Wednesday, 1 January 2014

Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders


In the study to determine if adolescents who report dieting and different weight-control behaviors are at increased or decreased risk for gains in body mass index, overweight status, binge eating, extreme weight-control behaviors, and eating disorders 5 years later. indicated that Dieting and unhealthful weight-control behaviors predict outcomes related to obesity and eating disorders 5 years later. A shift away from dieting and drastic weight-control measures toward the long-term implementation of healthful eating and physical activity behaviors is needed to prevent obesity and eating disorders in adolescents(1).

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(1) "Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: how do dieters fare 5 years later?" by  Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Guo J, Story M, Haines J, Eisenberg M.

Family meals and disordered eating


In the study to examine 5-year longitudinal associations between family meal frequency and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents, researchers showed that the high prevalence of disordered eating behaviors among adolescent girls and the protective role of family meals suggest a need for interventions aimed at promoting family meals. Further exploration of predictors of disordered eating behaviors in adolescent boys and the role of family meals is warranted(1).

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(1) "Family meals and disordered eating in adolescents: longitudinal findings from project EAT" by Neumark-Sztainer D, Eisenberg ME, Fulkerson JA, Story M, Larson NI.

Shared risk and protective factors for overweight and disordered eating


In the review of data collected at Time 1 (1998-1999) and Time 2 (2003-2004) on 2516 adolescents participating in Project EAT (Eating Among Teens). Data were analyzed in 2006-2007, showed that Weight-specific socioenvironmental, personal, and behavioral variables are strong and consistent predictors of overweight status, binge eating, and extreme weight-control behaviors later in adolescence. These findings support the need for research to determine if decreasing weight-related social pressures, personal weight concerns, and unhealthy weight-control behaviors can contribute to reductions in obesity in children and adolescents(1).

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(1) "Shared risk and protective factors for overweight and disordered eating in adolescents" by Neumark-Sztainer DR, Wall MM, Haines JI, Story MT, Sherwood NE, van den Berg PA.

Family support and weight-loss

 In the study to to describe the weight-control strategies and family support for young people reporting sustained weight loss in a large, population-based sample, found that Approximately 50 % of young people attempting weight loss reported sustained weight loss. Young people who reported sustained weight loss appeared to have more family support than those who did not achieve this, suggesting the importance for weight-control services and interventions in adolescents of actively engaging the family(1)


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(1) "Family support and weight-loss strategies among adolescents reporting sustained weight loss" by

Tuesday, 31 December 2013

Food therapy - Asparagus and Liver Cancer

Asparagus
Asparagus is a flowering plant belong to species the genus Asparagus, native to the western coasts of northern Spain, north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany, northern Africa and western Asia. Asparagus has been used from early times as a vegetable and medicine, because of its delicate flavor and diuretic properties.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
Liver Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the liver.

Nutrients and chemical constituents
1. Vitamin K
2. Folate
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin A
5. Vitamin B Complex
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B3
d) Vitamin B6
6. Fiber
7. Manganese
8. Copper
9. Phosphorus
10. Potassium
11. Protein
12. Etc.

Its chemical constituents include essential oils, asparagine, arginine, tyrosine, flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin), resin, and tannin.

The benefits
 Asparagus may be one of potential herb used in future to treat liver cancers as it chemical constituents exert their anti cancer property in many studies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies in the world, but deproteinized asparagus polysaccharide exert potent selective cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B and HepG2 cells. in vitro and in vivo, according to the researchers team lead by Dr. Xiang J. Others in the analysis of  shatavarin IV isolated from ethyl acetate insoluble fraction (AR-2B) of chloroform:methanol (2:1) (AR-2) extract of A. racemosus roots, indicated that shatavarin IVexhibits significant anticancer activity in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In facts, intakes of celery, mushrooms, allium vegetables, composite vegetables (including asparagus lettuce and garland chrysanthemum), legumes and legume products were widely known to associate with reduced liver cancer risk.

The Side effects
It may cause allergic effects and temporarily smelly urination.

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Reference
(1) Chemical constituents of Asparagus  J. S. Negi, P. Singh, [...], and V. K. Bisht (PubMed)
(2) Anticancer effects of deproteinized asparagus polysaccharide on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. by Xiang J, Xiang Y, Lin S, Xin D, Liu X, Weng L, Chen T, Zhang M.(PubMed)
(3) Shatavarins (containing Shatavarin IV) with anticancer activity from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. by Mitra SK, Prakash NS, Sundaram R.(PubMed)
(4) Vegetable-based dietary pattern and liver cancer risk: results from the Shanghai women's and men's health studies. by Zhang W, Xiang YB, Li HL, Yang G, Cai H, Ji BT, Gao YT, Zheng W, Shu XO.(PubMed)

Food therapy - Black beans (Phaseolus) and Colon Cancer

Black bean is a Small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongs to the family Fabaceae and can bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms. It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
Colon Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents
a. Nutrients
1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Protein
4. Fat
5. Vitamin A
6. Vitamin B
7. Folate
8. Vitamin C
9. Calcium
10. Magnesium
11. Manganese
12. Phosphorus
13. Molybdenum
14. Iron
10. Etc.
b. Chemicals constituents
The major chemical compounds of black bean include anthocyanin, (-)-epicatechin, delphinidin, petunidin, flavonols  and malvidin.

The benefits
Through human history. black bean has been used as major sources of food consumption as well as
a food in preventing and treating. in TCM black bean is considered as a sources to enhance liver to produce and regulate the circulation of blood. Flavonoids, Genistein and saponins found in black bean has exert the antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines as Genistein was related with the activity against mammary cancer cells but flavonols and group B saponins were more related with hepatic and colon cancers. Non-glycosilated flavonols were related with antioxidant capacity. In other study, black bean is found to  reduce azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats, Dr. Hangen L and the research team said that total tumor multiplicity was also significantly lower in rats fed the black bean (1.1) and navy bean (1.0) diets than in rats fed the control diet (2.2). The 44-75% reduction in colon carcinogenesis in rats fed beans was attributed to 1) more controlled appetites, leading to significantly less body fat, and 2) much greater concentrations of butyrate in the distal colon. It was concluded that eating black beans and navy beans significantly lowered colon cancer incidence and multiplicity.

The Side effect
1. Purines
Black beans contain purines, excessive intake of these substances can cause the accumulation of uric acid, leading to"gout" and kidney stones.
2. Etc.
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References
(1) Differential accumulation of polyphenolics in black bean genotypes grown in four environments.
Marles MA, Balasubramanian P, Bett KE. (PubMed)
(2) Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracted saponins and flavonols from germinated black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
Guajardo-Flores D, Serna-Saldívar SO, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA(PubMed)
(3) Consumption of black beans and navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) reduced azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats. by Hangen L, Bennink MR.(PubMed)

Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain


Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), particularly carbonated soft drinks, may be a key contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity, by virtue of these beverages' high added sugar conten. Researchers at the , Harvard School of Public Health, showed that a school-based intervention found significantly less soft-drink consumption and prevalence of obese and overweight children in the intervention group than in control subjects after 12 mo, and a recent 25-week randomized controlled trial in adolescents found further evidence linking SSB intake to body weight. The weight of epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates that a greater consumption of SSBs is associated with weight gain and obesity. Although more research is needed, sufficient evidence exists for public health strategies to discourage consumption of sugary drinks as part of a healthy lifestyle(1).

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
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Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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(1) " Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review" by Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB.