Sunday, 15 June 2014

Ginseng - The king of all herbs for Men in Erectile Dysfunction

Kyle J. Norton

In finding a whole food and herb, comparing to the presently pharmaceutical medicine in use with little and no adverse effect(4), scientific communities have looking into herbal ginseng which has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of sexual dysfunction of both sex.

According to statistic, in US alone, more than18 Million Men over 20 of ages are affected by Erectile Dysfunction and approximately 5% of 40-year-old men and between 15% and 25% of 65-year-old men experience ED on a long-term basis)National Institutes of Health). Astonishingly, lifetime use of ED medications was reported by 24% of men. Almost 69% of ED medication users reported obtaining ED medications from a physician. Fifty-nine percent of ED medication users reported taking the medications to enhance their sexual experience rather than to treat ED, which was marginally associated with stimulant use. according to Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle(1).

In comparison of the effect of erectile dysfunction with diabetes and men with erectile dysfunction due to other causes study indicated that the diseases not only affect Sexual Experience-Psychological Impact domains but also Emotional Life-Psychological Impact domain(2).

Ginseng, the King of Chinese herb, according to the literature in Chinese medicine found by Emperor Shen-Nung, the second of China's mythical emperors (3500-2600 BCE), through his treatise 'Shen Nung Benchau Jing', expressed the efficacy of herbal ginseng well being as a resemblance of human form and its rejuvenative and aphrodisiac properties. The use of ginseng for erectile dysfunction by Emperor Shen-Nung was unique for its time. It continues to hold parallels as a modern-day herbal aphrodisiac 5000 years on(3).

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), a major ingredient found in ginseng,  in the study of erectile dysfunction and the underlying mechanism by using a rat diabetic erectile dysfunction model in diabetic rat, showed a positive effect in deduction of oxidative stress cause of erectile dysfunction and and restored functions of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the penis, through reduced level of malondialdehyde and increased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and Akt(5) and possibly via the NO/cGMP pathway and restores the function of endothelium in corpus cavernosum(6).

In root-derived Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) study, researchers at the Yonsei University College of Medicine, found that GB0710  relax the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM), through ntracellular NO production in human microvascular endothelial cells by  N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine induction and inhibition(7).

In a 119 men with mild-to-moderate ED participated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical study, oral administration of the SKGB extract improved all domains of sexual function(8)(9).

According to Chinese medicine has been prescribed ginseng over 5000 years of history to promote yang and to improve cardiac function, short of breath, blood pressure. Panax ginseng can generates fluids and reduce thirst, to treat anxiety, insomnia, dizziness/headache, forgetfulness, impotence, diabetes, bleeding in the vagina not during period, etc.

Dr. Shergis JL and the researcher team at the School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute-HIRi, RMIT University, told PubMed " Overall, the quality of Panax ginseng (andomized controlled trials ) RCT methodology has improved since the CONSORT checklist was introduced. However, more can be done to improve the methodological quality of, and reporting in, RCTs"(10)

But the use of herbal medicine in treating erectile dysfunction should be taken with care. Dr Ho CC and Dr. Tan HM. said" Many herbal therapies appear to have potential benefits, and similarly, the health risks of various phytotherapeutic compounds need to be elucidated. Properly designed human trials should be worked out and encouraged to determine the efficacy and safety of potential phytotherapies"(11). As the herb has shown mild adverse events, such as dyspepsia, hot flash, insomnia, and constipation in dose depending manner(12).


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Reference
(1) Erectile dysfunction medication use among men seeking substance abuse treatment.

Horvath KJ, Calsyn DA, Terry C, Cotton A.(PubMed)
(2) Do impotent men with diabetes have more severe erectile dysfunction and worse quality of life than the general population of impotent patients? Results from the Exploratory Comprehensive Evaluation of Erectile Dysfunction (ExCEED) database by Penson DF, Latini DM, Lubeck DP, Wallace KL, Henning JM, Lue TF; Comprehensive Evaluation of Erectile Dysfunction (ExCEED) database(PubMed
(3) The history of ginseng in the management of erectile dysfunction in ancient China (3500-2600 BCE) by Nair R, Sellaturay S, Sriprasad S.(PubMed
(4) Erectile dysfunction: Viagra and other oral medications(Mayo clinic)
(5) Panax notoginseng Saponins Improve Erectile Function through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Restoration of Akt Activity and Protection of Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells in Diabetic Rats with Erectile Dysfunction by Li H, He WY, Lin F, Gou X.(PubMed)
(6) Panax notoginseng saponins improve the erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats by protecting the endothelial function of the penile corpus cavernosum by Lin F, Gou X.(PubMed
(7) Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies by Cho KS, Park CW, Kim CK, Jeon HY, Kim WG, Lee SJ, Kim YM, Lee JY, Choi YD.(PubMed
(8) Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract on sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study by Choi YD, Park CW, Jang J, Kim SH, Jeon HY, Kim WG, Lee SJ, Chung WS(PubMed
(9) Effects of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) extract on male patients with erectile dysfunction by Kim TH, Jeon SH, Hahn EJ, Paek KY, Park JK, Youn NY, Lee HL.(PubMed) 
(10) Quality and risk of bias in Panax ginseng randomized controlled trials: a review by Shergis JL, Zhang AL, Zhou W, Xue CC.(PubMed)
(11) Rise of herbal and traditional medicine in erectile dysfunction management by Ho CC, Tan HM.(PubMed)
(12) Safety and tolerability of Panax ginseng root extract: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in healthy Korean volunteers by Lee NH, Yoo SR, Kim HG, Cho JH, Son CG.(PubMed)

Mix vegetable herb broth with soft tofu

Recipe by 125 Chinese recipes with Bill Jones and Stephen Wong

1 tbsp. butter
1/2 cup diced onion
1 cup diced carrots
5 cups chicken stock or vegetable stock
3  tbsp. white or red miso paste
1 cup frozen peas
1 cup frozen corn kernels
1 lb. soft tofu, cut into 1/2 inch (1 cm) cubes
2tbsp. chopped basil
2 tbsp. chopped parsley, preferably flat-leaf Italian variety
1 tbsp. chopped chives
Season salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste

In a large saucepan or soup pot, melt butter over medium heat. Add onion and carrots; sauté for 1 minute, Add stock and miso and bring to a boil. Add peas and corn kernel; cook for 2 minutes. Skim off any impurities  that float to the top.
Gently stir tofu and herbs into the soup and return to a boil. season to taste with seasoned salt and pepper. Removed from heat and serve immediately.

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Chile-Garlic vinaigrette

Recipe contributed by Cooking light, the complete Quick Cook, (A practical Guide to Smart, Fast home Cooking) by  Bruce  Weinstein and Mark Scarborough, Publisher Oxmoor House

The heat of chile isn't in seeds, it's in the white membranes ( the fruit's placenta) that hold the seeds to the chile. when cut, those membranes spray the chemical defense onto their seeds. for less heat, cut the top and bottom of the chile, then stand in upright on your cup board. Slice down between the chile and the membranes, removing the green fresh without cutting into the membranes.
1 tsp. chopped Serrano chile
1/4 tsp. salt
6 garlic groves, crushed
1 can anchovy fillet
3 tsp. red wine vinegar
2 tsp. water
2 tsp. fresh lemon juice
11/2 tsp. extra-virgin olive oil
Combine first 4 ingredients in a mortar, mash tom paste with a pestle. Combine chile paste mixture, vinegar and remaining ingredients in a small bowl, stirring with a whisk. Stored, cover in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield 3/4 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.

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Saturday, 14 June 2014

Herbal Cinnamon - The new generation for Treatment and Management of Diabetes

 Kyle J. Norton 

Cinnamon, a kitchen spicy in many cultures, may have gained many believers, including medical professions because of its anti diabetic effect, through regulating the blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic subjects. According to herbalists, intake of 1/4 tsp. in the morning and evening may reduce the blood sugar significantly with little or no adverse side effects.

The herb has been use in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.(1).

According to the 2011 statistic from National Diabetes InformationClearinghouse (NDIC), among U.S. residents ages 65 years and older, 10.9 million, or 26.9 percent, had diabetes in 2010, about 215,000 people younger than 20 years had diabetes—type 1 or type 2—in the United States in 2010 and approximately,  1.9 million people ages 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 in the United States.

In a total of 66 patients with type 2 diabetes study conducted by Xuhui District Central Hospital, showed  a reduction significant of blood triglyceride levels even in the low-dose group, after 3 months of oral administration(2)

Some researchers suggested that cinnamon extract improved fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance without altering the insulin secretion, through  lower triglyceride and increased liver glycogen content and improved insulin action in liver tissues(3).

Dr. Kim SH and Dr. Choung SY. told PubMed that "the effect of cinnamon in significantly increases insulin sensitivity, reduces serum, and hepatic lipids, and improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia possibly by regulating the PPAR-medicated glucose and lipid metabolism"(4)

In support of the above, chromium(Cr) and polyphenols found in cinnamon (Cinnamomon cassia) indicated a improvement of glucose, insulin, cholesterol and HbA1c  in patients with type 2 diabetes following Cr supplementation, in a double-blind placebo-controlled study(7).

Unfortunately, according to the Western University of Health Sciences, consumption of cinnamon is associated with a statistically significant decrease in levels of fasting plasma glucose, but insisted that high degree of heterogeneity may limit the ability to apply these results to patient care, due to the unclear preferred dose and duration of therapy(5)

 A randomized clinical trial in which 70 Patients with type II diabetes assigned randomly two groups (35 in cinnamon and 35 in placebo group for the testing of  the effect of cinnamon on the glucose level in blood, indicated an insignificant effect of using cinnamon on glucose level of diabetic patients and the herb should not be recommended to patients with type II diabetes depending on further studies(6).

Taken altogether, cinnamon in low dose may be effective in controlling the levels of blood glucose in patient with diabetes without altering the insulin level. according to DR. Georgakopoulou EA(7),  Oral intake of Cinnamon may cause Stomatitis, and burning sensation in mouth with large amount. The traditional Chinese medicine also insisted that Overdoses of cinnamon can be toxic and damaged to liver(1).


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References
(1) @Popular Herbs -Cinnamon
(2) Cinnamon extract improves fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by Lu T, Sheng H, Wu J, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Chen Y.(PubMed)
(3) Cinnamon extract improves insulin sensitivity in the brain and lowers liver fat in mouse models of obesity by Sartorius T1, Peter A2, Schulz N3, Drescher A2, Bergheim I4, Machann J5, Schick F6, Siegel-Axel D2, Schürmann A3, Weigert C1, Häring HU1, Hennige AM(PubMed)
(4) Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice by Kim SH1, Choung SY.(PubMed)
(5) Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Allen RW1, Schwartzman E, Baker WL, Coleman CI, Phung OJ.(PubMed)
(6) The Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose of Type II Diabetes Patients by Hasanzade F1, Toliat M2, Emami SA3, Emamimoghaadam Z(PubMed)
(7) Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity by Anderson RA.(PubMed)

Curried tomato and Shellfish broth

Recipe by 125 Chinese recipes with Bill Jones and Stephen Wong

6 scallops, thinly sliced
8 prawns, peeled and deveined
salt and freshly ground white pepper to taste
2 tsp. vegetable oil
1 small onion, sliced
1tbsp. curry powder, preferably madras
5 cups chicken stock
4 small tomatoes, seed and quartered
12 clams scrubbed
2 cups thinly sliced mustard green or sui choy (Napa cabbage)
salt and pepper to taste
season seafood with salt and pepper; set aside
In a large saucepan or soup pot, heat oil over medium heat for 30 seconds. Add onion and curry powder; sauté for 1 minute. Add chicken stock; bring to a boil. Add tomatoes and cook for 3 minutes. Add clam; cook until they open, about 2 - 5 minutes, depending on size. Skim off any impurities that rise to the top.
Add scallops, prawns and mustard green or cabbage; bring to a boil. Remove from heat. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Cover and allow to steep for 2 minutes. Serve immediately.


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Easy Herb Vinaigrette


Recipe contributed by Cooking light, the complete Quick Cook, (A practical Guide to Smart, Fast home Cooking) by  Bruce  Weinstein and Mark Scarborough, Publisher Oxmoor House

Thus recipe makes plenty of dressing to keep on hand, so having a salad with dinner is effortless any night of the week. Because if the fresh herbs, the dressing only last for a couple of days.
9 tsp. white wine vinegar
11/2 tsp. honey
1/2 tsp. salt
1 cup canola oil
3 tsp. fresh chopped basil
3 tsp. minced fresh chive
Combine first 3 ingredients in a medium bowl, slowly add oil, stirring with a whisk and combined. Stir in basil and chives. Store, covered for up to 2 days.
Yield 1 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.

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Friday, 13 June 2014

Phytochemical Sulforaphane (Dithiolthiones) and Cervical cancer

Dithiolthiones are phytochemicals in the class of Organosulfides, found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, garden sorrel, horseradish, etc.

Cervix is the lower part of uterus that opens at the top of the vagina. Cervix acts an transition area for vaginal lining (squamous epithelium) change to uterus type (columnar epithelium) through the transitional area (squamous columnar epithelium) to host the development of the fetus. Cervical cancer is malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri or cervical area caused by abnormal cells growth with alternation of cells DNA.
According to the Manipal University in the study of the effect of sulforaphane and eugenol on human cervical cancer cells, found that combined treatment with variable dose combinations resulted in differential effects with an antagonistic effect at lower and synergistic at higher sub-lethal doses as reflected in cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction(1). The Manipal University  also showed that application of SFN inhibited human cervical cancer cell lines through  apoptosis induction and anti-inflammatory properties(2). In human cervical carcinoma HeLa, treatment with SFN  inhibited the cancer cell through down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression(3).

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References
(1) Concurrent sulforaphane and eugenol induces differential effects on human cervical cancer cells by Hussain A1, Priyani A, Sadrieh L, Brahmbhatt K, Ahmed M, Sharma C.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-carcinogenic effects of sulforaphane in association with its apoptosis-inducing and anti-inflammatory properties in human cervical cancer cells by Sharma C1, Sadrieh L, Priyani A, Ahmed M, Hassan AH, Hussain A.(PubNed)
(3) Induction of apoptosis by isothiocyanate sulforaphane in human cervical carcinoma HeLa and hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells through activation of caspase-3 by Park SY1, Kim GY, Bae SJ, Yoo YH, Choi YH.(PubMed