#Herbal #Burdock Processes Anti Bacterial Activities Against the Growth of All the Microorganisms, Scientists Say

Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Burdock may be the next pharmaceutical target to extract a single ingredient for the treatment of infectious diseases, some scientists found.
Infectious diseases are a class of diseases caused by the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi.

Bacteria is a type of biological cell consisting of a single cell with a simple internal structure.

The most common diseases caused by bacteria include strep throat, urinary tract infections, and tuberculosis.

Infection occurs when the bacteria successfully invade the body and start to multiply. Most cases of infectious disease caused by bacteria are treated with antibiotics.

And, most cases of infectious disease are transmitted by airborne you can get sick if you breathe into the air that carries infectious bacteria in air particles, vector-borne if you are stunk by the insect that the bacteria and vehicle-borne if you are eating food or carrying the materials contaminated by the bacteria.

Most cases of bacterial invasion are met with the first line of immune white blood cells. In the active division of bacteria in the acute phase of infection, the immune system response activated the production of the proinflammatory cytokine to the site of infection with an aim to kill off all bacteria.


However, if the immune fail to kill off all the bacteria within the 3 - 8 weeks period, it then will adapt to the change, leading to chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases.


Not all bacteria are bad, some play an important role to boost immune function. Dr. Hsin-Jung Wu, the lead author in the study on the effect of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity, said, " The gut microbiota that resides in the gastrointestinal tract provides essential health benefits to its host, particularly by regulating immune homeostasis" and " gut microbiota regulates innate and adaptive immune homeostasis, which in turn can affect the development of not only intestinal but also systemic autoimmune diseases:.

In other words, gut microbiota promotes and balances the immune system in eliminating invading pathogens, while still maintaining self-tolerance to avoid autoimmunity, the critical role of the immune system for the body’s health.


Burdock is a plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro.

The plant has been used over thousands of years in China and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and blood-purifying agent and to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers, and other digestive problems.

In finding a natural ingredient or whole foods to replace the conventional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infection, the research team of infectious diseases at the University of Ribeirão Preto evaluated the antibacterial activity of a phytotherapeutic agent prepared from an ethyl acetate fraction (AcOEt) extracted from Arctium lappa.

The study includes 27 maxillary canines inoculated with a mixed bacterial suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mutants, and Candida albicans.

The teeth were divided into three groups and their canals filled with:
* Group 1: calcium hydroxide and propylene glycol;

* Group 2, a paste containing AcOEt fraction of A. lappa and propylene glycol; and

* Group 3, propylene glycol (control).

Observation of the 7, 14 and 30 days, when three teeth from each group were opened, researchers found that group 2 treated by the Burdock extract showed a severe growth at 7 days, but no growth at 14 and 30 days, compared to mild growth in group 1 and control.

These results clearly indicated the phytotherapeutic agent extracted from an AcOEt fraction of the herbal Burdock process has a strong antibacterial activity against the growth of all the microorganisms.

In bacterial straits Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans used for the investigation of the antimicrobial activity of rough extracts from leaves of Arctium lappa and their phases, researchers at the University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP) showed some bioactive compounds with chemical structures of different polarities were found to exert the effect of the extract through different phases of inhibition, depending on the target microorganisms.


Dr. Holetz FB, the lead scientist at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá in the investigation of the ethnobotanical use of the herbal species for the treatment of various infectious diseases, explained, herbal Burdock, one of the Brazilian folk medicine that may be used for the treatment of chronic infectious diseases induced by bacteria and yeasts.

Herbal Burdock was one of 13 herbal medicine studied for its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.

The evidence showed that herbal Burdock processed with abundant bioactive constituents may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases without inducing any side effects.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References.
(1) In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa as a phytotherapeutic agent used in intracanal dressings by Gentil M, Pereira JV, Sousa YT, Pietro R, Neto MD, Vansan LP, de Castro França S.(PubMed)
(2) Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections by Pereira JV, Bergamo DC, Pereira JO, França Sde C, Pietro RC, Silva-Sousa YT. (PubMed)
(3) Screening of some plants used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases by Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, Cortez DA, Nakamura CV, Filho BP. (PubMed)

#AloeVera and Aloe-Emodin Processs Anti #Cancer Activity Involving Proteins Associated with Cell Death Programming, Anti-Cancer Prefiltration and Survival, Researchers Find

Kyle J. Norton

Aloe Vera may be the next target for pharmaceutical companies to extract a single ingredient for the treatment of cancers, some scientists suggested.
Cancers are a class of medical diseases associated with cell growth irregularly and disorderly in some specific tissue and organs.

Most cancer starts at the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the organ's tissue. At the later stage, cancer cells can be found in the deeper layers of the infected organ.

In the advanced stage, malignant cells can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissue and organ through the circulation of fluids and blood.

The causes of cancer are the results of the alternation of healthy cell DNA. Researchers do not why the health cells' DNA is alternated.

Normally, healthy cells undergo a certain number of cell cycle divisions and then die. In a cancerous cell, cell division undergoes indefinitely.

According to the statistic, approximately 38.4% of men and women will be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lifetimes.


The genetic mutation of the cancer cell may be associated with certain risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggested that long-term exposure to carcinogens, the increase in age, gender, inherited genetic defects, and skin type can increase the risk the cancer onset.

The most common and general symptoms of cancer are unintended weight loss, lump, fatigue, loss of appetite, and persistent localized symptoms and localized pain in the later stage.

If you experience some of the above symptoms, please check with your doctor the right way to rule out the possibility of cancer.

Out of a number of the risk factor, the genetic preposition has been under intensive study by many scientists.

Dr. Eric T, the lead author in the study of genetic implication on cancer risk said, "Genetic testing for inherited cancer risk is now widely used to target individuals for screening and prevention" and

"Overall, 17,340 PVs were identified in 17,000 (6.7%) of the tested individuals. The pathogenic variants (PV) positive rate was 9.8% among individuals with a personal cancer history, compared to 4.7% in unaffected individuals. PVs were most common in BRCA1/2 (42.2%), other breast cancer (BR) genes (32.9%), and the LS genes (13.2%)".


These results clearly stated that people who carry certain mutated genes are at a substantial risk of cancer onset, compared to those who do not.

Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits.

Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of diseases, including wounds, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, etc.

It is also one of many popular herbs studied in scientific ways with some conflicting results.

The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera are amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols.

They all work together in a synergistic way to create healing and health-giving benefits, according to Gertrude Baldwin in the article THE BENEFITS OF THE USE OF ALOE VERA IN HERBAL PREPARATIONS.

In the finding, a natural ingredient for the treatment of breast cancer without inducing side effects, researchers at the National Chung Hsing University conducted a study to compare the efficacy of Emodin and Aloe-Emodin, the major bioactive compound found in herbal Aloe Vera.

By analyzing the estrogenic activity as phytoestrogens on the estrogen receptor α (ER α ) activation and breast cancer cell growth, the application of both emodin and aloe-emodin is capable of inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation by reducing the ER α protein levels which have been found in high levels in patients with breast cancer thereby suppressing ER α transcriptional (mRNA) activation.

High expression of ERα mRNA is found associated with patients with breast cancer.


Breast cancer treatment with aloe-emodin also decreases the expression of the levels of ERα associated with the protein that stimulates the division of breast cancer cells by increasing cancer cell degradation.

The efficacy of aloe-emodin inhibited breast cancer proliferation and induced apoptosis is attributed to the breaking down of the cytoplasm of ER α protein in the breast cancer cells.

The results suggested that aloe-emodin suppressed breast cell proliferation emodin by targeting ER α protein expression through distinct mechanisms.

Further demonstration of the effect of aloe-emodin on the risk of cancer, researchers examined whether aloe-emodin exerts a similar effect on the growth of human cervical cancer cells, HeLa.

Human cervical cancer cells, HeLa used in the experiment were treated with different doses of aloe-emodin for 1-5 days,.

Measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, aloe-emodin displays significant effects in the inhibition of the growth of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging between 2.5 and 40 micromol/L.

Aloe-emodin induces HeLa cell death by disrupting the cell cycle division at the G2/M phase, according to the flow cytometric analysis.

The effects of aloe-emodin inhibited the human by increasing the expression of proteins associated with cell death programming and reducing the expression of proteins associated with cancer prefiltration and survival.

Most importantly, after taking into account co and confounders, researchers discovered, aloe-emodin also activates the enzyme associated with the break of the protein of ER α and deactivates the enzyme associated with cell proliferation

Taken together, Aloe vera with the abundant aloe-emodin may be considered a functional food for the prevention and an adjunct therapy combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of cancer without inducing adverse effects.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(2) Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition.
Huang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)
(3) Growth inhibitory effects of gastric cancer cells with an increase in S phase and alkaline phosphatase activity repression by aloe-emodin. by Guo J, Xiao B, Zhang S, Liu D, Liao Y, Sun Q.(PubMed)
(4) Anticancer effect of aloe-emodin on cervical cancer cells involves G2/M arrest and induction of differentiation. by Guo JM, Xiao BX, Liu Q, Zhang S, Liu DH, Gong ZH. (PubMed)
(5) Clinical testing with a panel of 25 genes associated with increased cancer risk results in a significant increase in clinically significant findings across a broad range of cancer histories (Research Gate)

Symptoms of the Body's Organ Toxicity, Researchers Show

Kyle J. Norton

Our body toxins are removed by some vital organs such as the liver, kidney, and skin.
If one of these organs starts to malfunction, others must take the toxins and remove them.

In cases of our body cannot completely remove all the toxins, toxins will be accumulated in the organs and tissue, leading to the weakening of organs and tissue function in the induction of chronic diseases.

1. The Liver
The liver plays a major role in metabolism.
It is among the few internal human organs capable of the natural regeneration of lost tissue.
The liver has a vital function in removing toxins in our body, such as an overdose of medication, vitamin A, and other substances damaging normal function.
Symptoms of a weakened liver include:
a) Arthritis
b) Pale or Brittle nails
c) Unable to sleep
d) Bitter taste in the mouth
e) Limited muscle flexibility

Some herbal medicine may have a significant effect to promote liver function by eliminating toxins from our body including, milk thistle, a flowering plant of the daisy family that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of chronic liver disease.

The herbal medicine contains silymarin with impressive functions in protected liver function and expelled liver toxins.

In a study to compare Cirsium japonicum DC's flavonoids, liver protection against liver toxicity using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) with silymarin as a positive control, researchers after taking into account of other co and founders found that silymarin exerts a clear hepatoprotective effect similar to those of Cirsium japonicum DC's flavonoids against toxins caused by injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)(1)


2. The Kidneys
Works together with the Liver in removing toxins from our diet including an overdose of medication through urinary extraction.

The kidneys also make hormones that control blood pressure, bone maintenance, and the production of red blood cells. Most cases of kidney disease are caused by high blood pressure, kidney inflammation, and hardening of arterial walls.

Symptoms of a weakened kidney include:
a) Sexual dysfunction
b) Mental retardation
c) Low-grade back pain
d) The weakness of the knee and leg
e) Frequent urination


According to the University of Southern California, antioxidant phenolic compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, unsaturated organic acids, and lignans; circulation-enhancing compounds like saponins, and basic alkaloids with multiple targets (G-protein coupled receptors) may have a profound and positive effect in improved kidney function(2).

The other compounds with properties in the exertion of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities may also be included in these groups, such as fatty acids like linoleic (n-6) and α-linolenic (n-3) acids(2).

And these compounds can be found in many Chinese herbal plants(2).

Dr. Lien EJ, the lead author said, "Attention is also drawn to the plants containing nephrotoxic aristolochic acid. Different directions of future research are also presented. We hope that this review may provide some leads for a new drug (with kidney protective effect ) discovery and development, and more rational application of TCM"(2)...


3. The Skin
Skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues.

It also is the third system with a function to expel toxins from our body, if the liver and kidney cannot completely remove them.

Symptoms of toxic skin include:
a) Skin rashes caused by vitiligo and psoriasis
b) Red, itchy rash
c) Inflammation
d) Temporary disability

Duchesnea indica (Rosaceae family), used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of varieties of diseases and syndromes may have a potential effect in protecting skin against toxic substance accumulation.

According to the Kangwon National University, methanolic extract of D. indica (DIM) protected the skin toxicity through increasing the antioxidant levels of the host by utilizing antioxidants in the extract and antioxidants produced enzymes in the body tissue.

Dr. Hu W, the lead scientist said, "Pretreatment of CCD-986Sk cells with methanolic extract of D. indica (DIM) improved the cell viability, enhanced activity of catalase, and decreased the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H(2)O(2) injured cells"(3).

4. The Intestine (except the colon)
Intestine includes 2 parts
* The small intestine is further subdivided into the doudenum, jejunum, and ileum. it helps to digest materials passing through and from where nutrients are absorbed.

* The large intestine is subdivided into the cecum and colon with the unique function in absorbed water from digested material and any nutrients that may have escaped primary digestion in the ileum.
Symptoms of dysfunction of the intestine include:
a) Abdominal pain
b) Peripheral vision losses, night vision losses
c) Weight loss
d) Upset stomach, fever, earache, headache
e) Bowel obstruction
f) Muscle spasms and cramps

Sipjeondaebo-tang, a traditional herbal medicine formula, used to improve the immune system against the invasion of foreign pathogens., may be a potential herbal medicine in promoting gastrointestinal performance.

Application of Sipjeondaebo-tang water extract (SDTW; 200 mg/kg of body weight) to rats 2 h before the oral administration of absolute ethanol to induced gastric mucosal injury exerted a gastric protective effect by decreased the damage via conditioning the gastric mucosa, such as hemorrhage, hyperemia(4).

The results of these activities were observed by significantly reduced MDA concentration and increased GSH contents and the activities of antioxidant enzymes(4).

Dr. Woo-Young Jeon, the lead scientist said, "In an acute toxicity study, no adverse effects of SDTW were observed at doses up to 5000 mg/kg/day"(4).

5. The Colon
The colon is the last portion of the digestive system.

It also has the function of extracting water and salt from solid waste before eliminating them from the anus.

Symptoms of a malfunctioning colon include:
a) Memory loss
b) Inability to concentrate and confusion
c) Joint pain
d) Weakening the colon's ability to properly eliminate all the waste materials
f) Autointoxication or self-poisoning.


The composition of extracts of 3 herbs medicine (Atractylodis Rhizoma Macrocephalae, Massa Medicata Fermentata, and Dolichoris Semen) has been known to exert GI protective activities
According to the study in the evaluation of gut microbial niche by antibiotics like neomycin in produced gastrointestinal (GI) disorders conducted by the Dongguk University-Seoul, application of mixture augmented stool water content, decreased fecal population of Lactobacillus spp., changed the histology of intestine without inducing inflammation, reduced the colonic expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1, a marker of presence of bacteria, against neomycin-induced digestive dysfunction(5).

Dr. Bose S, the lead author said, "The combined treatment with any of the above agents ameliorated the histological changes of cecum and colon in neomycin-treated rats, and the magnitude of this effect was probiotic > HF-2 > HF-1"(5).

6. The Blood
If the liver, kidney, and skin cannot completely remove toxins, they will be accumulated in the bloodstream, causing inflammation of blood vessels and buildup of plaque.

Symptoms of poisoned blood include:
a) Illusion
b) Confusion
c) Black Stew
d) Black skin
e) Inflammation

According to the Dongguk University Seoul, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Massa Medicata Fermentata, and Dolichoris Semen are Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatment of symptoms induced by inflammation.

In LPS-mediated inflammatory insult, either individually in vitro using RAW264.7 cells or in combination in vivo using rats, application of individual herb exerted a significant anti-inflammatory activity through strongly attenuated the blood endotoxin and CRP levels, as well as the gut permeability, and significantly augmented the intestinal Lactobacillus spp. colonization in LPS-treated rats(6).

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to produce endotoxic shock by triggering systemic inflammatory responses.

7. Lung
The lung is the essential respiration organ with function in transported oxygen into the bloodstream and released carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere.

Symptoms of a weakened lung include:
a) Build-up of mucus
b) Irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, lips, and tongue
c) Blockage of the airway
d) Sudden illness
e) A chronic cough
f) Tiredness or depression


In the study to analyze whether Esculentoside A (EsA), a saponin isolated from the Chinese herb Phytolacca esculenta with lung protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) researchers at the Jilin University found that injection of EsA shows marked effects by reducing inflammatory infiltration, thickening of the alveolar wall, and pulmonary congestion and decreases levels of tumor necrosis factor α and inflammatory factor interleukin 6 which are elevated by LPS(7).

After taking into account other co and con confounders, Dr. Zhong WT, the lead researcher said, "EsA suppressed inflammatory responses in LPS-induced ALI through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways"(7).

Nuclear factor kappa B are signaling proteins with a function in the activated production of inflammatory cytokines.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways are family of proteins with functions involved numbers of fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, motility, stress response, apoptosis, and survival.



Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Hepatoprotective effect of flavonoids from Cirsium japonicum DC on hepatotoxicity in comparison with silymarin by Ma Q1, Wang LH, Jiang JG(PubMed)
(2) Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants with kidney protective activities by Lien EJ1, Lien LL, Wang R, Wang J.(PubMed)
(3) Protective effect of the methanolic extract from Duchesnea indica against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo by Hu W1, Han W, Huang C, Wang MH(PubMed)
(4) Gastroprotective effect of the traditional herbal medicine, Sipjeondaebo-tang water extract, against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury by Woo-Young Jeon, In-Sik Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo Shin, and Mee-Young Lee(PubMed)
(5) Intestinal Protective Effects of Herbal-Based Formulations in Rats against Neomycin Insult by Bose S1, Han KW, Lee MJ, Kim H(PubMed)
(6) In vitro and in vivo protective effects of fermented preparations of dietary herbs against lipopolysaccharide insult by Bose S1, Song MY, Nam JK, Lee MJ, Kim H(PubMed)
(7) Protective effect of esculentoside A on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. by Zhong WT1, Jiang LX, Wei JY, Qiao AN, Wei MM, Soromou LW, Xie XX, Zhou X, Ci XX, Wang DC. (PubMed)

#Healthyfood #Cruciferousvegetables Suppress Inflammatory Activation of Vascular Cells Against the Onset of #Diabetic Vascular and Atherosclerosic Complications, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Conventional medicine has tried for years to synthesize the effect of many herbal plants for the treatment of diseases, since the discovery of penicillin the first antibiotic extracted from a very primitive plant, the fungus Penicillium, in 1928, used for the treatment of infection.

However, the findings have drawn many criticisms, as a single ingredient isolated from herb through synthetic version for patent right and commercial profit has induced some serious side effects.

Some researchers suggested that by using a single ingredient to treat one ailment, conventional medicine may exhibit several side effects and conditions if such medications are taken in the long term.

According to traditional Chinese medicine, the single and synthetic version of conventional medicine is so powerful, long-term intake may cause damage to the kidney such as antibiotics, diuretics,...
and liver, such as statins, antibiotics......

According to Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, long-term use of some high blood pressure drugs is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women(8).

But many researchers have raised the question of herbal quality, because geographic differences, time of growth and harvest, etc. may affect their's potency.

Cruciferous vegetable consumption regularly may be beneficiary in reducing the risk of diabetic vascular complications, some scientists suggested.

Cruciferous vegetables are a group of vegetable belongings to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy,.... and broccoli.

Diabetic vascular complications are caused by a diverse group of highly oxidant compounds(advanced glycation end(AGEs) produced by modern heat-processed diet, inducing pathogenic significance in diabetes and several other chronic diseases.

Patients with diabetes are associated with intense levels of advanced glycation end products. The toxic substance accumulated over time may have significant damage effect on host organs and tissue, as aging progress.

In some cases, the toxins can cause death to the host.

Some researchers suggested that accumulated advanced glycation end products also consisted of a strong implication in escalating the aging process.

According to Dr. JAIME URIBARRI, MD, and colleagues at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, "The formation of new dAGEs during cooking was prevented by the AGE inhibitory compound aminoguanidine and significantly reduced by cooking with moist heat, using shorter cooking times, cooking at lower temperatures, and by use of acidic ingredients such as lemon juice or vinegar".

Due to its complex association with oxidative stress in the aging population, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have also strong implications in the induction of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.

Diabetes is a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream in the regulation of glucose.

The disease is either caused by cells in the pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

Long-term uncontrolled diabetes may cause complications that can lead to renal failure and cardiovascular events.


Dr, Yamagishi S, the lead author said, " the Inhibition of AGE formation, blockade of the AGE-RAGE interaction, and suppression of RAGE expression or its downstream pathways may be novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of vascular complications in diabetes"

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) interaction with RAGE stimulates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly through the activity of NADPH oxidases, a membrane-bound enzyme with function in the induction of ROS expression.

Some researchers insisted that diabetic vascular complications may be blocked if food-advanced glycation end products aggravated diabetic vascular complications can be modulated via the RAGE receptors in the removal of AGE.

According to the Kurume University School of Medicine, sulforaphane, a phytochemical compound found in cruciferous vegetables showed a potential effect against diabetic vascular complications, through its interference with proinflammatory reaction, and reduction of oxidate stress.

In other words, the application of sulforaphane exerted an inhibition of RAGE function in decreased DNA synthesis, apoptotic cell death in the host by increased monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 messenger RNA levels in protection against pro-inflammatory exertion in pericytes, the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules.

This efficacy was found in cultured cells and experimental animals.

In vivo and in vitro, sulforaphane suppressed inflammatory activation of vascular cells, and induced potential beneficial effects to prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis complication of diabetics.

Also. intake of cruciferous vegetables may reduce the risk of diabetic vascular complication as sulforaphane, a phytochemical compound in cruciferous vegetables not only inhibited the levels of advanced glycation end but also enhanced the production of Nrf2 in controlling over 500 genes expression of cellular defense mechanisms.

The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor with the function that activates the natural antioxidant enzymes found in the host tissue in response to oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress is an indication imbalance in the ratio of the levels of antioxidants and free radicals in the host body.

Therefore, in the prevention of diabetic vascular complications, people with diabetes may want to add a portion of cruciferous vegetables into their daily diet.

Intake of sulforaphane supplement should be taken with extreme care, as acute liver toxicity may be induced if overdosed.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective role of sulforaphane against vascular complications in diabetes by Yamagishi S1, Matsui T1. (PubMed)
(2) Agents that block advanced glycation end product (AGE)-RAGE (receptor for AGEs)-oxidative stress system: a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic vascular complications by Yamagishi S1, Nakamura K, Matsui T, Ueda S, Fukami K, Okuda S.(PubMed)
(3) The influence of sulforaphane on vascular health and its relevance to nutritional approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease by Paul C. Evans(PMC)
(4) Food-advanced glycation end products aggravate diabetic vascular complications via modulating the AGEs/RAGE pathway by Lv X1, Lv GH1, Dai GY1, Sun HM2, and Xu HQ3. (PubMed)
(5) Advanced glycation end product Key players in skin aging? by Paraskevi Gkogkolou and Markus Böhm(PMC)
(6) Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet by Uribarri J1, Woodruff S, Goodman S, Cai W, Chen X, Pyzik R, Yong A, Striker GE, Vlassara H.(PubMed)
(7) Neuronal cell death and regeneration in diseases associated with advanced glycation end-product accumulation by Bikbova G1, Oshitari T1, Yamamoto S(PubMed)
(8) Long-term use of some high blood pressure drugs associated with increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

#Phytochemical #PhyticAcid Processes Anti #ProstateCancers Activity by Inhibiting the Proteins and Transcription FactorInvolving Cells Proliferation and Differentiation,

Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemicals phytic acid may be the next generation natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, some scientists found.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells grow and multiply in disordered and uncontrollable ways in our body.

As cancer continued proliferation, at certain stages it can damage other healthy tissues. Sometimes cancer cells can spread to other organs in the body via lymph or blood.

Prostate cancer is a medical condition caused by the alternation of the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the prostate tissue.

Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the physical (rectum) exams.

According to the statistic, approximately, 1 man in 9 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime and 6 cases in 10 are diagnosed in men aged 65 or older.

Prostate cancer shared common symptoms of an enlarged prostate, including frequent urination particularly at night, weak or interrupted urine flow, and erectile dysfunction.

Symptoms which are not found in enlarged prostate include blood in the urine and blood in the seminal fluid.

If you are experiencing some of the above symptoms, please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility of prostate cancer

The causes of prostate cancer are unknown. The increases with age, especially after age 50. family history. ethnicity, hereditary breast, and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome, and genetic proposition are some risk actors associated with the onset of the disease.

Some researchers suggested that a poor diet is one of the major risk factor found in patients with the disease.


Dr. Amir Bagher, the lead scientist evaluated the dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer wrote, "After adjustment for potential confounders, a healthy dietary pattern was associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer (highest versus lowest tertile OR:0.24; 95% CI: 0.07-0.81; trend p: 0.025). An unhealthy dietary pattern was related to increased risk of prostate cancer(highest versus lowest tertile OR:3.4; 95% CI: 1.09-10.32; trend p: 0.037)".


And, "an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. However, a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer".


The results strongly suggested that by following a healthy diet pattern, one can substantially reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) are phytochemicals of the organic acid found abundantly in nuts, sesame seeds, soybeans, wheat, pumpkin, beans, almonds, etc.

On finding a natural ingredient for the treatment of prostate cancer with no side effects, researchers assessed the effects of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6)) on the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway in promoting survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis in human prostate cancer cells.

In invasive human prostate cancer, PC-3 and C4-2B cells, IP6 treatment of cells suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis through protein associated with the apoptotic and cell death programming pathways.

Phytic acid also inhibited cancer cells through proteins associated with cancer cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and motility.

Furthermore, IP6 inhibited transcription and cell migration. through cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase.

Dr. Gu M, the lead scientist, after taking into account co and confounders said, " IP6 suppresses cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis but induces death in prostate cancer cells, which might have translational potential in preventing and controlling the growth of advanced and aggressive prostate cancer for which conventional chemotherapy is not effective".


In advanced and androgen-independent human PCa PC-3, Treatment of PC-3 cells with 2 mM IP6 strongly inhibited both growth and proliferation and decreased cell viability; similar effects were also observed in other human PCa DU145 and LNCaP cells.

IP6 also caused a strong apoptotic death of PC-3 cells through proteins associated with the activation of cell death programming and induced apoptosis.

The inhibition of the PC-3 cancer cell line by IP6 also is associated with the inhibition of the protein-involved cells proliferation and differentiation, similar to that of the above study.

Interestingly, researchers also discovered that IP6 also inhibited the transcription factor activity in promoting cancer cell growth and reproduction and regeneration

Where a transcription factor (TF) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.

Taken altogether, phytochemicals phytic acid may be considered a bioactive compound for the prevention and combined with the primary therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Inositol hexaphosphate suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in prostate carcinoma cells in culture and nude mouse xenograft: PI3K-Akt pathway as potential target by Gu M, Roy S, Raina K, Agarwal C, Agarwal R.(PubMed)
(2) Inositol hexaphosphate downregulates both constitutive and ligand-induced mitogenic and cell survival signaling and causes caspase-mediated apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells. by Gu M, Raina K, Agarwal C, Agarwal R.(PubMed)
(3) Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer: a factor analysis study in a sample of Iranian men by Amir Bagheri, Seyed Mostafa Nachvak, Mansour Rezaei, 3 Mozhgan Moravridzade, Mahmoudreza Moradi, 4 and Michael Nelson. (PMC)

#Phytochemical #Piperine Used Alone or Combined With Nateglinide Show a Significant Effects Against #Hyperglycemia, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Bioactive piperine may have a strong and positive effect in reducing the risk and treatment of hyperglycemia in the management of type 2 diabetes, according to the studies.

Piperine is a phytochemical alkaloid in the class of organosulfur compounds, found abundantly in white and black pepper, long pepper, etc.

Hyperglycemia is a condition of abnormally high blood sugar which is considered a hallmark sign of diabetes (both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes) and prediabetes.


Hyperglycemia doesn't cause symptoms until glucose values are significantly elevated to levels above 180 to 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 10 to 11 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). The most common symptoms of hyperglycemia include headaches, fatigue, blurred vision, hunger, confusion, and trouble with concentrating.

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate glucose.

The disease is either caused by cells in the pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

According to the statistic, in the US, approximately 30.3 million Americans, or 9.4% of the population, had diabetes. Approximately 1.25 million American children and adults have type 1 diabetes In 2015.

The disease is on the rise at an alarming rate. Most cases of hypoglycemia are the results of a medical condition such as hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, and long-term use of certain medications such as prednisone, estrogens, beta-blockers, glucagon, and stress.

Some researchers suggested that an unhealthy lifestyle, in fact, is the major cause of the onset of hyperglycemia.

According to the study of a total of 485 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 501 subjects of Han Chinese ethnicity aged 40 years and older surveyed by a stratified cluster random sampling technique, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was significantly lower among ethnic Bai Ku Yao than among ethnic Han individuals, which might mainly be attributed to the more favorable dietary patterns, lifestyle choices, and physical activity levels in the former ethnic group.

These results strongly suggested that an unhealthy diet high in saturated and trans fat, red meat, and processed food, and low in fruits and vegetables are associated with the onset and early onset of hyperglycemia.

With an aim to find a natural ingredient or whole food for the prevention of diabetes, a metabolic disorder, and an emerging pandemic of the 21st century, researchers investigated the anti-diabetes activity of piperine, the chief alkaloid present in Piper nigrum (black pepper). The study included albino mice induced diabetes by injection of alloxan.

The tested mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6). In the acute study, drugs were administered orally as control (2% gum acacia, 10 mL/kg), standard (metformin 150 mg/kg), P10 (piperine 10 mg/kg), P20 (piperine 20 mg/kg) and P40 (piperine 40 mg/kg) and drug intervention for the subacute study consisted of once-daily oral administration for 14 days of 2% gum acacia 10 mL/kg, metformin 250 mg/kg, and piperine 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively.


By examing the blood glucose levels before and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-dosing, respectively, in the acute study and on days 7 and 14 in the subacute study, researchers showed that the acute study showed that at 2 h post-dosing piperine at a high dose of 40 mg/kg showed a significant rise in blood glucose level (p < 0.05) in comparison to a control group.

Contrastly, significant blood glucose lowering effect was seen with piperine at a dose of 20 mg/kg on day 14 (p < 0.05) in the subacute study.

These results clearly suggested that subacute administration of piperine has a statistically significant antihyperglycemic activity while acutely it raises blood glucose at high doses.


In other words, in order for the piperine to exert antihyperglycemic activity, the initial dose should be reduced and increased gradually during the course of treatment.

The G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy in the evaluation of the association between Piperine and P. longum is a known inhibitor of various enzymes (CYP isozymes) responsible for the biotransformation of drugs, suggested that by inhibiting the metabolism of drugs, piperine improves the bioavailability of drugs.

Truly, pretreatment of Piperine (10 mg/kg) accompanied by the anti-hyperglycemic activity of nateglinide (CAS no: 105816-04-4) exerted significantly increased the concentration of the drug. In other words, nateglinide is more effective in inhibiting hyperglycemia compared to the drug when it is applied alone.

Dr. Sama V, the lead author, after taking into account co and confounders said, "The synergistic anti-hyperglycemic activity of nateglinide when administered with piperine can be attributed to increased plasma concentration of nateglinide" and " The results of this study demonstrate that piperine could be used as a potential bioenhancer along with nateglinide".

In diabetes-induced oxidative stress in 30-day streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats, piperine treatment intraperitoneally at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days also reversed the diabetic effects caused by oxidative stress by improving the levels of antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting the levels of free radicals.

Taken altogether, piperine, a bioactive compound found in black pepper may be used for the prevention and treatment of abnormally high blood glucose in patients with diabetes, with no side effects

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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Reference
(1) Evaluation of the effect of piperine per se on blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by Atal S, Agrawal RP, Vyas S, Phadnis P, Rai N.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of piperine on antihyperglycemic activity and pharmacokinetic profile of nateglinide by Sama V, Nadipelli M, Yenumula P, Bommineni MR, Mullangi R.(PubMed)
(3) Effects of piperine on antioxidant pathways in tissues from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Rauscher FM, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3rd.(PubMed)

#ChasteTreeBerry #Extract Processes Anti-Androgenic Effect Associated with the Improvement of Symptoms of High Testosterone Levels in Men

Kyle J. Norton

A recent study conducted by some renowned institutes suggested that Vitex agnus castus (Vac.) may have a potential in decreased overproduction of testosterone on the male reproductive physiology.
Testosterone is a male steroid hormone played an important role in male reproductive organs and building bone and muscle mass as well as stimulating sexual desire in both sexes.

In women, Testosterone is produced by the ovaries in women in a small amount.

The hormone is also produced in small quantities by the adrenal glands in both sexes.

According to Dr. Chris Iliades, MD in the article " The Myth of Too Much Testosterone" wrote, too much testosterone produced by the body may be associated to long-term intake of anabolic steroids, hyperthyroidism, adrenal or testicular tumor.

In women, high testosterone levels can cause hirsutism, polycystic ovary syndrome,..... and congenital adrenal hyperplasia(6).

In men, conditions associated with high levels of testosterone include hypertension, liver disease skin infections, polycythemia, alteration in sexual organs, heart disease,...... and infertility(6)

Symptoms of overproduction of testosterone include acne or oily skin, breast enlargement worsening of sleep apnea, fluid retention, decreased testicle size, and sperm count, particularly in increased risk of prostate enlargement and prostate cancer.

Interestingly, symptoms like shrunken testicles and breast enlargement are the result caused by excess testosterone which is converted to the female hormone estrogen.

The condition also increases the risk of behavioral symptoms such as mood swings.

Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belongings to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region.

The herb has been used in herbal medicine for thousands of years as an anaphrodisiac herb.

And, is considered as Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.

In the study of hydroalcoholic Vac. extract (extraction by percolation technique) with the doses: 65, 165, 265, 365 and 465 mg kg-', applied to bromocriptine as a dopamine receptor agonist (5, 10, 20 mg kg(-1))(the drug causes an increased level of testosterone)(4) and haloperidol((the drug causes an increased level of testosterone)(5) as a dopamine receptor antagonist (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 mg kg(-1)), injection male mice treated exerted significant effects in lower levels of testosterone in compared to other treatment groups, when used alone or combination with others extract.

Dr. Nasri S, the lead author said, ". LH and testosterone were measured by Radio Immuno Assay (RIA). LH and testosterone showed a significant decrease in the bromocriptine group and haloperidol increased these hormones. Vac. extract decreased significantly the LH and testosterone levels. The coadministration of Vac. extract and bromocriptine decreased LH and testosterone".

The study also found that Vitex agnus castus extract influences the neurotransmitters such as dopamine in regulating LH and testosterone secretion.

Furthermore, injection of Vitex agnus castus L. (Vit.) fruit extract with 1650 mg/kg was tested on male mice model with the doses (65, 165, 265, 365, 465 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally for 30 days in 5 groups of animals, showed a decreased testosterone levels in dose depending manner in all tested mice.

The researchers also insisted that through the Radio Immuno Assay (RIA), Vit. the fruit extract has an anti-androgenic effect and probably acts through the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis and the side effects only appear after a long time of their usage.

Dr. Jillian Stansbury, not the author of the studies said, " (due to the effects of chaste tree berry in reduced LH levels and testosterone levels ) that Vitex may improve symptoms of high testosterone levels in men".

The reduced levels of testosterone of the herbal medicine may be beneficiary for patients with high levels of testosterone-inducted sexual libido, acne, and abnormal prostate expression.

However, further data collection on large sample sizes and multi-center clinical studies performed with human consumption during the course of the investigation will be necessary to complete the picture of chaste tree berries and its bioactive compound's protective effect against diseases caused by high levels of testosterone possibilities.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The effects of Vitex agnus castus extract and its interaction with the dopaminergic system on LH and testosterone in male mice by Nasri S1, Oryan S, Rohani AH, Amin GR. (PubMed)
(2) The Effects of Vitex agnus castus L. Extract on Gonadotrophins and Testosterone in Male Mice(Researchgate)
(3) WOMEN’S HERBS” FOR MEN By Editor1 Posted November 8, 2010
In Botanical Medicine, Endocrinology, Fertility, Men's Health, Nature Cure, and Oncology, Dr Jillian Stansbury
(4) Testosterone levels after bromocriptine treatment in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis by Vircburger MI, Prelević GM, Perić LA, Knezević J, Djukanović L(PubMed)
(5) Haloperidol ameliorates androgen-induced behavioral deficits in developing male rats by Qi C1,2, Ji X1, Zhang G2, Kang Y1, Huang Y3, Cui R2, Li S2, Cui H2,4, Shi G(PubMed)
(6) High and Low Testosterone Levels in Men by Charles Patrick Davis, MD, Ph.D. and Steven Doerr, MD