Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Thursday, 24 March 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): Medical treatment In conventional medicine

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)

1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia

Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica)

Polymalagia Arthritis is defined as a condition a common inflammatory rheumatic disease which causes pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdle as a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures.

Treatments

A. In conventional medicine perspective

A.2. Medical treatment
1. Tocilizumab (TCZ)
1.1. The effectiveness
Tocilizumab (TCZ),the first humanized anti proinflammatory agent in the interleukin-6 receptor-
inhibiting monoclonal antibody developed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, may also be efectively for treatment of PMR(152) becauses of its significant improvement of the patient's clinical and biochemical PMR activity(152).
In the study to assess the outcomes of 10 patients with relapsing/refractory GCA, TAK, or PMR treated with tocilizumab (TCZ), found that TCZ led to clinical and serological improvement in patients with PMR, through reduced symptoms of disease activity, inflammatory markers(153).

2.2. The adverse effects are not limit to
q. Dizziness
b. Headache
c. Allergic effects, such as rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing, etc.
d. Skin changes
e. Tiredness or weakness
f. Etc.

2. Corticosteroids [CS] and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs])
2.1. Corticosteroids, a drug, a common presentation in primary care, and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (sometimes also referred to as traditional NSAIDs or tNSAIDs) are the first choice of treating of Polymalagia Arthritis, but the use of CS and NSAIDs in the treatment of PMR is associated with important long-term morbidity, according to Gabriel SE, Sunku J, Salvarani C.(154).
The total of 176 patients in whom polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) or giant cell arteritis (GCA) diagnosed between 1968 and 1980 study, treated with corticosteroids, showed no patient suffered a serious disease complication after starting treatment. Regular follow-up enabled the minimum effective corticosteroid dose to be used. Complications of treatment were infrequent(155).

2.2. The adverse effects ate not limit to
a. Corticosteroids [CS]
a.1. Corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome
a.2. Hyperglycemia
a.3. Insulin resistance
a.4. Diabetes mellitus
a.5. Osteoporosis
a.6. Depression
a.7. Colitis
a.8. Etc.

b. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]
NSAIDs may cause large intestinal ulcers, bleeding, and perforationoccasionally(156), mostly in duodenum of which represent a range of asymptomatic pathologies but some are life threatening(156).The use of the medication are also found to induce important long-term morbidity(157).

(152) Effective control of polymyalgia rheumatica with tocilizumab by Al Rashidi A1, Hegazi MO, Mohammad SA, Varghese A.(PubMed)

(153) Tocilizumab for the treatment of large-vessel vasculitis (giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis) and polymyalgia rheumatica by Unizony S1, Arias-Urdaneta L, Miloslavsky E, Arvikar S, Khosroshahi A, Keroack B, Stone JR, Stone JH.(PubMed)

(154) Adverse outcomes of antiinflammatory therapy among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica by Gabriel SE1, Sunku J, Salvarani C, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG.(PubMed)

(155) Polymyalgia rheumatica and corticosteroids: how much for how long? by Behn AR, Perera T, Myles AB.(PubMed)

Wednesday, 23 March 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): Non Medication In conventional treatment

Treatments

A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Non Medication

1. Fasting as part of a naturopathic treatment

Fasting may be formed part of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) treatment, according to the Dr. Stange R. and Dr, Pflugbeil C. a complex therapy with methods of natural medicine comprising fasting as its main treatment element may be the best solution for treatment of the diseases(148), as the therapy has significant improvement of the immune condition of the intestine and consequently of the whole body(149).

2. Diet therapy
Leucine-rich milk and whey proteins may be a potential treatment of age related loss of muscle mass and strength, according to the study of Douglas Paddon-Jones and Dr. Blake B. Rasmussen(150). Other in a A randomized double blind crossover trial, suggested that exercise and amino acid supplementation (AAS) together may be effective in enhancing not only muscle strength, but also combined variables of muscle mass and walking speed and of muscle mass and strength in sarcopenic women(151).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

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References

(148) [Fasting as part of a naturopathic treatment approach for polymyalgia rheumatica].[Article in German] by Stange R1, Pflugbeil C.(PubMed)
(149)[Progression of intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A and the condition of the patients during naturopathic therapy and fasting therapy].[Article in German] by Beer AM1, Rüffer A, Balles J, Ostermann T.(PubMed)
(150) Dietary protein recommendations and the prevention of sarcopenia Protein, amino acid metabolism and therapy by Douglas Paddon-Jones and Blake B. Rasmussen(PubMed)

(151) Similar effects of leucine rich and regular dairy products on muscle mass and functions of older polymyalgia rheumatica patients: a randomized crossover trial. by Björkman MP1, Pilvi TK, Kekkonen RA, Korpela R, Tilvis RS.(PubMed)

Tuesday, 22 March 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): The Antioxidants

The Antioxidants

Free radicals are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. They may have positive, negative or zero charge.

1. Immune system and functioning (Free radical scavengers)
Free Radicals play an important role in the function of the Immune System. The immune system produces free radicals to kill foreign microbes(176, 127)(177,128), but the production of free radical sometime can be excessive, leading to formation of a large number of free radicals(178,129)(179,130). The domino effects have shown to induce many chronic illness, such as cancers(179,130).

a. Vitamin A
vitamin A plays an essential roles in enhancing a broad range of immune processes, including white blood cells activation and proliferation(180,132)of T-helper-cell differentiation, the production of specific antibody in regulation of the immune response(182,133).

b. Vitamin C
Due to recent promotion of western diet in some developed country, deficiencies of micronutrients are emerging as the limiting factors in ensuring children's optimal health, according Bayer Consumer Care Ltd(134). Deficiency of vitamin C and zinc in fact, interfere with normal children's growth and development(134). Researchers found that vitamin C raised the concentration in the blood of total immunoglobulin(183,135) in promotion of the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens(184,136).
c. Vitamin D
Deficiency of vitamin D is found to associate to nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. According to Maccabi Healthcare Services, improvement of levels of 25OHD reduced Polymyalgia pain induced by the use of statins(131).

c. Vitamin E
According to Dr. Moriguchi S and Dr. Muraga M., vitamin E plays an essential role in enhanced immunity especially in cellular immunity with aging(137). Deficiency of vitamin E is found to induces the decreased differentiation of immature T cells associated to the increased infectious diseases and the incidence of tumors(137)

d. Zinc
Zinc, having a regulatory role in the immune system, as a antioxidant is essential mineral improved immune system by enhancing the proper function of T and B cells(188,138) which belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, in fighting against damaging free radicals(190,139).

2. Antioxidants and inflammation
Diet included vitamin E significantly reduce the levels of inflammation by analyzing the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood serum(193,140).
a. Glucosamine and chondroitin

Glucosamine used for treatment of osteoporosis and prevent the degenerative collagen, has been found to consist anti-inflammatory properties through reduction of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6(141). The supplement also exhibited a significant reduction in pain intensity at movement and resting state, according to a Russian study(142).
b DLPA (dl- phenylalanine)
DLPA, a mixture of D-Phenylalanine and L-Phenylalanine, is a nutritional supplement amino acid(196,143). Taltirelin, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog, showed effectively to relieve inflammatory persistent pain through iots antiallodynic action(144).

c. Methylsulfonylmethane, also known DMSO2 is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2SO2 showed to exhibit anti inflammatory effects in attenuated production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)(145).
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Fifty men and women, 40-76 years of age MSM (3g twice a day) improved symptoms of pain and physical function during the short intervention without major adverse events, after 12 weeks(199,146)(200,147).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(177,128) Superoxide Anion and Its Functions(Beta Forces)
(178,129) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease by Valko M1, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J.(PubMed)
(179,130) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer by Valko M1, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M.(PubMed)

(131) Muscle pain and serum creatine kinase are not associated with low serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in patients receiving statins by Kurnik D1, Hochman I, Vesterman-Landes J, Kenig T, Katzir I, Lomnicky Y, Halkin H, Loebstein R.

(180,132) Cellular immunity in osteoarthritis: novel concepts for an old disease by Liossis SN1, Tsokos GC.(PubMed)
(182,133) Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health by Lien Ai Pham-Huy,1 Hua He,2 and Chuong Pham-Huy3(PMC)

(134) Essential role of vitamin C and zinc in child immunity and health by Maggini S1, Wenzlaff S, Hornig D.(PubMed)

(183,135) New insights into the mechanisms of polyphenols beyond antioxidant properties; lessons from the green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin 3-gallate by Hae-Suk Kim,a Michael J. Quon,c and Jeong-a Kima,b(PMC)
(184,136) Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications by Singh BN1, Shankar S, Srivastava RK.(PubMed)

(137) Vitamin E and immunity by Moriguchi S1, Muraga M.(PubMed)
(188,138) Green tea: a new option for the prevention or control of osteoarthritis by Katiyar SK, Raman C.(PubMed)
(190,139) Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans role of oxidative stress by K Esposito, F Nappo, R Marfella, G Giugliano, F Giugliano, M Ciotola(Circulation)
(193,140) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis: progress and promise by Ahmed S1.(PubMed)

(141) Associations between glucosamine and chondroitin supplement use and biomarkers of systemic inflammation by Kantor ED1, Lampe JW, Navarro SL, Song X, Milne GL, White E.(PubMed)

(142) [A role of melatonin in the treatment of low back pain].[Article in Russian] by Kurganova YM, Danilov AB.(PubMed)

(196,143)

(144) Taltirelin, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog, alleviates mechanical allodynia through activation of descending monoaminergic neurons in persistent inflammatory pain by Eto K1, Kim SK, Nabekura J, Ishibashi H.(PubMed)

(145) Methylsulfonylmethane inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Ahn H1, Kim J1, Lee MJ1, Kim YJ2, Cho YW3, Lee GS4.(PubMed)

(199, 146) Efficacy of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in osteoarthritis pain of the knee: a pilot clinical trial. by Kim LS1, Axelrod LJ, Howard P, Buratovich N, Waters RF.(PubMed)
(200, 147) Efficacy of methylsulfonylmethane supplementation on osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled study by Debbi EM1, Agar G, Fichman G, Ziv YB, Kardosh R, Halperin N, Elbaz A, Beer Y, Debi R.(PubMed)

Monday, 21 March 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): The Phytochemicals

The Phytochemicals

Significantly inflammation has been found to accompany with patient with Polymyalgia Rheumatica(PMR). Certain phytochemicals have found effectively for treatment of inflammatory symptoms of patient with PMR, including the following

1. Polyphenols(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)(Green tea)
Polyphenols(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) processed anti viral and bacterial effects through immune expression such as chronic or acute inflammation(115). Dr. Xiao J and the research team at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology suggested, pure extract of (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibited inflammation through antioxidant activities against oxidative stress and down regulated pro-inflammatory markers(116).
According to the Universitat de Girona (UdG), Polyphenols(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) also showed to reduce pain in attenuated alterations by diminishing apoptotic gene overexpression in skeletal muscles(117)

2. Curcumin
Curcumin, a phytochemical found in turmeric used in the Indian cooking recipe has found to process the antioxidants and anti inflammatory effects, epidemiologically.
It inhibited muscle pain, muscle damage, inflammation and delayed onset muscle soreness, the SportsMed Canterbury study suggested.(118), through attenuatd inflammatory responses and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that sustain both inflammation and oxidative stress(119).

In fact Dr. Anand P and the research team at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, said, curcumin beside inhibited pain in many therapeutic levels but also linked to suppression of inflammation; angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and diseases of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurological systems(120).

3. Resveratrol
Resveratrol (RES), a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatorycompound, found abundantly in red wine, exerted numerous pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotection and cadioprotection(121). According to the University of Arizona study, resveratrol facilitated acute and chronic pain through activation of AMPK, the enzyme played a key role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis(122).

4. Boswellic acid
Gum-resin extracts of Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent study showed that the acid are also responsible for inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes(123). Dr Bishnoi M and the research team at the University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, suggested that the phytochemical also may help to reduce the therapeutic doses of conventional NSAIDs and side effects when used conjunction with nimesulide(124).

5. Cucurbitacins
Cucurbitacins found in the common pumpkins and gourds processed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in reduced pain through inhibition of the neurogenic (first phase) and inflammatory phase (second phase) of formalin-induced pain(125). The phytochemical also inhibit pain caused by chronic rheumatic disease through anti pro inflammayory cytokine activity(126).

(115) Compounds derived from epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a novel approach to the prevention of viral infections by Hsu S.(PubMed)
(116) Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rat model through TGF/SMAD, PI3 K/Akt/FoxO1, and NF-kappa B pathways by Xiao J1, Ho CT, Liong EC, Nanji AA, Leung TM, Lau TY, Fung ML, Tipoe GL.(PubMed)
(116) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates functional deficits and morphological alterations by diminishing apoptotic gene overexpression in skeletal muscles after sciatic nerve crush injury by Renno WM1, Al-Maghrebi M, Al-Banaw A(PubMed)).
(118) Curcumin supplementation likely attenuates delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) by Nicol LM1, Rowlands DS, Fazakerly R, Kellett J.(PubMed)
(119) Reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness by a novel curcumin delivery system (Meriva®): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial by Drobnic F1, Riera J1, Appendino G2, Togni S3, Franceschi F3, Valle X4, Pons A5, Tur J5.(PubMed)
(120) Biological activities of curcumin and its analogues (Congeners) made by man and Mother Nature.by Anand P1, Thomas SG, Kunnumakkara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Sung B, Tharakan ST, Misra K, Priyadarsini IK, Rajasekharan KN, Aggarwal BB.(PubMed)
(121) Resveratrol nanoparticle system improves dissolution properties and enhances the hepatoprotective effect of resveratrol through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways by Lee CW1, Yen FL, Huang HW, Wu TH, Ko HH, Tzeng WS, Lin CC.(PubMed)
(122) Resveratrol engages AMPK to attenuate ERK and mTOR signaling in sensory neurons and inhibits incision-induced acute and chronic pain by Tillu DV1, Melemedjian OK, Asiedu MN, Qu N, De Felice M, Dussor G, Price TJ.(PubMed)
(123) Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview by Siddiqui MZ1.(PubMed)
(124) Potentiation of antinociceptive effect of NSAIDs by a specific lipooxygenase inhibitor, acetyl 11-keto-betaboswellic acid by Bishnoi M1, Patil CS, Kumar A, Kulkarni SK.(PubMed)
(125) Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of cucurbitacins from Wilbrandia ebracteata by Peters RR1, Farias MR, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM.(PubMed)
(126) Nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase may participate in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of thecucurbitacins fraction from Wilbrandia ebracteata by Peters RR1, Baier Krepsky P, Siqueira-Junior J, da Silva Rocha JC, Marques Bezerra M, de Albuquerque Ribeiro R, de Brum-Fernandes AJ, Rocha Farias M,Castro da Rocha FA, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM(PubMed)

Sunday, 20 March 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): The Diet

The diet

Dietary consumption plays an important part in reduce or increase risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. A typical American diet with high amount of red meat, fat and trans fat, processed, meat, artificial ingredients, refined products are associated to promote the expression of pro inflammatory cytokines, leading to all kinds of diseases including chronic inflammatory, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

1. Organic Soy
Dietary rich in organic soy was associated to decrease risk of chronic inflammatory diseases through attenuation of inflammatory marker such as C-reactive protein (CRP) in related to risk of Polymyalgia Rheumatica(PMR)(103).
Dr. Nasca MM and the research team at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center suggested, Soy nuts were associated with a trend toward reduction in C-reactive protein in normotensive women, improved over all inflammatory process(104).

2. Green tea
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.
Green tea polyphenols (GTP) was effective against chronic inflammation through attenuating the deterioration of bone microarchitecture, according to the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, in animal study(105).

Also in rat study, alcoholic extracts of green tea (AE) exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, through inhibited carrageenan-induced cell migration(106).
Decaffeinated green tea also expressed the immunomodulatory effects through enhancing the immune system against inflammatory disease in rainbow trout(107).

3. Olive oil
Olive is belongs to the the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin and south end of the Caspian Sea. Its fruit, is also called the olive and the source of olive oil.
Consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) was found to decrease joint edema, cell migration, cartilage degradation and bone erosion throguh attenuate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2(108). according joint study by the University of Seville.

In adult male Balb/C mice study, olive oil decreased the second phase of formalin-induced pain through its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity(109).

The Chemistry and health of olive oil phenolics study also found the the positive effects of olive oil phenolics on certain physiological parameters, such as plasma lipoproteins, oxidative damage, inflammatory markers, platelet and cellular function, etc,.....(110).

4. Salmon
Salmon with rich in Omega 3 fatty acids reduce risk of expression of markers and attenuate the inflammatory response of the immune system, according to the study by the Tufts University(111).

High saturated fat diets with low omega 3 fatty acid intake increased omega-6:EPA+DHA ratio diets causing some measures of inflammation(112).

5. Circuit fruits
Circuit fruits containing high amount of Quercetin can reduce risk of chronic inflammatory diseases through anti inflammatory(113) and antioxidant effects(114).

(103) Effect of soy nuts and equol status on blood pressure, lipids and inflammation in postmenopausal women stratified by metabolic syndrome status by Acharjee S1, Zhou JR2, Elajami TK1, Welty FK3.(PubMed)

(104) Effect of soy nuts on adhesion molecules and markers of inflammation in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women by Nasca MM1, Zhou JR, Welty FK.(PubMed)

(105) Green tea polyphenols attenuate deterioration of bone microarchitecture in female rats with systemic chronicinflammation. by Shen CL1, Yeh JK, Samathanam C, Cao JJ, Stoecker BJ, Dagda RY, Chyu MC, Dunn DM, Wang JS.(PubMed)

(106) Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in mice by Mota MA1, Landim JS1, Targino TS1, Silva SF1, Silva SL1, Pereira MR1(PubMed)

(107) Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). by Sheikhzadeh N1, Nofouzi K, Delazar A, Oushani AK.(PubMed)

(108) Anti-inflammatory and joint protective effects of extra-virgin olive-oil polyphenol extract in experimental arthritis by Rosillo MÁ1, Alcaraz MJ2, Sánchez-Hidalgo M1, Fernández-Bolaños JG3, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C1, Ferrándiz ML4.(PubMed)

(109) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil (Olea europeae L.) in mice. by Eidi A1, Moghadam-kia S, Moghadam JZ, Eidi M, Rezazadeh S.(PubMed)

(110) Chemistry and health of olive oil phenolics by Cicerale S1, Conlan XA, Sinclair AJ, Keast RS.(PubMed)

(111) In vitro fatty acid enrichment of macrophages alters inflammatory response and net cholesterol accumulation by Wang S1, Wu D, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, Honda KL, Lichtenstein AH.(PubMed)

(112) Reduction in dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ratio minimizes atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammatory response in the LDL receptor null mouse by Wang S1, Wu D, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S, Lecker JL, Lichtenstein AH.(PubMed)

(113) In vivo quercitrin anti-inflammatory effect involves release of quercetin, which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway by Comalada M1, Camuesco D, Sierra S, Ballester I, Xaus J, Gálvez J, Zarzuelo A.(PubMed)

(114) Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical by Boots AW1, Haenen GR, Bast A.(PubMed)

Saturday, 19 March 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): The Do and do not’s list

The Prevention and management

The Do and do not’s list
People may want to know what they can do to protect themselves against the early onset.

1. Reduce intake of saturated and trans fat and increase intake of omega 3 fatty acids

Limited studies have conform the effectiveness of dietary fatty acids (ie, oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) in reduced biomarkers of inflammation(91).
Dr. Li Z and the research team at the Jilin University showed that ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) not only have beneficial effects on cardiiovascular function but also promoted the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in reduced inflammative risk(93).

The results of over 13 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies involving a total of more than 500 people suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. It appears to work is by decreasing the production of inflammatory chemicals(94).

2. Increasing the ratio of (n-3) : (n-6) PUFA
The industrial elocution induced Western style diet in over consumption of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) over many decades has been found to distort the ratio of ω3:ω6 fatty acids, one of the leading cause of chronic inflammatory diseases, including Polymyalgia Rheumatica(PMR)(92).
Increased ratio of (n-6) : (n-3) PUFA are found to promote chronic inflammatory diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)(95).

3. Increase intake of fruit and vegetable
Consumption of fruit and vegetable is found to associate in reduced the over expression of inflammation and oxidative stress of that have found to induced chronic inflammatory diseases risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, etc,...(96)

A cross-sectional study of ≈1200 Puerto Rican adults aged 45-75 y, in assessed FV intake with a food-frequency questionnaire, suggested, but not quantity, appears to be important in reducing inflammation(97).

3. Avoid high glycemic index diets
High glycemic index diets with low fiber content are rich in trans fat has showed to induce over activation of the immune system, causing excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines of that promoting inflammatory diseases(98).

4. Reduced intake of pro inflammatory foods, such as sugar, dairy products, red meat and processed, meat, alcohol, artificial ingredients, refined products, etc,.... According to the study by University of Hertfordshire Over consumption of fat content, especially from saturated fat, and cholesterol and reduced the intake of whole-grain foods, fruits, and vegetables, accompanied with the high amount of sugar, dairy products, red meat and processed, meat, alcohol, artificial ingredients, refined products, etc. in Western diet are found to be the leading causes of metabolic syndrome(99) inducing risk of chronic inflammatory diseases(100).

5. Increase in take of anti inflammatory foods, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, seeds and sprouts whole grain, fish, turkey, chicken, legumes, etc(98).

6. Stop smoking
Smoking is associated with 39% of risk of Polymyalgia Rheumatica(101), according to the study of 28 patients with RS3PE and 123 with pure PMR by the Kameda Medical Center.

7. Moderate exercise
Moderate exercise enhances immune function in fighting against inflammation and and reduced inflammatory (interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein [CRP]) markers in attenuated risk of
Polymyalgia Rheumatica(PMR)(102).

8. Etc.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

REFERENCES
(91) The effect of weight loss and dietary fatty acids on inflammation by Devaraj S1, Kasim-Karakas S, Jialal I.(PubMed)
(92) Effects of the Dietary ω3:ω6 Fatty Acid Ratio on Body Fat and Inflammation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). by Powell ML1, Pegues MA2, Szalai AJ2, Ghanta VK3, D'Abramo LR4, Watts SA3.(PubMed)
(93) ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 expression in macrophages and animal models vt Li Z1, Ren W1, Han X1, Liu X1, Wang G1, Zhang M1, Pang D1, Ouyang H1, Tang X1.(PubMed)
(94) Overview of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapies by J. Chris Bradberry, PharmD and Daniel E. Hilleman, PharmD(PubMed)
(95) Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated Fatty acids by Patterson E1, Wall R, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Stanton C.(PubMed)
(96) Fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adolescents by Holt EM1, Steffen LM, Moran A, Basu S, Steinberger J, Ross JA, Hong CP, Sinaiko AR.(PubMed)
(97) Greater variety in fruit and vegetable intake is associated with lower inflammation in Puerto Rican adults. by Bhupathiraju SN1, Tucker KL.(PubMed)
(98) [Role of diet on chronic inflammation prevention and control - current evidences].[Article in Portuguese] by Geraldo JM1, Alfenas Rde C.(PubMed)
(99) [Dietary factors and metabolic syndrome].[Article in Portuguese] by Steemburgo T1, Dall'Alba V, Gross JL, Azevedo MJ.(PubMed)
(100) A gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention for amelioration of chronic inflammation underlying metabolicsyndrome by Xiao S1, Fei N, Pang X, Shen J, Wang L, Zhang B, Zhang M, Zhang X, Zhang C, Li M, Sun L, Xue Z, Wang J, Feng J, Yan F, Zhao N, Liu J, Long W, Zhao L.(PubMed)
(101) Clinical characteristics of patients with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema compared to patients with pure polymyalgia rheumatica by Kimura M1, Tokuda Y, Oshiawa H, Yoshida K, Utsunomiya M, Kobayashi T, Deshpande GA, Matsui K, Kishimoto M.(PubMed)
(102) A Systematic Review of the Acute Effects of Exercise on Immune and Inflammatory Indices in Untrained Adults by Brown WM1, Davison GW1, McClean CM1, Murphy MH1.(PubMed)

Most Common Disease of 50 plus: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): Misdiagnosis and delay diagnosis

The Misdiagnosis and delay diagnosis

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a very painful inflammatory disease, affecting the shoulder region and the pelvic girdle region in people over 50 year of age. But according to Dr, Talke M and Dr. Schmidt WA. said" the misdiganosis is common, .....taking a structured medical history and performing a thorough clinical examination are crucial" and "patient with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels should be investigated particularly in patients who present with new onset bilateral shoulder pain and pronounced general impairment of movement"(84).

1. Spondyloarthropathy

Late onset of pondyloarthropathy, a disease characterized as a joint disease of the vertebral column is often misdiagnosed as Polymyalgia Rheumatica(PMR). According to the centre hospitalier d'Aulnay-sous-Bois, eight patients with spondyloarthropathy with poor response to corticosteroids and multiple flares,were misdiagnosed as PMR(85). The Gaziantep University study also showed the similarities of pondyloarthropathy and PMR in a patient of 50 year of age(86).

2. Osteoarthritis of the shoulders

Osteoarthritis of the shoulders in some case may be wrongly diagnosis as PMR due to the relapse of the symptoms of similarity in both diseases(87), According to the Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, patients with PMR and pain in the shoulder is alo hound in 2 patients with spinal osteoarthritis(88).

3. Calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff
Calcifying tendinitis is disease characterized by a building-up of calcium in the rotator cuff (calcific deposit) in some case may be misdianosed as PMR(87).

4. Bursitis
Bursitis is an inflammation of a bursa of the knee, elbow or shoulder in some cases may be misdiagnosed as PMR(87). According to Asklepios Clinic, in the investigation of 54 consecutive patients with recent-onset PMR, over 30% with Subdeltoid bursitis(89).

5. Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, found most often in the people age of 50 and over may be misdiagnosed as PMR(87). According to the Università di Pavia, the percentage of patient diagnosed with RA and PMR often change in first and during follow up diagnosis(90) due to like onset of patient with PMR.

(85) [Late onset spondyloarthropathy misdiagnosed as polymyalgia rheumatica].[Article in French] by Kouassi Djaha JM1, Jenvrin C, Dupont MP, Steiner J, de Bandt M.(PubMed)

(86) Late onset spondyloarthropathy mimicking polymyalgia rheumatica by Aydeniz A1, Altındağ O, Oğüt E, Gürsoy S.(PubMed)

(87) [Polymyalgia rheumatica in daily routine practice].[Article in German] by Talke M1, Schmidt WA(PubMed)

(88) Lumbar interspinous bursitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica by Salvarani C1, Barozzi L, Boiardi L, Pipitone N, Bajocchi GL, Macchioni PL, Catanoso M, Pazzola G, Valentino M, De Luca C, Hunder GG.(PubMed)

(89) Joint involvement in patients with early polymyalgia rheumatica using high-resolution ultrasound and its contribution to the EULAR/ACR 2012 classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica by Weigand S1, Ehrenstein B, Fleck M, Hartung W.(PubMed)

(90) Presenting features of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and rheumatoid arthritis with PMR-like onset: a prospective study by Caporali R1, Montecucco C, Epis O, Bobbio-Pallavicini F, Maio T, Cimmino MA.(PubMed)