affect
* The feet and joints
Patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often associates with valgus deformities of the feet and deformities of gait due to body function in an effort to support the collapsing longitudinal arch of the foot.

* The gait
Dr. Weiss RJ. and the research team at the Karolinska Institutet showed that the kinematic and kinetic gait changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are the result of a significant reduction in joint motions, joint moments, such as decreased hip flexion-extension range, hip abduction, knee flexion-extension range,

* The hands
The deformation of RA's hands can be described through the defects of bone ankylosis as a result of bone damage to the prolonged onset of the disease.

* The Muscle strength
The reduced muscle strength in patients with RA may contribute to the prevalence of functional limitations physically,

Other symptoms of RA include
* Rheumatoid Nodules
Rheumatoid nodules, lumps on the skin, closed to the joint have been found to affect the joints of patients with rheumatoid nodules.

* Conjunctival nodules
Although is rare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the appearance of the nodules may exhibit the
severity of the underlying disease.

Morning stiffness
Morning stiffness, as a marker of inflammatory activity in reflecting functional disability and pain is a very common symptom of patients in early rheumatoid arthritis.

If you have some of the aforementioned symptoms, you may have RA. Please make sure you check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

With an aim to find the potential treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), researchers investigated the protective activity of two different doses of a mixture of ginger and turmeric rhizomes powder suspended in distilled water (GTaq) against inflammation in an animal model.

Rats adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) by a single intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of Complete Freund's adjuvant (containing heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis) into the palmar surface of the left hind paw were given orally and daily (for 28 consecutive days) distilled water as vehicle, indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg body weight), or GTaq (200 or 400 mg/kg body weight) from the day of arthritis induction.

Suspended in distilled water (GTaq) is more effective (4.2-38.4% higher, P < 0.05-0.001) than indomethacin (a non-steroidal/anti-inflammatory drug) in alleviating the loss in body weight gain, the histopathological changes in ankle joints.

Blood leukocytosis and thrombocytosis associated with the inflammation are also reduced by being suspended in distilled water (GTaq).

Rish factors involved in the risk of cardiovascular disease and kidney damage rats' adjuvant-induced arthritis were also decreased by the injection of GTaq.

Further differentiation of the anti-RA activity of GTaq, researchers found that the efficacy of the mixture was attributed to increasing the food intake and decreasing the systemic inflammation associated with the inhibition of polyarthritis, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia.
Based on the findings, researchers said, "Ginger-turmeric rhizomes mixture may be effective against RA severity and complications as shown in an AIA rat model".


In order to obtain more information about turmeric anti-RA activity, researchers investigated the curcuminoid-containing turmeric extracts in the prevention or treatment of arthritis using streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis.

According to the tested assays, essential oil-depleted turmeric fraction containing 41% of the three major curcuminoids was efficacious in preventing joint inflammation at the start of the disease but not after, the onset of joint inflammation.


Interestingly, compared to other curcumin treatment groups, a commercial sample containing 94% of the three major curcuminoids was more potent in preventing arthritis in the same dose per weight.

These results strongly suggested only the three major curcuminoids found in the turmeric process antiarthritic effect, compared to the treatment of the whole food.

In other words, all compounds except three major curcuminoids of the crude turmeric extract may inhibit this protective effect.

Taken together, turmeric used alone or combined with other herbal medicines may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of RA, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
rheumatoid arthritis
(1) Protective effects of ginger-turmeric rhizomes mixture on joint inflammation, atherogenesis, kidney dysfunction and other complications in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis by Ramadan G1, El-Menshawy O. (PubMed)
(2) Turmeric extracts containing curcuminoids prevent experimental rheumatoid arthritis by Funk JL1, Oyarzo JN, Frye JB, Chen G, Lantz RC, Jolad SD, Sólyom AM, Timmermann BN. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Chamomile Processes Anti-Hypertensive Activity, Researchers Reveal

Kyle J. Norton

Chamomile may be the next potential herbal medicine for reduced risk and treatment of hypertension, new studies suggested.

Chamomile is also known as camomile, the common name of many species of daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae, used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means raising the pressure in your heart. If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.

According to the UFRPNPE B. P., Chamaemelum Nobile aqueous extract (CNAE) exhibited a hypotensive effect in high blood pressure rats.

Dr. Zeggwagh NA, the lead researcher said, " Single oral administration of CNAE (140 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) after 24 h of the administration " and "Daily oral administration of CNAE (140 mg/kg) during 3 weeks produced a significant reduction in SBP in the day 8 (p < 0.01) of treatment"

In fact, chamomile is not one of the herbals recommended for the treatment of hypertension. but I do believe, the antihypertensive property of chamomile may attribute to its antiplatelet and cholesterol-lowering activities.

Ellen Douglas, not the researcher in the study said, "Chamomile is not one of the specific recommended alternative therapies to address high blood pressure. But for people who experience blood pressure spikes due to stress, the tea may contribute indirect benefits".


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Sources
(1) Hypotensive effect of Chamaemelum nobile aqueous extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats by Zeggwagh NA1, Moufid A, Michel JB, Eddouks M.(PubMed)
(2) Effectiveness of chamomile tea on glycemic control and serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes by Rafraf M1, Zemestani M2, Asghari-Jafarabadi M3. (PubMed)
(3) Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs by Abebe W1.(PubMed)

#Sulforaphane (SFN) Found in #CruciferousVegetables Processes Anti-Glioblastoma Progression Activity, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive cancers that begins within the brain.
According to statistics, most patients diagnosed with cancer die within 12 to 15 months. Less than 5% of patients are survived longer than five years.

If you are male you are at 1.5 higher risks of glioblastoma, compared to the female's counterpart.

The causes of glioblastoma are unknown, some researchers suggested that genetic preposition and environmental factors, previous radiotherapy, a weakened immune system may be some risk factors associated with the onset of the disease.

Most cases of GBM are diagnosed at an older age with a median age of 64.

Although the disease does not have some specific symptoms, it shares the common symptoms of other types of cancer such as gastrointestinal discomforts accompanied by personality changes, and symptoms similar to those of a stroke.

Most patients with GBM experience symptoms of brain swelling caused by the overexpression of the fluid surrounding the tumor.

Conventionally, due to the nature of rapid growth, surgery is necessary to relieve the brain pressure and remove the tumor as much as possible, followed by radiation and chemotherapy.

According to the statistics, in the US, the incidence affects mostly the elderly with a diagnosed rate of 3.19 per 100,000 persons. The disease is rare in children.

GBM is deadly, patients with GBM have a median survival of less than one year and less than 2% of patients survive three years or more.

Cruciferous vegetables are a group of vegetables, belongings to the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivated all over the world in suitable climate for commercial profits, including cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and green leafy vegetables.

In finding potential and natural foods that process neuroprotective property, researchers investigated the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from cruciferous vegetables against glioblastoma (GBM) progression.

According to the tested analysis, the application of SFN in GBM showed to induce apoptosis and to inhibit both growth and invasion of GBM cells [78].

Furthermore, SFN can overcome the chemoresistance of tumor cells.

The efficacy of SFN against the progression of glioblastoma (GBM) was attributed to the phytochemicals that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumor mass by inhibiting the functions of MMP-9 in GBM in mediating the BBB alternation.

Furthermore, SFN also demonstrated strong activity in the induction of cancer cell apoptosis and anti-cancer cell proliferation and the protection of healthy neurons.

Moreover, SFN also induces apoptosis of GBM cells by increasing ROS levels in the cancer cells and inhibiting cancer cell migration and/or invasion.


In combination with the chemo drug, SFN improved the function of the drug and reduce the chemoresistance of GBM without conferring significant toxicity to normal cells.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " ...the results of these studies support further investigations using SFN in animal models of GBM.


Taken together, dietary cruciferous vegetables may be considered functional remedies for the prevention and treatment of GBM, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sulforaphane from Cruciferous Vegetables: Recent Advances to Improve Glioblastoma Treatment by Sita G1, Hrelia P2, Graziosi A3, Morroni F. (PubMed)

#Regular Intake of #Herbal #Cayenne Inhibits Diseases Associated with Infection and Inflammation, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises the body's defense system against diseases, including inflammation.

Cayenne, has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation caused by the invasion of microbial organisms and allergens.

Red pepper (Capsicum baccatum) extracts, according to the study by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), exerted its anti-inflammatory properties through in inhibiting the neutrophil migration induced by carrageenan (Cg).

In an animal study, the ethanolic and butanol extracts (200mg/kg, p.o.) presented a significant anti-inflammatory activity through their antioxidant phenolic and flavonoid compounds against oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes, including airway inflammation.

β-Defensin, members of the antimicrobial peptide found in cayenne inhibited the expression of the mRNA of anti-inflammatory cytokine during the bacterial invasion, through stimulating immunomodulatory effects.

Other research suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect induced by red pepper may be by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production at the inflammatory sites, such as the upper airway.

Regular intake of Cayenne pepper can improve the immune system against microbial infection and reduce the risk of airway inflammation but overdose is found to induce toxicity.

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Sources
(1) Red Pepper (Capsicum baccatum) Extracts Present Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vivo and Inhibit the Production of TNF-α and NO In Vitro by Allemand A1,2, Leonardi BF1, Zimmer AR1, Moreno S3, Romão PR2, Gosmann G1.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory effects of red pepper (Capsicum baccatum) on carrageenan- and antigen-induced inflammation by Spiller F1, Alves MK, Vieira SM, Carvalho TA, Leite CE, Lunardelli A, Poloni JA, Cunha FQ, de Oliveira JR. (PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Capsicum baccatum: from traditional use to scientific approach by Zimmer AR1, Leonardi B, Miron D, Schapoval E, Oliveira JR, Gosmann G.(PubMed)
(4) Defensin γ-thionin from Capsicum chinense has immunomodulatory effects on bovine mammary epithelial cells during Staphylococcus aureus internalization by Díaz-Murillo V1, Medina-Estrada I1, López-Meza JE1, Ochoa-Zarzosa A2. (PubMed)

#Emodin Combined with #Ampicillin or Oxacillin Process a Strong Anti-Bacterial Activity, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, its bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.

The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Besides foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play an important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.

The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality. Emodin (EM), the major component found in Cascara Sagrada and many other plants combined with ampicillin (AM) or oxacillin (OX) have a showed positive effects against all strains of bacteria resulting in a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ranging from 0.37-0.5 and from 0.37-0.75, respectively. Other in the study of the effect of glycoside on the antibacterial activity of aloin, showed Aloe-emodin (inhibition diameter < 5.0 mm), changed the morphology of E. coli, and damaged the outer cell structure.



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References
(1) Synergistic effect of emodin in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.by Lee YS, Kang OH, Choi JG, Oh YC, Keum JH, Kim SB, Jeong GS, Kim YC, Shin DW, Kwon DY.(PubMed)
(2) [Relationship between antibacterial activity of aloe and its anthaquinone compounds].
[Article in Chinese] by Tian B, Hua YJ, Ma XQ, Wang GL.(PubMed)

#Cucumber's Bioactive Compound Cucurbitacin B (CuB) Inhibits Pathways Associated with Anti-Hyperglycemia in Diabetes, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Hypoglycemia is abnormally high blood glucose levels in the bloodstream in diabetes.
Most cases of hyperglycemia are associated with poor management of blood sugar levels as a result of poor diet and poor practice of medicine intake and insulin injection.

Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes caused by the inability of the body to convert glucose to energy or make the hormone insulin.

The most common and early signs of hyperglycemia are increased thirst and/or hunger, frequent urination, sugar in your urine, and fatigue.

In severe cases, patients with hyperglycemia may also experience symptoms of headache and blurred vision.

Long-term untreated hyperglycemia may induce complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, ner, es, and heart.


In severe cases, hyperglycemia can also lead to serious complications that require emergency care, such as a diabetic coma.

Women who are nondiabetics before pregnancy and experience gestation hyperglycemia are likely to develop diabetes in the latter days.

Believe it or not, hyperglycemia can also occur in people without diabetes due to stress. According to the study, people who are nondiabetics and experience abnormally high blood glucose are most likely to develop diabetes later in life.

According to the statistics, In 2015, approximately 30.3 million Americans, or 9.4% of the population, had diabetes. Approximately 1.25 million American children and adults have type 1 diabetes.

Some researchers suggested that by changing lifestyle with moderate exercise, hyperglycemia can be manageable in type II diabetes.

Dr. Salwa W. Rizkalla wrote, " Only 4 weeks of a (low GI diet) LGI diet was able to improve glycemic control, glucose utilization, some lipid profiles, and the capacity for fibrinolysis in type 2 diabetes. Even if changes in glycemic control were modest during the 4-week period, the use of an LGI diet in a longer-term manner might play an important role in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related disorders"

The cucumber plant is a species of Cucumis Sativus, belongings to the family Cucurbitaceae and native to Western Asia. It is a creeping vine with roots in the ground and grows up with the support of frames.

With an aim to find a natural ingredient for the prevention of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes, researchers examined the effect of Cucurbitacin B (CuB) isolated from cucumber-induced hypoglycemic effect in an animal model.

In mice-induced diabetes, administration of Cucurbitacin B (CuB) composed of triterpenoid structure stimulated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway which has been found to contribute to the correction of insulin resistance overexpression in hyperglycemia.

CuB also ameliorated hyperglycemia not only by activating intestinal AMPK levels and also by inducing the production of plasma GLP-1 associated with the improvement of insulin-releasing by pancreatic β-cells.

However, GLP-1 mimetic medicines although exerted a similar effect compared to that of natural GLP-1, it induced clinical side effects, such as autoimmune hepatitis, acute kidney injury, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.

Interestingly, the efficacy of the hypoglycemic activity of CuB decreased significantly in dorsomorphin- (a selective inhibitor of the BMP pathway involved in the expression of cytokines) injected mice and α-gustducin null mice.

In differentiated NCI-H716 cell line, CuB inhibited hyperglycemia involved in the activation of AMPK through α-gustducin and Gβγ-signaling of taste receptors in signaling secretion of incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).

Where taste receptors are found in several organs including the tongue to colon and have diverse functions dependent on specific cell types.

In enteroendocrine L cells, stimulated taste receptor signaling plays a critical role in inducing incretin hormones, including GLP-1.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "CuB represents novel hypoglycemic agents by activation of AMPK and stimulation of GLP-1 in differentiated enteroendocrine L-cells".

Taken altogether, cucumber-processed high levels of CuB may be used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetics, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of CuB in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cucurbitacin B Induces Hypoglycemic Effect in Diabetic Mice by Regulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Alpha and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 via Bitter Taste Receptor Signaling by Kim KH1,2, Lee IS1,2, Park JY1,2, Kim Y1,2, An EJ1,2, Jang HJ. (PubMed)
(2) Improved Plasma Glucose Control, Whole-Body Glucose Utilization, and Lipid Profile on a Low-Glycemic Index Diet in Type 2 Diabetic Men by





Salwa W. Rizkalla, MD, PHD12,
Laika Taghrid, MD1,
Muriel Laromiguiere, PharmD, PHD3,
Dorothée Huet, MD1,
Josette Boillot, PHD1,
Aude Rigoir, RN1,
Fabienne Elgrably, MD1 and
Gerard Slama, MD. (the American Diabetes Association)