Wednesday, 7 June 2023

#Phytochemical #Sulforaphane Exhibits Neuroprotective Effect on the #CholinergicDeficit and #CognitiveImpairment, According to Studies

By Kyle J. Norton


Dithiolthiones, the bioactive compound found abundantly in the cruciferous vegetables may have a potential effect on reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disease, some scientists found.

Dithiolthiones are phytochemicals in the class of Organosulfides, found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, garden sorrel, horseradish, etc.

A neurodegenerative disease is a group of conditions that primarily affect the neurons in the brain, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease.



In other words, neurodegenerative disease is caused by the progressive death of neurons in different regions of the nervous system.


The progressive loss of neurons induced neurological and neuropsychological signs and symptoms have also been found in comparison to the stage of disease onset of patients.

The causes of neurodegenerative diseases are unknown, however, researchers do know that the increase in age is one most consistent risk factors for developing a neurodegenerative disease, especially AD or PD, as the disease has been found in over 60% of the population aged 65 and beyond compared to another group.

And this number is found to increase at an alarming rate. Dr. Serge Przedborski, the lead author in the investigation of the risk of neurodegenerative disease in the elderly said, "It can be anticipated that, over the next generations, the proportion of elderly citizens will double, and, with this, possibly the proportion of persons suffering from some kind of neurodegenerative disorder".

Epidemiologically, geographically, hereditary, and viral and toxicological exposure correlates, and deficiencies of elements such as calcium and selenium are some of the risk factors in the development of neurological diseases.


Also, people who follow the Western diet pattern are at an increased risk of the disease. According to the 2018 Alzheimer's Association International Conference, July 22-26, 2018 in Chicago, Illinois, the Western diet is known to include high consumption of red meats, processed meats, as well as fatty and fried foods. This dietary pattern has been linked to a greater risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

As the autopsied participants' brains followed the Western diet showed a significant change in neuropathologies such as β-amyloid plaques, tau tangle density, neocortical Lewy bodies, and cerebral atherosclerosis, among others.

This analysis may indicate that by changing to a healthy diet with a high in fruits and vegetables and whole-grain and less in saturated and trans fat, red meat, and processed foods, the risk of neurodegenerative disease can be reduced substantially.

Researchers on the finding of a natural ingredient or whole food investigated the epidemiologically suggested that sulforaphane, an organosulfur compound present in cruciferous vegetables processed neuroprotective effects in experimental in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegeneration. Using the Morris water maze researchers tested the sulforaphane effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Sulforaphane (10 or 50mg/kg) was administered to C57BL/6 mice by oral gavage for 14 days (days 1-14), Memory impairment was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (1mg/kg) for 7 days (days 8-14).

Mice receiving an injection of scopolamine showed impaired learning and memory retention and considerably decreased cholinergic system reactivity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. The results were observed by a decreased acetylcholine (ACh) level and increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity.

Where acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter, associated with the function in sending signals to other cells [neurons, muscle cells, and gland cells] and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine.

Treatment of sulforaphane significantly attenuated the scopolamine-induced memory impairment and improved cholinergic system reactivity.

In other words, sulforaphane exerted a neuroprotective effect against the scopolamine in the induction of oxidative stress to the neurons. Sulforaphane at doses of 10 or 20μM increased the ACh level, decreased the AChE activity, and increased ChAT expression in scopolamine-treated primary cortical neurons.

Dr. Lee S, the lead scientists suggest "Sulforaphane might exert a significant neuroprotective effect on the cholinergic deficit and cognitive impairment".

Additionally, in the concern of no drug treatment of schematic/traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease which share common characteristics such as oxidative stress, misfolded proteins, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and neuronal loss, researchers investigated the effect of sulforaphane against the mentioned diseases.

In several in vitro and in vivo studies isothiocyanate sulforaphane, derived from the hydrolysis of the glucosinolate glucoraphanin mainly present in Brassica vegetables, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects.

The efficacy was attributed to the activity of sulforaphane in activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway in modulating the expression of oxidative stress.

Dr. Tarozzi A, the lead author in the final report of the experiment wrote, "Sulforaphane appears to be a promising compound with neuroprotective properties that may play an important role in preventing neurodegeneration".

More importantly, in dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), the phytochemical showed a neuroprotective effect through its ability to enhance the antioxidant enzymes of the host and improve neuronal survival.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Sulforaphane alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice by Lee S1, Kim J1, Seo SG2, Choi BR3, Han JS3, Lee KW4, Kim J5. (PubMed)
(2) Sulforaphane as a potential protective phytochemical against neurodegenerative diseases byTarozzi A1, Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Morroni F, Hrelia S, Hrelia P.(PubMed)
(3) Neuroprotective effect of sulforaphane in a 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease byMorroni F1, Tarozzi A, Sita G, Bolondi C, Zolezzi Moraga JM, Cantelli-Forti G, Hrelia P.(PubMed)
(4) Series Introduction: Neurodegeneration: What is it and where are we?by Serge Przedborski,1,2,3 Miquel Vila,1 and Vernice Jackson-Lewis. (PMC)

#Healthyfood #Dried Peas Process Strong Antioxidant Activities by Regulating the Immune Response, Researchers Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Dried peas may be considered a functional food in enhanced antioxidant activities, some renowned institute studies suggested.

The dried pea is a small but nutritionally mighty member of the legume family, genus Pisum belongings to the family Fabaceae with a healthy source of proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals.

An antioxidant is a natural substance that protects our body against cellular damage caused by a chain reaction of ROS by inhibiting free radical overexpression.

In the study to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the hydroalcoholic extract (PE) of pea (Pisum sativum L.) using CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in rats, researchers at Cairo University revealed that peas demonstrated a significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities mostly in n-butanol fraction, a major chemical compound in peas.

After taking into account other analyses, including Chromatographic fractionation, Dr, said, "pea by-product contained biologically active constituents which can be utilized to obtain high value-added products for nutraceutical use".

The hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of peas once again was attributed to enhanced production of antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in inhibited ROS and its domino effects.

The information may provide an additional reason for people with weakened immune systems to add an additional portion of dried peas into their diet in stimulated antioxidant status in their body.

And, the extra portion of dried peas intakes daily will improve immune function in reduced risk diseases caused by bacterial and viral infection and inflammation,...


Other researchers provide more information about the effects of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of peptides from yellow field pea proteins (Pisum sativum L.) through LPS/IFN-γ-activated RAW 264.7 NO⁻ macrophages. researchers at the University of Ottawa showed that
1. Pea protein hydrolysate, after a 12 h pre-treatment, inhibited NO production by activated macrophages up to 20%.
2. The tested chemical compound also demonstrated strong inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α- and IL-6, up to 35 and 80%, respectively.
3. Oral administration of PPH in mice enhanced the white blood cell activity in stimulated the gut mucosal immune response.

The findings information showed that the powerful antioxidant properties of a pea protein hydrolysate exert a significant effect in reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the regulated immune response.

Dr. Ndiaye F, after taking into account other confounders said, "Enzymatic protein degradation confers anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating potentials to pea proteins, and the resulted peptides could be used as an alternative therapy for the prevention of inflammatory-related diseases".

Furthermore, in the investigation of the antioxidant of the broad bean and pea by-products as sources of fiber-rich ingredients, researchers after differentiation of v the main monomers such as uronic acids, glucose, arabinose, and galactose in broad bean pods, researcher postulated that the most antioxidant activities also are a result of extractable polyphenols found in road bean and pea by-products as sources of fiber-rich.

Taken together, dried peas may be used as a functional food in increased antioxidant activity of people with weakened immunity and provided an additional source for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Bioassay-guided fractionation of a hepatoprotective and antioxidant extract of peaby-product by Seida AA1, El Tanbouly ND, Islam WT, Eid HH, El Maraghy SA, El Senousy AS.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of an enzymatic protein hydrolysate from yellow field pea seeds by Ndiaye F1, Vuong T, Duarte J, Aluko RE, Matar C.(PubMed)
(3) Broad bean and pea by-products as sources of fibre-rich ingredients: potential antioxidant activity measured in vitro by Mateos-Aparicio I1, Redondo-Cuenca A, Villanueva-Suárez MJ.(PubMed)

#Herbal #Chamomile Shows Significant Effects on #AnxietyDisorders, According to Studies

By Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Chamomile may have a potential effect in reducing risk and treatment of anxiety disorder, according to studies.
Anxiety disorders are a group of mental illnesses characterized by symptoms of excessive anxiety, fear, worry, avoidance, and compulsive rituals. The condition is more commonly in women than in men.

Some researchers suggested that anxiety disorders are conditions associated with the combination of biological, psychological, and individual factors and the most commonly reported psychiatric conditions and frequently occur as comorbid disorders.

According to the statistic, anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S., affecting 40 million adults in the age of 18 and older, or 18.1% of the population every year.

The exact causes of anxiety disorders are debatable. However, a family history of anxiety recent or prolonged exposure to stress, and excessive consumption of stimulants such as caffeine or tobacco is associated with the onset of the disorders.

The symptoms of anxiety disorders can be psychological or physical, including difficulty concentrating and sleeping, irritability, persistent stomachaches or diarrhea, sweaty palms, shaking, and rapid heartbeat.

If you experience some of the above symptoms, please make sure you check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

Dr. Lykouras L, the lead scientist in the investigation of the connection between body weight and anxiety disorders wrote, "Obesity has been associated with anxiety disorders as follows: most of the studies show a positive relationship with panic disorder, mainly in women, with specific phobia and social phobia" and "Some authors have found a relationship with generalized anxiety disorder but a negative relationship has been also reported".

The results clearly indicated if you are obese, your risk of anxiety disorders is increased substantially compared to normal-weight people.

Chamomile is also known as camomile, the common name of many species of daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents and for the treatment of menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.


In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and tolerability trial of Matricaria recutita (chamomile), extract on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) showed to be effective modest anxiolytic activity with patients mild to moderate GAD(1). The University of Ottawa study on the effects of Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) and Humulus lupulus (hops) showed significant activity in the inhibition of GAD at doses of 0.11-0.65 mg/mL(2).

The study containing 57 participants in the 2009 trial, 19 had anxiety with comorbid depression; 16 had anxiety with a past history of depression, and 22 had anxiety with no current or past depression, chamomile showed a clinically meaningful antidepressant activity to its previously observed anxiolytic activity(3).

Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, in a mice study, exerted its anxiolytic and slight sedative effects through the central benzodiazepine receptors(4).

Researchers at the University Science Center on finding a treatment for anxiety disorder examined the effects of chamomile extract therapy in patients with mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and tolerability trial.

In a total of 63 outpatients with mild to moderate GAD enrolled, 57 were randomized to either double-blind chamomile extract (n = 28) or placebo therapy (n = 29) for 8 weeks.

The chamomile-treated group exerted a significantly greater reduction in the mean total HAM-A score compared to the placebo.

Furthermore, besides the better primary outcomes, the chamomile group also demonstrated a positive change in all secondary outcomes in the reduction of anxiety symptoms.

Mild and tolerated adverse events or more were not significantly different between groups.


The findings clearly suggested herbal chamomile extract processes a modest anxiolytic activity in patients with mild to moderate GAD.

Moreover, in the evaluation of the chamomile effect on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is a neurotransmitter that blocks impulses between nerve cells in the brain researchers compared the herbal plants which were used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter has been found to initiate the risk of anxiety or mood disorders in low levels

In vitro rat brain homogenate assays, compared to other herbal plants such as Melissa officinalis, Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola), and Valeriana officinalis (Valerian), chamomile showed significant inhibition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity (0.11-0.65 mg/mL).

These results strongly suggested that the failure of the interaction of members in the GAGA system caused by dysfunction was attributed to the onset of anxiety disorders.
Additionally, in participants with symptoms of comorbid anxiety and depression, according to the generalized estimating equations analysis to identify clinically meaningful changes over time in scores from the Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D) questionnaire among treatment groups, the Chamomile group displays a significantly greater reduction over time in total HAM-D scores compared to placebo.

Also, the HAM-D core mood item scores and application of chamomile also showed a significantly greater reduction over time vs placebo in all participants, regardless of the current or past depression.

Taken altogether, herbal chamomile may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention of anxiety disorders in higher-risk populations and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of anxiety diseases with tolerated adverse effects.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder by Amsterdam JD1, Li Y, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Mao JJ, Shults J.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system by Awad R1, Levac D, Cybulska P, Merali Z, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT. (PubMed)
(3) Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: an exploratory study by Amsterdam JD1, Shults J, Soeller I, Mao JJ, Rockwell K, Newberg AB. (PubMed)
(4) Anxiety disorders and obesity by Lykouras L1, Michopoulos J. (PubMed)

#Healthyfood #Celeries In the inhibiting the Risk of #ChronicInflammatoryDiseases, According to Studies

By Kyle J. Norton

Celery may have a profound and positive effect on the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, some scientists found.
Inflammation is a natural reaction to a systematic immune response that protects our body against the stimuli of invasive pathogens.

Acute inflammation is a result of the immune white blood cell response to tissue damage or injury by stimulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines with an aim to kill off the microorganism which tries to enter the body through the wound.

Chronic inflammation is a condition of low-grade inflammation adopted by the immunity caused by the immune inability to kill off all invaders in the acute phase of infection.

Some researchers the examine the immune evolution over thousands of years suggested that the immune system has evolved to destroy foreign pathogens after entering in a specific time within 3 -8 weeks, otherwise, it will adapt to the change.
Chronic inflammation also is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system mistakenly attacks the bodily tissue.

Epidemiological studies suggested that aging that causes low production of sex hormones, being obese and obese, and smoking are associated with the early onset of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Some researchers suggested that out of a number of risk factors, a poor diet in the long term is one of the major causes of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Dr. Anne M. Minihane, the lead author in the examine the risk of low-grade inflammation in diet composition and health said, "The ability of diet to positively modulate inflammation and provide the much-needed evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform new product development and associated health claims".

The statement clearly suggested that people who follow a healthy diet pattern with high fruits and vegetables and whole-grain and low saturated and trans fat, red meat, and processed food are less likely to be infected by chronic inflammatory diseases.

Celery is a species of Apium graveolens, belonging to the family Apiaceae. It is cultivated all around the globe as a vegetable. Celery can grow to 1/2 m tall with stalks (leaf on the top) arranged in a conical shape joined at a common base.

With an aim to find a natural whole food for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disease, researchers looked into the group of flavones that have reported anti-inflammatory activities and examined the ability of flavone-rich foods to reduce inflammation.


Celery extracts, with anti-inflammatory activities and rich in flavone aglycones, were selected for the study.

Celery diets with different glycoside or aglycone contents were formulated and absorption was evaluated in mice fed with 5 or 10% celery diets.

Intake of deglycosylation was found to increase the absorption of dietary flavones in vivo and modulates inflammation by reducing TNF-α, the proinflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB, which regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses.


The results suggested that celery extract rich in flavones may have the potential for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases.

Additional differentiation of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in-vitro and in-vivo of the compound flavonoids found abundantly in celery, researchers launched an evaluation to examine the effects of the ethanol/water (1:1) extract of the leaves of Apium graveolens var. dulce (celery) on iNOS expression and NO production in a tested macrophage cell line stimulated for 24 h with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Where the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of the direct consequences of the inflammatory process and overproduction of NO is considered a pro-inflammatory mediator that induces inflammation.

In vitro, treatment of the extract and apiin showed significant inhibitory activity on nitrite (NO) production and iNOS expression observed by the tested cell line assay.


Interestingly, the extract exerted anti-inflammatory activity in-vivo (ID50 730 microg cm(-2)), with a potency seven times lower than those of indomethacin (ID50 93 microg cm(-2)), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as references.

The finding clearly suggested the inhibitory activity of the extract and apiin in-vitro on iNOS expression and nitrite production.

Taken altogether, celery may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases without inducing any side effects, pending the validation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


References
(1) Flavone deglycosylation increases their anti-inflammatory activity and absorption by Hostetler G1, Riedl K, Cardenas H, Diosa-Toro M, Arango D, Schwartz S, Doseff AI. (PubMed)
(2) An extract of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves: structure of the major constituent, apiin, and its anti-inflammatory properties by Mencherini T1, Cau A, Bianco G, Della Loggia R, Aquino RP, Autore G.(PubMed).
(3) Combination anti-inflammatory therapy: synergism in rats of NSAIDs/corticosteroids with some herbal/animal products by Whitehouse MW1, Butters DE. (PubMed)
(4) Low-grade inflammation, diet composition and health: current research evidence and its translation by Anne M. Minihane, 1 ,* Sophie Vinoy, 2 Wendy R. Russell, 3 Athanasia Baka, 4 Helen M. Roche,5 Kieran M. Tuohy, 6 Jessica L. Teeling, 7 Ellen E. Blaak, 8 Michael Fenech, 9 David Vauzour, 1Harry J. McArdle, 3 Bas H. A. Kremer, 10 Luc Sterkman, 11 Katerina Vafeiadou, 12Massimo Massi Benedetti, 13 Christine M. Williams, 14 and Philip C. Calder. (PMC)

#Antioxidant #Emodins Found in #Herbal #CascaraSagrada Inhibit the Onset of #MetabolicSyndrome, According to Studies

By Kyle J. Norton

Emodin, a major bioactive compound found in herbal Cascara Sagrada may be considered an adjunct therapy in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, some scientists suggested.
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, including high blood pressure and sugar, excess body weight and obesity, and abnormally high levels of blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels.

Researchers do not know the exact causes of metabolic syndrome. However, they do know that ethnicity and family history and mutation of genes that cause insulin resistance inherited from the parents are the number of risk factors associated with the early onset of the condition.

Certain medical conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and gallstone disease, and nonalcoholic fatty livers are also prevalent risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome.

It is misleading that metabolic syndrome can only cause heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, people with metabolic syndrome are also associated with an increased risk of excessive blood clotting and persistent low-grade inflammation throughout the body.

Treatment of metabolic syndrome should be followed closely to the underlining risk factors of abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, and atherogenic/diabetogenic diet, and drug therapy for specific metabolic risk factors should be considered for those at high or moderately high 10-year absolute risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, according to the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute slightly modifies and clarifies the diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome.

Medication used to reduce the level of progression of metabolic syndrome-related disorders including thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors may be effective, however, they can induce serious side effects such as edema, weight gain, macular edema, and heart failure.

Some patients who take the medicine may also experience side effects of hypoglycemia, decrease hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, and increased bone fracture risk.

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America.

Cascara sagrada bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc., effect.

The chemical ingredients
Besides the main compound of anthraquinones, other compounds include anthraquinone glycosides, (emodin, frangulin, iso-emodin, aloe-emodin, and chrysophanol), rhein, aloin, malic acid, tannic acid, cascarosides A, B, C, and D, hydroxy anthracene derivatives (HAD).

In the concerns of the side effects of conventional medicine used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, researchers at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica launched an investigation of the effect of emodin, a natural product and active ingredient of various Chinese herbs including Cascara Sagrada in metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.

Emodin exerted a significant effect as a potent and selective 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor against insulin resistance and with the IC(50) of 186 and 86 nM for human and mouse 11beta-HSD1, respectively

11β-HSD1, a family of enzymes that have been found to associate with the risk of insulin resistance.

Furthermore, single oral administration of emodin inhibited 11beta-HSD1 activity of liver and fat significantly in mice without reversing the prednisone and dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance.

In DIO mice, oral administration of emodin improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and lowered blood glucose and hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is associated with the control of hepatic glucose output.

Glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA is increased to some extent in the kidney and liver of diabetic rats.

The findings suggested the potential value of analogs of emodin for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes.


Moreover, researchers in the extended study of the effect of emodin in metabolic syndrome mice associated with 11beta-HSD1 activity also discovered that emodin inhibited the 11β-HSD1 activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in concentration- and time-dependent manners (the IC₅₀ values of 7.237 and 4.204 μmol/L, respectively, after 1 and 24 h treatment, through suppressing the 11-dehydrocorticosterone-in the generation of corticosterone without affecting corticosterone-induced adipogenesis in normal tissues..

3T3-L1 adipocytes are used as a cell culture model of insulin resistance
-
Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation from pre-adipocytes to adipocytes.

Moreover, emodin (3 μmol/L) partly reversed the impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and adiponectin secretion induced by 11-dehydrocorticosterone but not those induced by corticosterone.

In ob/ob mice, long-term emodin administration decreased 11β-HSD1 activity in mesenteric adipose tissues, lowered non-fasting and fasting blood glucose levels, and improved glucose tolerance.


Dr. Wang YJ, the lead scientist, after taking into account co and confounders, wrote, "Emodin improves the inactive glucocorticoid-induced adipose tissue dysfunction by selective inhibition on 11β-HSD1 in adipocyte in vitro and improves glycemic control in ob/ob mice".
\
Taken altogether, Cascara Sagrada bioactive compound emodin may be considered an adjunct supplement used alone for the prevention or combined with other conventional medicine for the treatment of metabolic syndrome without inducing adverse effects.

However, due to the limitation of the above studies, additional data collection large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of the whole food or its bioactive compound emodin during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of Cascara sagrada anti-metabolic syndrome possibilities.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1). "Emodin, a natural product, selectively inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced obese mice" by Feng Y, Huang SL, Dou W, Zhang S, Chen JH, Shen Y, Shen JH, Leng Y. (PubMed)
(2). Emodin, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, regulates adipocyte function in vitro and exerts the anti-diabetic effect in ob/ob mice. by Wang YJ, Huang SL, Feng Y, Ning MM, Leng Y. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Arnica Inhibits the Immune Suppressor Prostaglandin (PG)E(2) in Reducing the Risk of Non Small Cell Lung Cacer #NSCLC, Researchers Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Arnica may have a therapeutic and potential effect in reduced risk and treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer, some scientists suggested.

The result of the efficacy was reported by a number of investigations conducted by several respectable institutes, such as the University of Groningen and Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda and published on online medical literature.

Lung cancer is a chronic and medical condition characterized by irregular and controllable cell growth in the lung tissue.

Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belongings to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Asia, used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is a process of repairing the damage to the skin, tissues, organs, etc.

According to the University of Groningen in the investigated cytotoxicity of 21 flavonoids and 5 sesquiterpene lactones presented in Arnica species on GLC4, a human small cell lung carcinoma cell line, using the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assays.
* Application of compound cisplatin (IC50 = 1.1 microM and 2.9 microM showed the greatest inhibition of human small cell lung carcinoma cell line, through cytotoxic activity in compared to most flavonoids isolated.

* The most toxic compound was the flavone jaceosidin on GLC4

* Helenalin, possessing both the reactive alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety and a reactive alpha,beta-unsubstituted cyclopentenone ring, displayed the strongest cytotoxicity on GLC4.

Flavonoids processed significantly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, according to online literature were found abundantly in tea, citrus fruit, citrus fruit juices, berries, red wine,...


And phytochemicals sesquiterpene lactones found in some herbs, such as Artichoke, Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum, Burdock, Calea ternifolia, Chamomile,.... are also used for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammatory, protozoal, bacterial and microbial infection.

Additionally, in the evaluated the effects of anethole dithiolethione modified valproate, diclofenac, and sulindac isolated from Arnica on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, researchers found that injection of the bioactive chemicals exerted a potential anti lung cancer effect through inhibited the levels of prostaglandin (PG)E(2) in NSCLC cell lines A549 and NCI-H1299 in compared to the conventional medicine COX-2 inhibitor DuP-697.

Prostaglandin (PG)E(2) is linked to the progression of several types of cancer through its tumor-associated inflammation in creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment, allowing tumor cells to escape immunosurveillance.

Moreover, in comparison to all anethole modifications in vivo, S-valproate and S-diclofenac, exerted a strong anti-growth of A549 cells. but not S-sulindac.

S-valproate and S-diclofenac significantly inhibited A549 or NCI-H1299 xenograft proliferation in nude mice but had no effect on the nude mouse body weight.

Dr. Moody TW, the lead author, after taking into comparable tests of all ingredients through Western blot, said, "S-valproate and S-diclofenac inhibit the growth of NSCLC cells and reduce PGE(2) levels, they may prove beneficial in the chemoprevention and/or therapy of NSCLC".

The information findings suggested that Arnica and its bioactive ingredients may be considered as a functional herb in the prevention and combined with conventional standard therapy in stop progression and treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Cytotoxicity of flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones from Arnica species against the GLC4 and the COLO 320 cell lines by Woerdenbag HJ1, Merfort I, Passreiter CM, Schmidt TJ, Willuhn G, van Uden W, Pras N, Kampinga HH, Konings AW.(PubMed)
(2) Dithiolethione modified valproate and diclofenac increase E-cadherin expression and decrease proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells by Moody TW1, Switzer C, Santana-Flores W, Ridnour LA, Berna M, Thill M, Jensen RT, Sparatore A, Del Soldato P, Yeh GC, Roberts DD, Giaccone G, Wink DA.(PubMed)
(3) A randomized phase IIb trial of anethole dithiolethione in smokers with bronchial dysplasia by Lam S1, MacAulay C, Le Riche JC, Dyachkova Y, Coldman A, Guillaud M, Hawk E, Christen MO, Gazdar AF.(PubMed)

#Herbal #Andrographis Exhibits Anti Hepatitis Effects, According to Clinical Trials

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a herbal plant for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis infection with no side effects, according to studies.

Hepatitis is a condition characterized by the destruction of a number of liver cells and the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue.

Mose cases of hepatitis are caused by infection of the hepatitis viruses. However, excessive alcohol drinking, disorders of the gallbladder or pancreas, and long-term use of certain medications are also associated with the onset of the disease.

The term is unfortunately commonly used to refer to a particular group of viruses such as Hepatitis A, B, and C.

If you are experiencing persistent symptoms of fatigue, flu-like symptoms, dark urine, pale stool abdominal pain, and jaundice. please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility of hepatitis.

In some cases, hepatitis can also be caused by to immune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, leading to mild to severe chronic inflammation that hinders liver function.

Dr. Yoshio Aizawa, the lead author in the liver diseases research team at the Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center in the examination of the complication of autoimmune hepatitis, wrote, "Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive liver disease characterized by high levels of aminotransferases and autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, and interface hepatitis"

"There is confusion as to the definition of the disease entity and its boundaries in the diagnosis of overlap syndrome, drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis, and AIH with concomitant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or chronic hepatitis C" and "Immunologically, disruption of the immune tolerance to autologous liver antigens may be a trigger of AIH".


Andrographis paniculata is also known as Andrographis is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka.

The herbal plant has been used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic in treating the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia, swollen lymph nodes, leprosy, bronchitis, sore throats, tuberculosis, chicken pox, etc.

With an aim to find a natural compound or remedy for the treatment of hepatitis with no side effects, researchers evaluated the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity of andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone extracted from Andrographis paniculata.

In HCV replicon and HCVcc infectious systems, andrographolide time- and dose-dependently suppressed HCV replication.

Combined with anti-hepatitis medicines, such as IFN-α, an inhibitor targeting HCV NS3/4A protease (telaprevir), or NS5B polymerase (PSI-7977), andrographolide exhibited a significant synergistic effect.
The anti-antiviral effects of the diterpenoid lactone extracted from Andrographis paniculata.were attenuated by an HO-1-specific inhibitor or the inhibition of the HO-1 gene involved the production of oxidative in contributing to the anti-HCV activity.

Furthermore, Andrographolide also activated the alternation of the protein (p38 MAPK) associated with the response to stress stimuli.

Additionally, the Banaras Hindu University, study in the evaluation of the anti-hepatitis effects of Kalmegh(Andrographis paniculata Nees) in the decoction form in patients of infective hepatitis.

Injection of the decoction showed a marked symptomatic improvement in the majority of the cases.

The decoction also showed a statistically highly significant decrease in various liver functions.

Moreover, the application also increased significantly the total serum globulin fraction protein which plays a critical role in liver function.


On the final day of the experiment, researchers said, "total assessment 80% cases of this series were cured and 20% of patients were relieved".

Taken altogether, herbal Andrographis may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention of liver infection and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of liver diseases, pending the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.

Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post

Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years

Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References

(1) Andrographolide exerts anti-hepatitis C virus activity by up-regulating haeme oxygenase-1 via the p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in human hepatoma cells by Lee JC, Tseng CK, Young KC, Sun HY, Wang SW, Chen WC, Lin CK, Wu YH.(PubMed)

(2) Clinical studies on kalmegh (andrographis paniculata nees) in infective hepatitis by Chturvedi GN, Tomar GS, Tiwari SK, Singh KP.(PubMed)

(3) Autoimmune hepatitis: current challenges and future prospects by Yoshio Aizawa and Atsushi Hokari. (PMC)