Obesity Complication of Colon Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including
world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com
Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in research, such as international journal pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

Colon Cancer or colorectal cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the large bowel which consist the the colon and rectum, is involved in absorption of water from the small bowel contents and broken down of certain materials in the feces into substances of which some of them to be re absorbed and reused by the body. Colon cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progress cancer and in predictable way.

How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

How Obesity associates with Colon Cancer
1. According to the study of "Colon cancer: a civilization disorder" by Watson AJ, Collins PD. (Source from Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. alastair.watson@uea.ac.uk, Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that A number of these risk factors are associated with a Western lifestyle and could be considered a product of 'civilization'. Recently, smoking has been recognized as a risk factor. Energy consumption also influences colorectal cancer risk, with obesityincreasing risk and exercise reducing risk. However, the strongest contribution to environmental risk for colorectal cancer is dietary. Consumption of fat, alcohol and red meat is associated with an increased risk. Fresh fruit and vegetables and dietary fibre may be protective. Much has been learnt recently about the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.

2. In a study of "Obesity and familial obesity and risk of cancer" by Hemminki K, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. (Source from Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.k.hemminki@dkfz.de, Eur J Cancer Prev. 2011 Sep;20(5):438-43.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Family history ofobesity was associated with formerly unrecognized increased risks of gallbladder and colon cancers and ocular melanoma. Cancer risks in this relatively young obese population differed quantitatively from those found after type 2 diabetes.

3. In an abstract of the study of "Body mass index influences long-term outcome in patients with colorectal cancer" by Shibakita M, Yoshimura H, Tachibana M, Ueda S, Nagasue N. (Source from
Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Hospital, Higashiyama-cho 3-3-1, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 652-0042, Japan. shibakita_muneaki@kawasaki-hospital-kobe.or.jp, Hepatogastroenterology. 2010 Jan-Feb;57(97):62-9), posted in PubMed, researchers found that both high and low BMI became independent prognostic factors of disease recurrence in patients with colorectal carcinoma, as low BMI was correlated with tumor progression and high BMI influenced the number of lymph node dissected.

4. in a study of "Body size, weight change, and risk of colon cancer" by Bassett JK, Severi G, English DR, Baglietto L, Krishnan K, Hopper JL, Giles GG.(Source from Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia. julie.bassett@cancervic.org.au, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Nov;19(11):2978-86. Epub 2010 Sep 24.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Adult weight change was positively associated with coloncancer risk for men (HR, 1.11 per 5-kg increment; 95% CI, 1.03-1.20), but not women (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.94-1.07). Men who gained ≥20 kg from age 18 had an increased risk of colon cancer compared with men whose weight was stable (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.94-2.31) and concluded that
Weight gain during adult life increases men's risk of colon cancer.

5. Etc.

 Treatments of Obesity and Colon Cancer
1. according to the abstract of the study of " Colorectal cancer screening and prevention in women" by Krishnan S, Wolf JL. (Source from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2011 Mar;7(2):213-26), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that new studies have shown other factors such as obesity and smoking to increase the risk of CRC in women. This article highlights issues unique to women with regards to CRC and outlines special considerations for determining screening intervals in women, identifies factors that make screening more difficult in women, and reviews studies that identify preventative strategies which, together with screening, may reduce the burden of CRC.

2. According to the study of "Diet-induced weight loss reduces colorectal inflammation: implications for colorectal carcinogenesis" by Pendyala S, Neff LM, Suárez-Fariñas M, Holt PR. (Source from Clinical and Translational Science Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA., Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;93(2):234-42. Epub 2010 Dec 8.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Our data show that diet-induced weight loss in obese individuals reduces colorectal inflammation and greatly modulates inflammatory and cancer-related gene pathways. These data imply that obesity is accompanied by inflammation in the colorectal mucosa and that diet-induced weight loss reduces this inflammatory state and may thereby lower CRC risk.

3. According to the study of "Diet and colorectal cancer: implications for the obese and devotees of the Atkins diet" by Fleming ME, Sales KM, Winslet MC. (Source from University Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Colorectal Dis. 2005 Mar;7(2):128-32.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity has been demonstrated to be a major factor in the increase in CRC although links to changes in diet are more tenuous. Published studies on diet suggest the Atkins diet may help reduce rather than increase the risk of CRC.

4. Etc.
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Walnut and garlic sauce - a traditional sauce for duck breast

Diabetic recipe Attributed to Delicious Dish for diabetics by Robin Ellis, Published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc. New York. You can view its website atwww.skyhorsepublishing.com.
For Magret de Canard, This is based on Jeanne Strang's recipe in Goose Fat and Garlic. It is a traditional sauce for duck breast - a constant favorite in south west France, not a great place to be born a duck! It is very garlicky and quite wonderful. My wife Meredith described it as " mind bogging" on the first tasting it 20 years ago.
75 g/ 3 oz. peeled walnuts- take care that bits of shell don't get included
50g/ 2 oz. garlic cloves - crushed
1 tbsp. chopped parsley
salt and pepper to taste
150 ml/5fl oz./ 1/2 cup walnut oil
Put all the ingredients in a food mixer. Mix to a fairly fine texture. Add a little water if need to.

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Obesity Complication of Prostate Cancer

 By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including
world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, etc,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com
Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in research, such as international journal pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299

Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams. For more information of prostate cancer, visit
http://thecancerhealingguide.blogspot.com/2011/06/most-common-types-of-cancer-prostate.html

Prostate enlargement is defined as condition of increasing of the levels of the by-product prolactin of testosterone of men, that stimulates the production of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase that causes the conversion of testosterone to gihydro-testosterones DHT, triggering prostate enlargement and other problems. Therefore in order to prevent the symptoms of enlarged prostate is to naturally impend the conversion of testosterone to DHT.

How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

How Obesity associates with Prostate Cancer
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Abdominal obesity as risk factor for prostate cancer diagnosis and high grade disease: A prospective multicenter Italian cohort study" by De Nunzio C, Albisinni S, Freedland SJ, Miano L, Cindolo L, Finazzi Agrò E, Autorino R, De Sio M, Schips L, Tubaro A. Source from Urol Oncol. 2011 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print]), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity defined by BMI and WC seems to be associated with CaP and, more specifically, with high-grade disease at the time of biopsy. The relationship between obesity and CaP is complex and remains to be further addressed.

2. In a study of "Metabolic syndrome is associated with high grade gleason score when prostate cancer is diagnosed on biopsy" by De Nunzio C, Freedland SJ, Miano R, Trucchi A, Cantiani A, Carluccini A, Tubaro A. (Source from Department of Urology, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, University "La Sapienza," Roma, Italy. cosimodenunzio@virgilio.it. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.), posted in PubMed, the result indicated that one hundred ninety five patients were enrolled with a median age and PSA of 69 years and 5.6 ng/ml respectively. Median BMI was 27.6 kg/m(2) with 64 patients (33%) being classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) ). Eighty-six patients (44%) had MS. Eighty-three patients (43%) had cancer on biopsy; 37 (45%) with MS and 46 (55%) without (P = 0.48). PSA was independently associated with higher risk of cancer (OR 1.12/1 U PSA, P = 0.01). Out of 83 patients with prostate cancer, 42 (51%) had Gleason score 6 (12 (28.5%) presented a MS) and 41 (49%) a Gleason score ≥7 (25 (61%) presented a MS). The presence of MS was not associated with an increased risk prostate cancer (OR: 0.97, P = 0.94) but with an increased risk of Gleason ≥7 (OR: 3.82; P = 0.013).

3. In an abstract of athe study of "Body mass index in early and middle-late adulthood and risk of localised, advanced and fatal prostate cancer: a population-based prospective study" byDiscacciati A, Orsini N, Andersson SO, Andrén O, Johansson JE, Wolk A. (Source from Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. Br J Cancer. 2011 Aug 16. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.319. [Epub ahead of print]), posted in PubMed, researchers found that a dual association between BMI and fatal PCa - a decreased risk among men who were obese during early adulthood and an increased risk among those who were obese during middle-late adulthood.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 16 August 2011; doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.319 www.bjcancer.com.

4. According to the abstarct of study of "Prospective study of adiposity and weight change in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality" by Wright ME, Chang SC, Schatzkin A, Albanes D, Kipnis V, Mouw T, Hurwitz P, Hollenbeck A, Leitzmann MF. (Source from Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. mewright@uic.edu, Cancer. 2007 Feb 15;109(4):675-84.), posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Although adiposity was not related positively to prostate cancer incidence, higher BMI and adult weight gain increased the risk of dying from prostate cancer.

5. According to a study of "Is obesity a risk factor for prostate cancer, and does it even matter? A hypothesis and different perspective" by Moyad MA. (Source from Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0330, USA. moyad@umich.edu, Urology. 2002 Apr;59(4 Suppl 1):41-50), posted in PUbMed, researchers found that The 2 largest prospective studies on BMI and overall mortality have also demonstrated the substantial negative impact of excess weight on society. Prostate cancer risk and obesity need further research to establish if a true association exists, but at this time, does it really matter? Overall, the profound adverse effect of being obese on general health is dramatic, and this is what clinicians and patients need to remember.

6. In abstract of study of "Inverse correlation between body mass index and clinical outcomes in men with advanced castration-recurrent prostate cancer" by Halabi S, Ou SS, Vogelzang NJ, Small EJ. (Source from Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA. susan.halabi@duke.edu, Cancer. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):1478-84.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Approximately 24% of the patients had a normal BMI, 43% were overweight, and 33% were mildly to severely obese. On multivariable analysis, BMI was found to be a statistically significant predictor of overall survival and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Compared with men with normal BMIs, the hazard ratios for death for overweight men and mildly to severely obese men were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.68-0.93; P = .001) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68-0.94; P = .010), respectively.

7. Etc.

 Treatment of Obesity and Prostate Cancer
1. According to the study of "Obesity and sex steroids during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for prostate cancer" by Smith MR. (Source from Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. smith.matthew@mgh.harvard.edu, Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Jan 1;13(1):241-5.), posted in PubMed, researcher concluded in abstract that Despite lower pretreatment serum testosterone levels, obese men have higher total and free testosterone levels during leuprolide treatment than men with normal BMI. These differences may contribute to the association between obesity and increased prostate cancer mortality.

2. In a study of " Influence of obesity on the incidence and treatment of genitourinary malignancies" by Stewart SB, Freedland SJ. (Source, from Division of Urologic Surgery and Duke Prostate Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Obesity appears to promote an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (CaP). This may be related, in part, to a detection bias found in obese men. Worse surgical and radiation treatment outcomes in the obese appear to be related not only to technical challenges, but also inherent tumor biology differences and more aggressive disease presentations.

3. According to the abstract of the study of "The impact of obesity on the incidence and treatment of gynecologic cancers: a review" by Modesitt SC, van Nagell JR Jr. (Source from Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lucille Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA. smode2@uky.edu, Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2005 Oct;60(10):683-92), posted in Pubmed, researchers indicated that there is no current consensus regarding appropriate chemotherapy dosing in the obese patient. Obesity is a serious health problem with significant effects on the incidence and treatment of the gynecologic malignancies. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to summarize the clear evidence that obesity is a risk factor for many cancers, including gynecologic malignancies; describe the role of unopposed estrogen in gynecologic cancers; and explain that obese women overall have a poorer survival rate when afflicted with cancer.

4. Etc.
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The best sauce for grilled summer vegetables: Tzatziti

Post by By Kyle J. Norton

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including
world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, etc,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com
Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
All right reserved.

Diabetic recipe Attributed to Delicious Dish for diabetics by Robin Ellis, Published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc. New York. You can view its website at www.skyhorsepublishing.com.

This is adapted from Rena Salaman's lovely and authentic Greek food. It's a refreshing garlicky sauce that goes particularly well with grilled summer vegetables, chicken and lambs.
500 ml/18 oz./2cups low-fat organic yogurt - wrapped in muslin and squeezed gently to drain it a little or left overnight in a sieve to grain in a bowl
2 tbsp. olive oil
2 tsp. white wine or cider vinegar
2 cloves of garlic - pulped in a mortar with a little salt
2 fresh mint leaves - finely chopped
1/4 medium cucumber - peeled, quartered length wise, deseeded and finely chopped
salt and pepper
1. Carefully scrape the drained yogurt into a mixing bowl
2. In a separate small bowl, whisk the oil and the vinegar together. Mix in the garlic and mint.
3. Fold this into the yogurt, then add the cucumber. Season lightly, taste and refrigerate.

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The best salad you have not tried: Sweet potato salad

Recipes attributed to Company Coming salad by Jean Pare

Now this really is different. Go ahead and try it.
Cooking oil 2tbsp., 30 mL
Pineapple juice 2 tbsp., 30mL
Lemon juice 1 tbsp., 15 mL
Salt 2tsp., 2 mL
Onion salt 1/4 tsp., 1 mL
Cooked sweet potatoes, cubed 3 cups, 700 mL
Pineapple tidbits, strained 14 Oz., 398 mL
Chopped celery 3/4 cups, 175 mL
Chopped celery 3/4 cups, 175 mL
Silvered almonds 1/4 cup, 50 mL
Combined cooking oil, pineapple and lemon juice in bowl. Add salt and onion salt. Stir. Add potatoes. Stir and allow to marinate about 1 hour.
Add pineapple, celery and almonds. Toss slightly. Makes 10 servings.

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Obesity Complication of Poor Healing of Wounds

By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including
world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, etc,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com
Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
All right reserved.

Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

Poor Healing of Wounds are defined as a condition of the inability of the body to heal the wound quickly. It may be caused by the physical state of the wound or certain health effects, such as obesity, diabetes, abnormal coagulation. etc.

How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

How Obesity associates with Poor Healing of Wounds
1. According to the study of "Dysfunctional γδ T Cells Contribute to Impaired Keratinocyte Homeostasis in Mouse Models of Obesity" by Taylor KR, Costanzo AE, Jameson JM. (Source from Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,J Invest Dermatol. 2011 Aug 11. doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.241. [Epub ahead of print]), posted in PubMed,, researchers found that These studies reveal that γδ T cells are unable to regulate keratinocyte homeostasis in obesity and that the obese environment further impairs skin structure by altering cell-cell adhesion. Together, impaired keratinocyte homeostasis and epidermal barrier function through direct and indirect mechanisms result in susceptibility to skin complications, chronicwounds, and infection.

2. In a study of "Gammadelta T cells are reduced and rendered unresponsive by hyperglycemia and chronic TNFalpha in mouse models of obesity and metabolic disease" by Taylor KR, Mills RE, Costanzo AE, Jameson JM. (Source from Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, PLoS One. 2010 Jul 2;5(7):e11422.), posted in PubMed, researchers filed in abstract that Skin gammadelta T cells that overcome this hyperglycemic state are unresponsive to epithelial cell damage due to chronic inflammatory mediators, including TNFalpha. Cytokine and growth factor production at the site of tissue damage was partially restored by administering neutralizing TNFalpha antibodies in vivo. Thus, metabolic disease negatively impacts homeostasis and functionality of skin gammadelta T cells, rendering host defense mechanisms vulnerable to injury and infection.

3. In an abstract of the study of "Wound healing in mice with high-fat diet- or ob gene-induced diabetes-obesity syndromes: a comparative study" by Seitz O, Schürmann C, Hermes N, Müller E, Pfeilschifter J, Frank S, Goren I.(Source from Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany), posted inPubMed, researchers found that by contrast to impaired wound conditions in ob/ob mice, late wounds of HFD mice did not develop a chronic inflammatory state and were epithelialized after 11 days of repair. Thus, only genetically obese and diabetic ob/ob mice finally developed chronic wounds and therefore represent a better suited experimental model to investigate diabetes-inducedwound healing disorders.

4. According to the study of "Impaired Laparotomy Wound Healing in Obese Rats" by Xing L, Culbertson EJ, Wen Y, Robson MC, Franz MG. (Source from Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 2124F Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0331, USA), posted inPubMed, researchers indicated that laparotomy wound healing is impaired in obese rats. The recovery of laparotomy wound strength is delayed due to abnormal collagen maturation and remodeling, possibly due to a defect in fibroblast function. Strategies to improve outcomes for laparotomy wound healingin obese patients should include correcting the wound healing defect, possibly with growth factor or cell therapy.

5. Etc.

Treatments of Obesity and Poor Healing of Wounds
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Zucker diabetic fatty rat: a new model of impaired cutaneous wound repair with type II diabetes mellitus and obesity" by Slavkovsky R, Kohlerova R, Tkacova V, Jiroutova A, Tahmazoglu B, Velebny V, Rezačová M, Sobotka L, Kanta J. (Source from Laboratory of Wound Healing, CPN, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic. rastik@gmail.com, Wound Repair Regen. 2011 Jul;19(4):515-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2011.00703.x. Epub 2011 Jun 7.), posted in PubMed, researcher indicated that The concentration of hydroxyproline in the GT of diabetic animals was significantly decreased to about one half when compared with the nondiabetic controls. The expression of interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, stromelysin-1, and collagenase-3 was increased in the GT of diabetic rats on Day 10, while the expression of type I collagen and elastin was decreased. Taken together, Zucker diabetic fatty rats exhibited impairments in wound-size reduction, inflammatory response, tissue organization, and connective tissue turnover and are thus proposed as a new model for studying impaired repair.

2. According to the study of "Systemically and topically supplemented leptin fails to reconstitute a normal angiogenic response during skin repair in diabetic ob/ob mice" by Stallmeyer B, Pfeilschifter J, Frank S. (Source from Centre of Pharmacology, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany), posted in PubMed, researchers filed in abstracted that These data suggest that leptin reconstituted epithelial expression of VEGF during skin repair in ob/ob mice but failed to improve wound angiogenesis in the granulation tissue. Thus, the accelerated wound closure observed in leptin-supplemented ob/ob mice is not coupled to an improved wound angiogenesis.

3. Etc.
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Pesto sauce for grilled vegetables Lovers

Diabetic recipe
Attributed to Delicious Dish for diabetics by Robin Ellis, Published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc. New York. You can view its website atwww.skyhorsepublishing.com.

Pesto - the Italian name - Piston - the French - is a basil-based sauce and a wonder for summer. Lovely and garlicky, it's a quick sauce form pasta or a sauce to spread on grilled vegetables: and it can be stirred into a soup of young vegetables. This recipe makes a decent amount.

100g/4 oz. basil leaves
4 cloves of garlic - crushed
25g/1oz. pine nuts - optional
10 tbsp. olive oil
salt and pepper
100g/4oz. Parmesan cheese - grated
1. Put the basil, garlic and pine nuts in a processor. Whizz, adding the oil until you have a smoothish sauce. seasoning and transfer to a bowl.
2. Fold in the Parmesan and taste. Add more seasoning if you feel it needs it.


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