Kyle J. Norton Soybean is the genus Glycine, belonging to the family Fabaceae, one of the legumes that contains twice as much protein per acre as any other major vegetable or grain crop, native to Southeast Asia. Now, it is grown worldwide with a suitable climate for commercial profits.
Japan, an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea, and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south(1). According to Moriyama, Japanese women and men live longer and healthier than everyone else on Earth, it may be a result of a healthier Japanese diet and lifestyle. According to the World Health Organization, the Japanese have an average of 75 years of healthy living disability-free, it may be due to average soy intake 10 to 70 times higher than in Western people(1a)(1b).
Soy food intake is well known for its estrogenic effects because it binds the estrogen receptor with relatively high affinity, but effects induced risk of obesity are inconclusive in the West(1)(2)(3).
It may be the result of most Westerners being nonequol producers(4)(5). Some researchers suggested that the prevalence of obesity in the West may be a result of a typical American diet high in saturated and trans-fat and less in fruits and vegetables.
Others blamed the epidemic obesity as a result of an economic environment that makes healthy foods more expensive than junk and suggested of taxes on foods with low nutritional value could nudge behavior toward healthier diets, as could subsidies/discounts for healthier(8). According to a report on NBC by Melissa Dhal, just 10.8 percent of Asians in America are considered obese, a slim percentage when compared with 33 percent of whites, 42 percent of Hispanics, and 48 percent of blacks with a BMI of 30 or higher(7).
In fact, the traditional Japanese diet with a high amount of soy products is associated with a lower BMI in adulthood(9).
According to Dr. Ma J and the research team, early exposure to a high-fat diet diminished the abundance of non-pathogenic Campylobacter in the juvenile gut which may enhance the risk of obesity(10). In fact, DR. Sakata T. said that a very low-calorie conventional Japanese diet of 370 kcal/day has been shown to be useful for weight reduction and long-term maintenance(11). and dietary content and food patterns used in management among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes are quite close to those reported as suitable for the prevention of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and total mortality in Europe and America, according to the study of 1,516 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years from outpatient clinics in 59 university and general hospitals(12). Regarded to diet habits of the West and Japanese working women, the proportion of eating problems is low in comparison with Western adult populations(15).
A study of Occupational Class Differences in Body Mass Index and Weight Gain in Japan and Finland may provide us with interesting results "BMI was higher at baseline and BMI gain was more rapid in Finland than in Japan, it may be results of clear socioeconomic gradients in obesity in Finland compared to the Japanese environment is less obesogenic than the Finnish environment, or factors such as easy access to fast-food restaurants and limited possibilities for physical exercise are suggested characteristics of an obesogenic environment or due to the Japanese diet has traditionally been very healthy, with high consumption of vegetables, soy protein, and fish, with the general nutritional status of the Japanese population is still healthier than that in many Western countries" (13).
Unfortunately, due to the influence of the West, many Japanese have abandoned the traditional Japanese diet and opted for a quick, high-fat diet with lots of junk foods. According to the Kagawa Nutrition University, Japanese traditional and Western were all independently and significantly related to the risk of obesity even among a relatively lean young Japanese female population(14).
Another study suggested that adopting maternal Western-style diet consumption may lead to increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the offspring(16), and Western diet increased the risk for atherosclerosis and promoted the progression of preclinical atherosclerosis, in correspondence with the extent of westernization(17). As undergoing rapid "Westernization,", changes in Japanese dietary patterns continued, with a high intake of butter & margarine, cheese, bread, and ham & sausage, etc.(18), the Westernized chronic illness may rise to a level currently found in the "Western" countries in the coming few decades, including diverticular disease, mammary cancers(19)(20).
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Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.caAuthor Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Genistein exposure during the early postnatal period favors the development of obesity in female, but not male rats by Strakovsky RS1, Lezmi S, Flaws JA, Schantz SL, Pan YX, Helferich WG.(
PubMed)
(2) Arginine, soy isoflavone, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose have protective effects against obesity in broiler breeder hens fed on high-energy diets by Khalaji S1, Zaghari M, Ganjkhanloo M, Ghaziani F.(
PubMed)
(3) Effects of voluntary running and soy supplementation on diet-induced metabolic disturbance and inflammation in mice by Yan L1, Graef GL, Claycombe KJ, Johnson LK.(
PubMed)
(4) Effects of natural S-equol supplements on overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Japanese, based on sex and equol status by Usui T1, Tochiya M, Sasaki Y, Muranaka K, Yamakage H, Himeno A, Shimatsu A, Inaguma A, Ueno T, Uchiyama S, Satoh-Asahara N.(
PubMed)
(5) Obesity prevalence in relation to gut microbial environments capable of producing equol or O-desmethylangolensin from the isoflavone daidzein by Frankenfeld CL1, Atkinson C2, Wähälä K3, Lampe JW4.(
PubMed)
(6) Family-focused physical activity, diet, and obesity interventions in African-American girls: a systematic review by Barr-Anderson DJ1, Adams-Wynn AW, DiSantis KI, Kumanyika S.(
PubMed)
(7). What's actually behind the low Asian-American obesity rate? by
Melissa Dahl(8) Obesity and economic environments by Sturm R1, An R.(
PubMed)
(9) Soy intake is related to a lower body mass index in adult women by Maskarinec G1, Aylward AG, Erber E, Takata Y, Kolonel LN. (
PubMed)
(10) High-fat maternal diet during pregnancy persistently alters the offspring microbiome in a primate model by Ma J1, Prince AL2, Bader D3, Hu M4, Ganu R4, Baquero K5, Blundell P5, Alan Harris R6, Frias AE5, Grove KL5, Aagaard KM(Pu
bMed)
(11) A very-low-calorie conventional Japanese diet: its implications for prevention of obesity by Sakata T.(
PubMed)
(12) Dietary intake in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Analysis from Japan Diabetes Complications Study by Horikawa C1, Yoshimura Y2, Kamada C2, Tanaka S3, Tanaka S4, Takahashi A5, Hanyu O6, Araki A7, Ito H7, Tanaka A8, Ohashi Y5, Akanuma Y9, Yamada N10, Sone H6.(
PubMed)
(13) Occupational Class Differences in Body Mass Index and Weight Gain in Japan and Finland
Karri Silventoinen,1 Takashi Tatsuse,2 Pekka Martikainen,1 Ossi Rahkonen,3 Eero Lahelma,3 Michikazu Sekine,2 and Tea Lallukka3,4by
PubMed)
(14) Three major dietary patterns are all independently related to the risk of obesity among 3760 Japanese women aged 18-20 years by Okubo H1, Sasaki S, Murakami K, Kim MK, Takahashi Y, Hosoi Y, Itabashi M; Freshmen in Dietetic Courses Study II group. (
PubMed)
(15) Eating problems and related weight control behavior in adult Japanese women by Nakamura K1, Hoshino Y, Watanabe A, Honda K, Niwa S, Yamamoto M.(
PubMed)
(16) Consumption of a Western-style diet during pregnancy impairs offspring islet vascularization in a Japanese Macaque model by Pound LD1, Comstock SM2, Grove KL2. (
PubMed)
(17) Influence of the extent of westernization of lifestyle on the progression of preclinical atherosclerosis in Japanese subjects by Egusa G1, Watanabe H, Ohshita K, Fujikawa R, Yamane K, Okubo M, Kohno N.(
PubMed)
(18) Dietary factors related to higher plasma fibrinogen levels of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii compared with Japanese in Japan by Miura K1, Nakagawa H, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Saitoh S, Curb JD, Rodriguez BL, Sakata K, Okuda N, Yoshita K, Stamler J; INTERMAP Research Group; INTERLIPID Research Group. (
PubMed)
(19) Changes in dietary fiber intake among Japanese in the 20th century: a relationship to the prevalence of diverticular disease by Ohi G, Minowa K, Oyama T, Nagahashi M, Yamazaki N, Yamamoto S, Nagasako K, Hayakawa K, Kimura K, Mori B.(
PubMed).
(20) Relationship between westernization of dietary habits and mortality from breast and ovarian cancers in Japan. Kato I, Tominaga S, Kuroishi T.(
PubMed)
