Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Thursday, 24 January 2019

Sinigrin, the Potential Alternative Antibiotic for Fungal Infection, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton

The bioactive compound Sinigrin may be used as antibiotics for the treatment of fungal infection, studies suggested.

Antibiotics are conventional medicine used for the treatment of microbial infection except for virus.

Fungi are kind of living organisms, including molds, molds, and mushrooms.

Most cases of fungal infections start in the lungs or on the skin. People with the weakened immune system or long-term use of antibiotics and immune suppressive medicine are prone to getting a fungal infection.

Histoplasmosis, which is the most common fungal infection in the US, caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.

However, invasive candidiasis is a common infection, approximately 46,000 cases of invasive candidiasis were diagnosed in the US each year.

Believe or not, there are millions of different fungal species on the Earth, but only about 300 of those make people sick.

Most cases of fungal infection are treated with antibiotics topically or orally.

Untreated fungal infection may cause the spread of fungi to the bloodstream, leading to serious complications including death depending on types of fungal infection.

Sinigrin is a phytochemical glucosinolate, belongs to the family of glucosides found abundantly in Brussels sprouts, broccoli, the seeds of black mustard, etc.

Researchers with an aim to find a natural ingredient used by traditional medicine for the treatment of fungal infection investigated the effect of sinigrin in form of isothiocyanates (ITCs)against Alternaria brassicicola.

Exposure of the fungus to ICTs led to apoptosis through the decreased oxygen consumption rate, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane depolarization.

The effects of fungal-induced infection on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, were inhibited by the presence of ICTs.

The injection of ICTs also induced the expression of oxygen reactive species in killing the fungi through cytotoxicity.

However, ICT-derived ROS was also countered by the expression of different oxidative-response genes stimulated by the Alternaria brassicicola.

The findings strongly suggested that ITCs exert their toxicity on fungal cells.

Taken altogether, sinigrin in form of isothiocyanates (ITCs) may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of fungal infection, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of sinigrin as a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose-induced liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates impact mitochondrial function in fungal cells and elicit an oxidative stress response necessary for growth recovery by Benoit Calmes,1,† Guillaume N’Guyen,1,† Jérome Dumur,1 Carlos A. Brisach,1Claire Campion,1 Béatrice Iacomi,2 Sandrine Pigné,2 Eva Dias,1 David Macherel,1Thomas Guillemette,1 and Philippe Simoneau. (PMC)

Papaya, in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

By Kyle J. Norton

On seeking natural therapy with no side effects, scientists may have found a whole fruit for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, according to studies.

Inflammation is a natural immune response which protects our body against the invasion of stimuli and foreign pathogens.

During the acute phase of infection, the immune first line of defense activates the protein associated with the production of blood palettes to cover the wound and inflammatory cytokines to the site of injury with an aim to prevent and kill off microorganisms.

However, overproduction of inflammatory cytokines not only can induce fever, swelling, and pain to the affected area but also damage to the nearby cells and tissue, leading to the formation of scars.

Chronic inflammatory diseases are the class of conditions involved low-grade inflammation to the affect tissue or organ. Some researchers suggested that the immune system has evolved over thousands of year to kill off the foreign invasive pathogens within a period of times, normally between 3 to 8 weeks. If the immune fails to do so, it will adapt to the new change, leading to chronic inflammation.

There are several factors that cause the onset of the conditions. Some scientists indicated untreated acute inflammation, such as an infection or injury and an autoimmune disorder involved immune system mistakenly attacking healthy tissue are the most causes of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Certain risk factors such as long-term exposure to irritants, such as industrial chemicals or polluted air, the increase in age, being obesity or obesity, low sex hormone production, sleep disorder and diet.

The Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna study suggested that cigarette smoking is emerging as a strong risk factor in the otherwise unknown etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases. The risk of nicotine smokers showed a substantial increase in the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases compared to ever-nonsmokers.

Papaya is a species of Carica Papaya, belonging to the family Caricaceae and native to the tropics of the Americas, and was first cultivated in Mexico and several centuries

Chemical constituents
Alkaloids, Cardenolides, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Tannin, phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, Benzyl glucosinolate, benzylisothiocyanate, 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone, etc.

With an aim to investigate the therapeutic potential of fruit and vegetables in the inhibition of inflammation, with no side-effects and the whole foods additive and synergistic benefits, researchers at the Universiti Putra Malaysia, examined the role of papaya in mediating inflammatory responses.

On cells of healthy individuals, according to the flow cytometry methods, injection of the fruit significant inhibited the overexpression of IFN-γ(+), a cytokine that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity and CD4(+), in the activation of the cells of the innate immune system, B-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cells.

The application also showed to increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines which play a critical role in reducing the risk of inflammation.

These results suggested that papaya suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines through its anti-inflammatory response mediated through Tregs, a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress the immune response.

In other words, papaya modulates the systematic immune response through a set of mechanisms in the acute phase of infection.

Furthermore, on finding a natural ingredient or whole food for the treatment for patients with sepsis, a serious unbalanced hyperinflammatory condition, researchers evaluated the effect of mangiferin (MF), a natural glucosyl xanthone found in both mango and papaya.

Application of mangiferin (MF) was found epidemiologically to attenuate cecal ligation and puncture-induced mortality and acute lung injury (ALI), by reduced systemic and pulmonary inflammatory responses.

In Sepsis patients, pretreatment with MF inhibits sepsis-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases which play a critic role in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling (NF-κB) associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine for cell survival.

These actions indicated that pretreatment with MF inhibits production of proinflammatory mediators associated with immune responses.

In the tested animal, MF dose-dependently exhibited the expression and activity of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, a gene which plays a critical role in the prevention of vascular inflammation. in the lung of septic mice.

Dr.Gong X, the lead scientist said, 'MF attenuates sepsis by up-regulation of HO-1 that protects against sepsis-induced ALI through inhibiting inflammatory signaling and proinflammatory mediators", after taking into account co and confounders.

Interestingly, in the evaluated fermented papaya preparation, a functional food supplement, researchers at the Touro College of Pharmacy also found that the fermentation exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunostimulatory (at the level of the mucous membrane), through a set of bioactive compounds found in the fruit.

Taken altogether, papaya may be considered a functional fruit for the prevention and treatment of the diseases associated with chronic inflammation.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(a) Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco and Citrullara by Loizzo MR1, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Tundis R.(PubMed)
(1) Carica papayaincreases regulatory T cells and reduces IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells in healthy human subjects by Abdullah M1, Chai PS, Loh CY, Chong MY, Quay HW, Vidyadaran S, Seman Z, Kandiah M, Seow HF. (PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory effects of mangiferin on sepsis-induced lung injury in mice via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by Gong X1, Zhang L, Jiang R, Ye M, Yin X, Wan J.(PubMed)
(3) Applications and bioefficacy of the functional food supplement fermented papaya preparation by Aruoma OI1, Hayashi Y, Marotta F, Mantello P, Rachmilewitz E, Montagnier L.(PubMed)
(4) Smoking, use of moist snuff, and risk of chronic inflammatory diseases by Carlens C1, Hergens MP, Grunewald J, Ekbom A, Eklund A, Höglund CO, Askling J.(PubMed)

Artichoke, the Potential Anti Metabolic Syndrome Natural Remedy, According to Medical Literature

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a natural ingredient for the treatment of metabolic syndrome with no side effect, according to studies.

A metabolic syndrome is a group of syndromes or diseases associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and types 2 diabetes, including high blood pressure, sugar, cholesterol and triglyceride levels and excess body fat around the waist.

If you have 3 of the above syndrome you are considered to have metabolic syndrome.

According to statistics, metabolic syndrome is a growing prevalence of chronic conditions, accounting to 17% of all health care cost and directly contributing to the 43% of all deaths in Canada.

In other words, 1 in 5 people in Canada has metabolic syndrome, affecting 19.1% of all Canadian adults.

There are certain risk factors associated with the onset of metabolic syndrome besides the five mentioned above including age, family history of metabolic syndrome, physical activity, and women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Untreated metabolic syndrome epidemiologically may induce complications of chronic illness such as atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and kidney diseases.

Some researchers suggested that metabolic syndrome and the widespread obesity in the US may be correlated as they share a hallmark of insulin resistance.

Dr. Keller KB in the differentiation of the metabolic syndrome in obese wrote, "Westernization of diets has been part of the problem. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are being replaced by readily accessible foods high in saturated fat, sugar, and refined carbohydrates".

And, "The metabolic syndrome associated with abdominal obesity, which includes insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and elevated CRP levels, identifies subjects who have an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Twenty to 25% of the adult population in the United States have the metabolic syndrome, and in some older groups this prevalence approaches 50%".

The results strongly suggested that both metabolic syndrome and obesity in the US population are attributed to the Western diet pattern.

In other words, by changing to a healthy diet such as traditional diet, the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome can be decreased substantially.

Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.

The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as a liver protective and detoxified agent, and to treat digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.

Scientists on finding a natural ingredient for the treatment of metabolic syndrome examined the long-term supplementation with dietary luteolin (LU)-enriched artichoke leaf (AR) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its complications in C57BL/6N mice.

Selected mice were fed a normal diet, an HFD, or an HFD plus AR or LU for 16 weeks.

In the HFD-fed mice, application of AR decreased the adiposity and dyslipidemia by decreasing lipogenesis.

Moreover, AR +LU prevented insulin sensitivity by decreasing the level of plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide and activity of hepatic glucogenic enzymes and the proteins associated with liver inflammation,

Additional analysis of the effect of AR and LU suggested, although the anti-metabolic syndrome effects of AR and LU were similar, the anti-adiposity and anti-dyslipidemic effects of AR were more pronounced.

The findings strongly support the use of artichoke for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

In order to know more information of artichoke anti-metabolic syndrome activity, researchers evaluated the protective effect of the ethanol leaves extract of C. scolymus in alloxan induced stress oxidant, hepatic-kidney dysfunction and histological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreas of different experimental groups of rats.

The total of 40 male Wistar rats included in the study were induced to diabetes with a single dose intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), then the diabetic rats were orally and daily administrated of ethanol extract from C. scolymus at two doses (200-400 mg/kg, b.w) or (12 mg/kg, b.w) with anti-diabetic reference drug, Acarbose for one month.

In vivo, injection of the ethanol extracts from the leaves of C. scolymus (200-400 mg/kg) decreased significantly, the α-amylase levels in serum of diabetic rats associated with a significant reduction in blood glucose rate of 42,84% and 37,91% after 28 days of treatment.

The extracts also induced a significant lowered of plasma total cholesterol (T-Ch) by 18,11% and triglyceride (TG) by 60,47%, low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) by 37,77%, compared to diabetic rats.

Oxidative stress markers in the liver, kidney, and pancreas also were reduced by the injection of the extracts.

The findings suggested the anti-metabolic syndrome of artichoke was attributed to its anti-hyperglycemic properties, at least partly mediated by antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects

Taken altogether, artichoke may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Luteolin-Enriched Artichoke Leaf Extract Alleviates the Metabolic Syndrome in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Kwon EY1,2, Kim SY3, Choi MS. (PubMed)
(2) Protective effects of Cynara scolymus leaves extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in alloxan-diabetic rats by Ben Salem M1, Ben Abdallah Kolsi R2, Dhouibi R1, Ksouda K1, Charfi S3, Yaich M4, Hammami S1, Sahnoun Z1, Zeghal KM1, Jamoussi K4, Affes H. (PubMed)
(3) Obesity and the metabolic syndrome by Keller KB1, Lemberg L. (PubMed)

Wednesday, 23 January 2019

Ginger, the Potential Anti Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthmatic Patients

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a pungent spice for the treatment of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic patients, according to the studies.

Airway hyperresponsiveness is a hallmark of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by the exaggerated response of the airways to nonspecific stimuli.

Asthma is respiratory disease associated caused by the spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, leading to symptoms of difficulty in breathing. In other words, asthma is a disease as the results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.

Asthma attacks can be dangerous, if not treated immediately. In an asthma attack, the airways become swollen and inflamed, leading to overproduction of mucus, that causes the narrowing of the airway.

According to the statistics provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 in the US, or more than 26 million people have asthma, with 8.3 percent of adults and 8.3 percent of children.

The exact cause of asthma is not known. But exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens), including airborne substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander are most common prevalent risk factors.

Some researchers suggested that widespread obesity may be correlated to the rise of asthmatic cases over the past few decades.

Dr. Sveta Mohanan and colleagues in examing the pathophysiology and implications of obesity and asthma in primary care centers wrote, "Mainstream clinical practice has yet to adopt aggressive management of obesity as a modifiable risk factor in asthma care, as is the case with a risk factor like tobacco or allergen exposure".

And, "Our review suggests that evidence of chronic inflammatory response linking obesity and asthma indicates a need to address obesity during asthma management, possibly using patient-centered approaches such as shared decision making".

The findings strongly indicated a link between obesity and the risk of asthma.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of respiratory infection with no side effects evaluated the ginger activity on airway smooth muscle relaxation and calcium regulation.

In isolated human ASM, researchers found that ginger caused significant and rapid relaxation.

In both guinea pig and human tracheas, injection of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol induced rapid relaxation of precontracted ASM (100–300 μM) compared to [10]-gingerol failure in the induction of relaxation.

In human ASM cells, exposure to [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol, blunted subsequent Ca2+ responses to bradykinin (10 μM) and S-(−)-Bay K 8644 (10 μM) associated with the reuptake in airway smooth muscle compared to no response of the [10]-gingerol at a concentration of 100 μM.

Futhermore, in A/J mice, the nebulization of [8]-gingerol (100 μM), 15 minutes before methacholine challenge, significantly attenuated airway resistance, compared with vehicle.

These results suggested that not all compounds from ginger experts a respiratory protective effect through inducing airway smooth muscle relaxation, thus decreasing the symptoms of asthma.

Dr. Elizabeth A. Townsend, the lead scientists said, "these novel data show that ginger and its isolated active components, [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol, relax ASM, and [8]-gingerol attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness, in part by altering [Ca2+] I regulation".

In order to reveal more information about ginger relaxed airway smooth muscle (ASM) activity, researchers examined the 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, or 6-shogaol bioactive compounds found in ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced ASM relaxation.

In human ASM, the airway issues were relaxed dose-dependently with β-agonist, isoproterenol, in the presence of vehicles, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, or 6-shogaol (100 μM).

A Significant potentiation of isoproterenol-induced relaxation was observed with each of the ginger constituents. 6-Shogaol showed the largest shift in isoproterenol half-maximal effective concentration.

6-Gingerol, 8-gingerol, or 6-shogaol significantly inhibited PDE4D involved smooth muscle contractility, whereas 8-gingerol and 6-shogaol also inhibited phospholipase C β activity also involved constriction of smooth muscle.

The findings strongly suggested that Isolated components of ginger potentiate βagonist-induced relaxation in human ASM.

Taken altogether, ginger processed a number of bioactive compounds may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and combined with primary therapy for the treatment of asthmatic symptoms through attenuating air hyperresponsiveness.

1 Matthew E. Siviski,1 Yi Zhang,1 Carrie Xu,1 Bhupinder Hoonjan,2 andCharles W. Emala. (PMC)
(2) Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins by Townsend EA1, Zhang Y, Xu C, Wakita R, Emala CW. (PubMed)
(3) Obesity and asthma: Pathophysiology and implications for diagnosis and management in primary care. by Sveta Mohanan, Hazel Tapp, Andrew McWilliams, and Michael Dulin. (PubMed)

Ginger Kills Retinoblastoma Cancer Cells

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have a pungent spice which processes a potential to treat retinoblastoma, according to studies.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare form of cancer rapidly developed due to the production of the immature cells of a retina. Retina, composed many layers, is the sensory membrane that lines the inner surface of the back of the eyeball. Most cases of retinoblastoma (Rb) are found in young children.

According to the statistics, provided by the American Cancer Society, approximately 200 to 300 children are diagnosed with retinoblastoma each year in the United States. The average age of children affected by retinoblastoma is 2. The disease rarely occurs in children older than 6.

Retinoblastoma diagnosed at the early stage is curable. However, the advanced form of retinoblastoma can be life-threatening.

Epidemiological studies suggested that age and genetic preposition are the 2 most common risk factors associated with the onset of retinoblastoma.

Some researchers suggested that children inherited gene Rb may be associated with the risk of retinoblastoma development.

Dr. Jun Yun and colleagues in examing the epidemiology and Rb1 gene of retinoblastoma said, "Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common eye cancer in children and it can be inherited".

And, "In children with the heritable genetic form of Rb, there is a mutation on chromosome 13, called the retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) gene. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to the successful treatment of the Rb."

The results strongly suggested that the mutation gene Rb1prevents the protein to carry the function as a negative regulator of the cell cycle, leading to the unbalance between cell growth and development, a major cause of retinoblastoma.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Scientists may have found a natural ingredient for the treatment of retinoblastoma with no side effects by examing the gingerol anti-cancer activity on retinoblastoma cancer cells (RB355 Cell Line).

Application of gingerol exerted dose-dependent and time-dependent growth inhibitory effects against the retinoblastoma cells.

The growth inhibitory effects of gingerol were less pronounced against normal fr2 cells. In other words, ginger application inhibited the growth of retinoblastoma cells without affecting the normal epithelial fr2 cells.

Compared to the untreated control cells, gingerol-treated cells at concentrations of 25, 75, and 150 μM had drastic changes in cell morphology, including rounding and withering of cells, with disorganized cell layers, the indications of rupture of the cell membrane and cellular damage.

Furthermore, untreated cells showed normal green fluorescence and gingerol-treated cells showed yellow/red fluorescence captured and classified by the image test.

Moreover, gingerol also displayed an inhibitory activity at a dose-dependent in the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest on RB355 retinoblastoma cells.

In-depth analysis, researchers found that the kitchen spice at concentration-dependent also inhibits the protein expressions involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival, and intracellular trafficking,

Dr. Bo Meng and colleagues wrote in the final report, "Gingerol exhibits potent anticancer effects in RB355 human retinoblastoma cancer cells and these effects were mediated via apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway".

Where PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway associated with the cell division cycle.

Taken altogether, ginger processed abundantly bioactive compound gingerol may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of retinoblastoma, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

1,A,C,G. (PMC)
(2) Epidemiology and Rb1 gene of retinoblastoma by Jun Yun,1 Yang Li,2 Chang-Tai Xu,3 and Bo-Rong Pan. (PMC)

Ginger, the Best Neuroprotective Functional Remedy

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a pungent spice which processes a potential for the treatment of neurological diseases, according to studies.

Neurological diseases are medical conditions associated with the brain, spinal core, and the nerves of the central nervous system.

Depending on the location of the damage, people with neurological disease may experience symptoms that affect the moving, speaking, swallowing, breathing, or learning.

There are over 600 types of neurological diseases. However, according to the World Health Organization, migraines and Alzheimer’s disease are the 2 most common types of neurological diseases, affecting 326 million and 24 millions worldwide population respectively.

Most common risk factors that cause the onset of the medical condition include genetic preposition, environmental influences, and physical injuries.

Some researchers suggested that an unhealthy lifestyle are the major causes of neurological diseases in North American.

Dr. Null G in examing the lifestyle choice and chronic diseases wrote, "an intervention of diet and lifestyle, including a vegan diet, fruit, and vegetable juices, nutritional supplements, regular exercise, and distressing techniques, would affect 27 subjects with anxiety, depression, poor memory, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, history of stroke, or multiple sclerosis. Several subjects had overlapping conditions".

Therefore, it is clear to all people that following a healthy diet with a high amount of fruits, and vegetables and moderated exercise are the best to reduce the risk of neurological disorder.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound with less cost for the treatment of neurological diseases examined the neuroprotective and memory enhancing effect of [6]-gingerol (GIN), a pungent ingredient of ginger, in an animal model of amnesia.

In cognitive dysfunction C57BL/6 mice induced by the injection of scopolamine (SCO, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), tested mice demonstrated a behavior changes and memory impairments, such as decreased alteration (%).

According to the assay observed after infection of SCO, tested mice also displayed an increased mean escape latency in water maze test, diminished step-through latency in passive avoidance test, and shortened the freezing time in fear condition test,

Application of 6-gingerol at 10 or 25 mg/kg/day not only exerted a clinical statistic in restoring all the changes induced by SCO but also improved the function of neuroactivity.

The results were attributed to the 6-gingerol neuroprotective mechanism in focusing on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), involved the canonical nerve growth factor.

Dr. the lead scientist said, "GIN may have preventive and/or therapeutic potentials in the management of memory deficit and cognitive impairment in mice with amnesia".

In order to reveal more information about ginger neuroprotective effects, researchers investigated the role of 6-gingerol on inhibiting amyloid β protein-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Ginger reversed the behavioral dysfunction and prevented Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms induced by the amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in a rat model.

Pre-treatment with 6-gingerol significantly increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in Aβ1–42-treated cells.

Furthermore, pretreatment of 6-gingerol not only markedly reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokine and leakage of enzymes involved turning sugar into energy and high low-density lipoprotein LDH.

Moreover, 6-gingerol also improved the production of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with the Aβ1–42 treatment group.

These findings strongly suggested that 6-gingerol exhibited protective effects on neuron apoptosis induced by Aβ1–42 in cultured PC12 cells by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and mutated gene expression involved neuronal cell development and enhanced protein functions on the association of cellular process.

Taken altogether, ginger processed abundantly 6-gingerol may be considered a neuroprotective functional remedym, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenterr human study.

1,* Shao-hui Zong,2,* Zhi-yong Zhang,1 Song-wen Fu,1 Ke-ke Li,3 Ye Fang,3Li Lu,1 and De-qiang Xiao. (PMC)
(3) Nutrition and Lifestyle Intervention on Mood and Neurological Disorders by Null G1, Pennesi L2, Feldman M. (PubMed)

Tuesday, 22 January 2019

Honey, the Natural Ingredient that Normalizes Your Blood Pressure with No Side Effects, According to Human Studies

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a natural alternative for the treatment of hypertension, according to studies.

Hypertension is a condition of abnormally high blood pressure. It is a member of the cluster conditions associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood.

According to the statistics provided by the American Heart Association, approximately, 103 million U.S. adults have high blood pressure, or 1 in 2 adults in the US have the syndrome.

Bad eating habit, unhealthy lifestyle and certain medical conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, and sleep apnea are some of the risk factors of high blood pressure.

However, some researchers suggested that the prevalence of obesity over past few decades may have a strong impact on the increased high blood pressure risk in the US.

Dr. Shu-Zhong Jiang and colleagues in examining the obesity and the high blood pressure risk wrote, "Obesity is a major risk for essential hypertension, diabetes and other morbidity that contribute to the development of kidney disease because it mainly increases tubular reabsorption to impair pressure natriuresis and cause volume expansion,...".

And, "Additionally, obesity causes cardiovascular and renal diseases through several mechanisms including hypertension, hyperglycemia, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, which are disorders that can coexist, particularly in the presence of excess visceral fat to cause metabolic syndrome () and are characterized by alteration in fat metabolism through lipid accumulation".

The results strongly suggested that obesity not only is associated with hypertension but also is the major contributor to the risk of other chronic diseases.

Honey is the miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers.

The rich golden liquid It is considered one of healthy sweet food for replacing the use of white sugar and artificial sweetener by many people.

Researchers on finding a herbal remedy for the treatment of hypertension with no side effects examined the honey effect on blood pressure and heart rate.

The study included 50 in healthy male subjects, who were given 20 ml of honey to consume and their systolic SBP, DBP and HR were measured at different intervals; 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the intake of honey.

Honey treatment significantly (p = 0.05) decreased SBP from 117.80±0.88 to 110.20±2.14 after 15 minutes of honey intake.

The blood pressure of the honey treatment was maintained as the reading after 30 minutes of honey consumption was 111.33±2.14, and 60 minutes of honey intake was 110.4±2.08.

The findings clearly suggested that honey has a short-term effect in reducing blood pressure in healthy individuals.

In order to reveal more information about honey anti-high blood pressure activity, researchers investigated the honey effect on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy male and female.

The study included 100 healthy male and female participants who were given 20ml honey orally administered. The basal systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) before injection of honey were taken as the control values.

Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 15, 30, 60 minutes with a digital sphygmomanometer and analog sphygmomanometer as a check.

The results showed that mean SBP decreased significantly in female compared to male at control, after 15, 30 and 60 minutes of oral administration of 20ml of honey.

DBP decreased significantly in female compared to male at control, after 15 minutes and 60 minutes of oral administration of 20ml of honey and HR decreased (p=.05) significantly.

The results indicated that honey has a strong effect in reducing the blood pressure in female compared to the male counterpart, probably due to hormone expression.

Taken altogether, honey may be considered a function remedy for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure, particularly in the female, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

(2) Comparative Study of Effect of Honey on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Healthy Male and Female Subjects Aluko Esther Olusola1*, Olubobokun Titilope Helen1 , I. Bassey Enobong2 and Atang Dara Ezekiel. (British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research)
(3) Obesity and hypertension by Shu-Zhong Jiang, Wen Lu, Xue-Feng Zong, Hong-Yun Ruan, and Yi Liu. (PMC)