Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Ischemic colitis
Ischemic colitis is the most common type of intestinal ischemia
A.4.1. Non surgical treatments
Supportive care with intravenous fluids, optimization of hemodynamic
status, avoidance of vasoconstrictive drugs, bowel rest, and empiric
antibiotics will produce clinical improvement within 1 to 2 days in most
patients, according to the study by Duke University Medical Center(95).
A.4.2. Surgical treatments
1. Colectomy
According to the study by , although conservative therapy is effective in most cases, surgery still plays a key role in the treatment of ischemic colitis.
Here, we describe a case of a 73-year-old man in whom
laparoscopy-assisted left colectomy was performed 80 d after the onset
of ischemic colitis. He recovered completely after surgery, and the pathological findings were consistent with ischemic colitis(96).
2. Colonoscopy
In the study of 15 patients with ischemia of the colon, researchers
found that rigid proctoscopy was normal or demonstrated nonspecific
proctitis in 12 of 15 patients studied. Colonoscopic biopsies
demonstrated superficial inflammatory changes in all patients. Thirteen
patients had complete mucosal healing endoscopically in 2 weeks to 3
months with stricture developing in four patients. Because ischemic colitis is a distinct subtype of ischemic
bowel disease most often limited to the superficial mucosa, colonoscopy
is an alternative and usually safe modality in the diagnosis of this
entity and proved more accurate that conventional x-ray and
proctoscopy(97).
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Sources
(95) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15759953
(96) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23293734
(97) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7297823
Tuesday, 3 December 2013
Chemical colitis - Treatments in Conventional medicine
Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Iatrogenic colitis - Chemical colitis
1. Glutaraldehyde induced colitis presents clinically with severe abdominal pain, bloody and mucoid diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and tenesmus 48-72 h after colonoscopy. Endoscopic findings are nonspecific and mimic ischemic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious colitis. According to the study by. the treatment is mainly supportive but sometimes necessitates mesalamine, prednisolone, or metronidazole and the resolution is rapid. In endoscopy units, strict adherence to published disinfection protocols is very important and the cleaning, rinsing and drying protocols also deserve the same attention
a. Mesalamine
Mesalazine (INN, BAN), also known as mesalamine (USAN) or 5-aminosalicylic
acid (5-ASA). In the study to assess the experimental colitis induced by rectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) into male Wistar rats, found that the loading of 5-ASA into SucCH polymer markedly improved efficacy in the healing of induced colitis in rats(90).
b. Prednisolone and Metronidazole
Prednisolone is a synthetic form of lucocorticoid, used to treat a variety of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions and Metronidazole is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial cause of infection in your body.. According to the study by, the treatment is mainly supportive but sometimes necessitates mesalamine, prednisolone, or metronidazole and the resolution is rapid. In endoscopy units, strict adherence to published disinfection protocols is very important and the cleaning, rinsing and drying protocols also deserve the same attention(91).
c. Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)
Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), a master regulator of drug metabolism and inflammation, is abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. In the study by Albert Einstein College of Medicine, to investigate the role these flavonoids play in inhibiting gut inflammation by an axis involving PXR and other potential factors, found that Baicalein, but not its glucuronidated metabolite baicalin, activates PXR in a Cdx2-dependent manner in vitro, in human colon carcinoma LS174T cells, and in the murine colon in vivo. While both flavonoids abrogate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-mediated colon inflammation in vivo, oral delivery of a potent bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitor eliminates baicalin's effect on gastrointestinal inflammation by preventing the microbial conversion of baicalin to baicalien(92).
2. Certain chemicals such as TUDCA and PBA alleviate different forms of colitis in mice(93), including inflammatory bowel diseases, Ischemic colitis(94), etc. Treatment of such diseases depending to the development of types of colitis.
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Sources
(90) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815676
(91) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19104938
(92) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815676
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Iatrogenic colitis - Chemical colitis
1. Glutaraldehyde induced colitis presents clinically with severe abdominal pain, bloody and mucoid diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and tenesmus 48-72 h after colonoscopy. Endoscopic findings are nonspecific and mimic ischemic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious colitis. According to the study by. the treatment is mainly supportive but sometimes necessitates mesalamine, prednisolone, or metronidazole and the resolution is rapid. In endoscopy units, strict adherence to published disinfection protocols is very important and the cleaning, rinsing and drying protocols also deserve the same attention
a. Mesalamine
Mesalazine (INN, BAN), also known as mesalamine (USAN) or 5-aminosalicylic
acid (5-ASA). In the study to assess the experimental colitis induced by rectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) into male Wistar rats, found that the loading of 5-ASA into SucCH polymer markedly improved efficacy in the healing of induced colitis in rats(90).
b. Prednisolone and Metronidazole
Prednisolone is a synthetic form of lucocorticoid, used to treat a variety of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions and Metronidazole is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial cause of infection in your body.. According to the study by, the treatment is mainly supportive but sometimes necessitates mesalamine, prednisolone, or metronidazole and the resolution is rapid. In endoscopy units, strict adherence to published disinfection protocols is very important and the cleaning, rinsing and drying protocols also deserve the same attention(91).
c. Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)
Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), a master regulator of drug metabolism and inflammation, is abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. In the study by Albert Einstein College of Medicine, to investigate the role these flavonoids play in inhibiting gut inflammation by an axis involving PXR and other potential factors, found that Baicalein, but not its glucuronidated metabolite baicalin, activates PXR in a Cdx2-dependent manner in vitro, in human colon carcinoma LS174T cells, and in the murine colon in vivo. While both flavonoids abrogate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-mediated colon inflammation in vivo, oral delivery of a potent bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitor eliminates baicalin's effect on gastrointestinal inflammation by preventing the microbial conversion of baicalin to baicalien(92).
2. Certain chemicals such as TUDCA and PBA alleviate different forms of colitis in mice(93), including inflammatory bowel diseases, Ischemic colitis(94), etc. Treatment of such diseases depending to the development of types of colitis.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(90) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815676
(91) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19104938
(92) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815676
Diversion colitis - Treatments in Conventional medicine
Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Iatrogenic colitis
A.3.1. Diversion colitis
1. Short-chain-fatty acid irrigation
A condition known as diversion colitis frequently develops in segments of the colorectum after surgical diversion of the fecal stream. In the study of four patients with diversion colitis, none of whom had evidence of Crohn's, idiopathic ulcerative, or infectious colitis, found that diversion colitis may represent an inflammatory state resulting from a nutritional deficiency in the lumen of the colonic epithelium, which is effectively treated by local application of short-chain fatty acids, the missing nutrients(86a).
2. 5-aminosalicylic acid (Rowasa) enemas
a. There is a report of an 85-yr-old female presented with diversion colitis after surgery with a resultant colostomy and excluded rectal segment. Treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (Rowasa) enemas resulted in both endoscopic and histological resolution. This is the first case of diversion colitis treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas, according to the study by Winthrop University Hospital(86b).
b. Side effects are not limit to severe stomach pain, cramping, fever, headache, and bloody diarrhea
3. Corticosteroids
a. According to the study by, Short-term corticosteroid use is associated with generally mild side effects, including cutaneous effects, electrolyte abnormalities, hypertension, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, hematologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic effects, although occasionally, clinically significant side effects may occur. Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations(81a).
b. Side effects, According to the study by, Short-term corticosteroid use is associated with generally mild side effects, including cutaneous effects, electrolyte abnormalities, hypertension, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, hematologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic effects, although occasionally, clinically significant side effects may occur. Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations(81a)
4. Surgery
a. Colectomy
Colectomy is a surgical treatment in removing the colon. In the study using the University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Epidemiology Database, a population-based data set including UC patients with up to 25 years of post diagnosis follow-up, found that the cumulative incidence of colectomy in UC is lower than previously reported, and appears to be decreasing further among more recently diagnosed cohorts of patients. Male sex and hospitalization at the time of diagnosis are major risk factors for EC and LC(83)
But according to the study by Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab were less likely to undergo colectomy through 54 weeks than those receiving placebo(84).
b. Proctocolectomy and Ileostomy
Proctocolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the entire colon and rectum. Ileostomy is a surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin(85).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(81) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767007
(81a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588541
(82) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034604
(83) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613902
(84) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596014
(85) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileostomy
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Iatrogenic colitis
A.3.1. Diversion colitis
1. Short-chain-fatty acid irrigation
A condition known as diversion colitis frequently develops in segments of the colorectum after surgical diversion of the fecal stream. In the study of four patients with diversion colitis, none of whom had evidence of Crohn's, idiopathic ulcerative, or infectious colitis, found that diversion colitis may represent an inflammatory state resulting from a nutritional deficiency in the lumen of the colonic epithelium, which is effectively treated by local application of short-chain fatty acids, the missing nutrients(86a).
2. 5-aminosalicylic acid (Rowasa) enemas
a. There is a report of an 85-yr-old female presented with diversion colitis after surgery with a resultant colostomy and excluded rectal segment. Treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (Rowasa) enemas resulted in both endoscopic and histological resolution. This is the first case of diversion colitis treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas, according to the study by Winthrop University Hospital(86b).
b. Side effects are not limit to severe stomach pain, cramping, fever, headache, and bloody diarrhea
3. Corticosteroids
a. According to the study by, Short-term corticosteroid use is associated with generally mild side effects, including cutaneous effects, electrolyte abnormalities, hypertension, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, hematologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic effects, although occasionally, clinically significant side effects may occur. Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations(81a).
b. Side effects, According to the study by, Short-term corticosteroid use is associated with generally mild side effects, including cutaneous effects, electrolyte abnormalities, hypertension, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, hematologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic effects, although occasionally, clinically significant side effects may occur. Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations(81a)
4. Surgery
a. Colectomy
Colectomy is a surgical treatment in removing the colon. In the study using the University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Epidemiology Database, a population-based data set including UC patients with up to 25 years of post diagnosis follow-up, found that the cumulative incidence of colectomy in UC is lower than previously reported, and appears to be decreasing further among more recently diagnosed cohorts of patients. Male sex and hospitalization at the time of diagnosis are major risk factors for EC and LC(83)
But according to the study by Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab were less likely to undergo colectomy through 54 weeks than those receiving placebo(84).
b. Proctocolectomy and Ileostomy
Proctocolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the entire colon and rectum. Ileostomy is a surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin(85).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(81) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767007
(81a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588541
(82) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034604
(83) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613902
(84) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596014
(85) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileostomy
Microscopic colitis - Treatments in Conventional medicine
Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Microscopic colitis
Since certain medication such as nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) or naproxen (Aleve) may induced the diseases, it is the best of the aptients to exclude them before taking any medicine.
A.2.1. Non surdical treatments
1. Corticosteroids
The incidence of microscopic colitis and its disease burden are increasing, according to the study by the University of Calgary, both short- and long-term treatment with budesonide is effective and well-tolerated for microscopic colitis. However, the rate of symptom relapse once budesonide is discontinued is high(87). Othe rrecent study indicated that a strong evidence has added new pharmacological options for the treatment of microscopic colitis: the role of steroidal therapy, especially oral budesonide, has gained relevance, as well as immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine(89).
2. Antacids and adsorbents
In the study of thirteen patients with microscopic colitis (7 with subepithelial collagen deposition and 6 without) treated with eight chewable 262-mg bismuth subsalicylate tablets per day for 8 weeks, conducted by Baylor University Medical Center, found that Bismuth subsalicylate treatment for 8 weeks is safe and well tolerated. This regimen appears to be efficacious for the treatment of microscopic colitis and is worthy of further study in a controlled trial(88).
3. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents
The use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents, infliximab and adalimumab, constitutes a new, interesting tool for the treatment of microscopic colitis, but larger, adequately designed studies are needed to confirm existing data(89).
4. Side effects are not limit to
a. Corticosteroids
According to the study by, Short-term corticosteroid use is associated with generally mild side effects, including cutaneous effects, electrolyte abnormalities, hypertension, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, hematologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic effects, although occasionally, clinically significant side effects may occur. Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations(81a).
b. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents
b.4.1. Infliximab-induced or-exacerbated psoriatic lesions(82)
b.4.2. A rare cancer of white blood cells
b.4.3. Risk of opportunistic infections
b.4.4. TB and fungal infection
c. Antacids and adsorbents
Side effects include a chalky taste, mild constipation or diarrhea, thirst, stomach cramps, etc.
A.2.2. Surgical treatment
In rare case, sugical treatment may be necessary for patients with microscopic colitis if patients are not respond to medication treatment, depending to the patients conditions. Proctocolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the entire colon and rectum. Ileostomy is a surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin(85). According to the study by the University of Chicago Medical Center, totally laparoscopic total proctocolectomy is therefore considered a safe alternative to open surgery for selected IBD patients not candidates for a restorative procedure(86).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(81) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767007
(81a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588541
(82) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034604
(83) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613902
(84) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596014
(85) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileostomy
(86) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761510
(86a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2909876
(86b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1595655
(87) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699817
(88) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9428215
(89) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180940
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Microscopic colitis
Since certain medication such as nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) or naproxen (Aleve) may induced the diseases, it is the best of the aptients to exclude them before taking any medicine.
A.2.1. Non surdical treatments
1. Corticosteroids
The incidence of microscopic colitis and its disease burden are increasing, according to the study by the University of Calgary, both short- and long-term treatment with budesonide is effective and well-tolerated for microscopic colitis. However, the rate of symptom relapse once budesonide is discontinued is high(87). Othe rrecent study indicated that a strong evidence has added new pharmacological options for the treatment of microscopic colitis: the role of steroidal therapy, especially oral budesonide, has gained relevance, as well as immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine(89).
2. Antacids and adsorbents
In the study of thirteen patients with microscopic colitis (7 with subepithelial collagen deposition and 6 without) treated with eight chewable 262-mg bismuth subsalicylate tablets per day for 8 weeks, conducted by Baylor University Medical Center, found that Bismuth subsalicylate treatment for 8 weeks is safe and well tolerated. This regimen appears to be efficacious for the treatment of microscopic colitis and is worthy of further study in a controlled trial(88).
3. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents
The use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents, infliximab and adalimumab, constitutes a new, interesting tool for the treatment of microscopic colitis, but larger, adequately designed studies are needed to confirm existing data(89).
4. Side effects are not limit to
a. Corticosteroids
According to the study by, Short-term corticosteroid use is associated with generally mild side effects, including cutaneous effects, electrolyte abnormalities, hypertension, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, hematologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic effects, although occasionally, clinically significant side effects may occur. Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations(81a).
b. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents
b.4.1. Infliximab-induced or-exacerbated psoriatic lesions(82)
b.4.2. A rare cancer of white blood cells
b.4.3. Risk of opportunistic infections
b.4.4. TB and fungal infection
c. Antacids and adsorbents
Side effects include a chalky taste, mild constipation or diarrhea, thirst, stomach cramps, etc.
A.2.2. Surgical treatment
In rare case, sugical treatment may be necessary for patients with microscopic colitis if patients are not respond to medication treatment, depending to the patients conditions. Proctocolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the entire colon and rectum. Ileostomy is a surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin(85). According to the study by the University of Chicago Medical Center, totally laparoscopic total proctocolectomy is therefore considered a safe alternative to open surgery for selected IBD patients not candidates for a restorative procedure(86).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(81) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767007
(81a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588541
(82) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034604
(83) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613902
(84) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596014
(85) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileostomy
(86) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761510
(86a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2909876
(86b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1595655
(87) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699817
(88) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9428215
(89) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180940
Colitis as a result of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - The Conventional medicine Treatments
Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Treatments in the conventional medicine is depending to the types of colitis.
A.1. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
A.1.1. Non surgical therapy
1. Self care at home
a. Through home telemanagement
In a a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate a home telemanagement system for UC (UC HAT) on disease activity, quality of life (QoL), and adherence compared to best available care (BAC), showed that UC HAT did not improve disease activity, QoL, or adherence compared to BAC after 1 year, but after adjustment for baseline disease knowledge, UC HAT trial completers experienced significant gains in disease-specific QoL from baseline compared to BAC trial completers. The results suggested a potential benefit of UC HAT. Further research is indicated to determine if telemedicine improves outcomes in patients with IBD(77).
b. Web-guided therapy
In the study to test the thesis: 1) In a European evidence based consensus to assess the IBD patients' need for Quality of Health Care (QoHC); 2) To validate the influence of a Patient Educational Center (PEC) and a web-based treatment solution program, www.constant-care.dk, on patients' disease self-management, adherence, Quality of Life, and disease course after 1 year of self-initiated 5-ASA treatment. UC patients in a conventional out-patient setting were used as controls; 3) To validate two new quantitative rapid tests (RT scanning and HT photo) for Faecal Calprotectin (FC) measurement, and to assess whether HT photo can be useful as a home test to help the patients deciding on self-initiated treatment, found that the new rapid home test (HT photo) was accurate and comparable with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with a 90% specificity and a 96% sensitivity. The rapid test can be useful in clinical settings concerning disease self-monitoring at home, which would decrease the use of endoscopy in some cases. The findings corresponded well with action plan for a European e-Health Area and could be a helpful tool to provide more efficient health care for UC patients. Widespread implementation of the "Constant-Care" is possible, but it may require a reshaping of the current health care for IBD patients both legally and economically. It may also empower patients in disease self-management and reduce dependency on doctors(78).
3. Pain management
Abdominal pain is a common symptom in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has a profound negative impact on patients' lives. According to the study byUniversity Clinic of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, there is growing evidence linking peripheral and mucosal immune changes and abdominal pain in IBS, supporting disturbed peripheral pain signalling. Findings in post-infectious IBS emphasize the interaction between centrally-mediated psychosocial risk factors and local inflammation in predicting long-term IBS symptoms. Investigating afferent immune-to-brain communication in visceral hyperalgesia as a component of the sickness response constitutes a promising future research goal(78a).
4. Biological therapy, including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immune modifiers, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, antibiotics, etc.
a. According to the study conducted by Helsinki University Central Hospital, with questionnaire rerponse including demographic questions and questions about IBD patients' use of biological medications, indicated that the use of antidepressants (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28-1.61), anxiolytics (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.31-1.78), oral bisphosphonates (OR: 6.08, 95% CI: 4.56-8.11), cardiovascular medications (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.24-1.54), antibiotics (OR: 4.01, 95% CI: 3.57-4.51), proton pump inhibitors (OR: 3.90, 95% CI: 3.48-4.36), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.28) was significantly more common in IBD than among the controls. The study also said that those who used antidepressants, anxiolytics, or analgesics had significantly impaired HRQoL (p < 0.001)(79a).
Also in the study of one hundred and twenty-five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria who were issued questionnaires, of these 78 questionnaires were returned (62 percent response), showed that 33 patients (42 percent) preferred infliximab and 19 patients (24 percent) preferred adalimumab (p = 0.07). Twenty-six patients (33 percent) did not indicate a preference for either biological therapy and were not included in the final analysis. The commonest reason cited for those who chose infliximab (iv) was: "I do not like the idea of self-injecting," (67 percent). For those patients who preferred adalimumab (sc) the commonest reason cited was: "I prefer the convenience of injecting at home," (79 percent). Of those patients who had previously been treated with an anti-TNF therapy (n = 10, all infliximab) six patients stated that they would prefer infliximab if given the choice in the future (p = 0.75)(79). Other study indiacted that the anti-TNFα inhibitors represent a momentous advance in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional treatments. They offer significant benefits in quality of life and mucosal healing, and may have the potential to change the evolution of the disease when given early(80).
Treatment with anti-TNF antibodies is accompanied by sexual dimorphic profile of ADR with female patients being more at risk for allergic reactions and subsequent discontinuation of the treatment, according to the department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center(81).
b. Side effects
Side of below medication are not limit to
b.1. Aminosalicylates
Side effects include Trouble breathing, Hives, Swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, etc.
b.2. Corticosteroids
According to the study by, Short-term corticosteroid use is associated with generally mild side effects, including cutaneous effects, electrolyte abnormalities, hypertension, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, hematologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic effects, although occasionally, clinically significant side effects may occur. Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations(81a).
b.3. Immune modifiers
Side effects include flu-like symptoms including fever, chills, nausea, appetite loss, etc.
b.4. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents
b.4.1. Infliximab-induced or-exacerbated psoriatic lesions(82)
b.4.2. A rare cancer of white blood cells
b.4.3. Risk of opportunistic infections
b.4.4. TB and fungal infection
b.5. Antibiotics
Side effects include dry eyes, mouth and skin, ringing in his ears, delayed urination, uncontrollable shaking, etc.
5. Probiotics
According to the study by the University of Washington, Seattle, in a an altered or pathogenic microbiota causes inflammation in a genetically susceptible individual, indicated that Probiotics have some efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but our current repertoire is limited in potency. Fecal microbiota therapy (FMT) is an emerging treatment for several gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders. It has demonstrated efficacy in treating refractory Clostridium difficile infection, and there are case reports of FMT successfully treating UC(82).
6. Etc.
A.1.2. Surgical treatments
In certain cases, surgical treatment may be necessary depending to type of colitis and patient's condition.
1. Colectomy
Colectomy is a surgical treatment in removing the colon. In the study using the University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Epidemiology Database, a population-based data set including UC patients with up to 25 years of post diagnosis follow-up, found that the cumulative incidence of colectomy in UC is lower than previously reported, and appears to be decreasing further among more recently diagnosed cohorts of patients. Male sex and hospitalization at the time of diagnosis are major risk factors for EC and LC(83)
But according to the study by Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab were less likely to undergo colectomy through 54 weeks than those receiving placebo(84).
2. Proctocolectomy and Ileostomy
Proctocolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the entire colon and rectum. Ileostomy is a surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin(85). According to the study by the University of Chicago Medical Center, totally laparoscopic total proctocolectomy is therefore considered a safe alternative to open surgery for selected IBD patients not candidates for a restorative procedure(86).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(77) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21688350
(78) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22759851
(78a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21094682
(79a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23163864
(79) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064220
(80) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21175228
(80a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23322995
(81) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767007
(81a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588541
(82) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034604
(83) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613902
(84) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596014
(85) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileostomy
(86) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761510
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
Treatments in the conventional medicine is depending to the types of colitis.
A.1. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
A.1.1. Non surgical therapy
1. Self care at home
a. Through home telemanagement
In a a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate a home telemanagement system for UC (UC HAT) on disease activity, quality of life (QoL), and adherence compared to best available care (BAC), showed that UC HAT did not improve disease activity, QoL, or adherence compared to BAC after 1 year, but after adjustment for baseline disease knowledge, UC HAT trial completers experienced significant gains in disease-specific QoL from baseline compared to BAC trial completers. The results suggested a potential benefit of UC HAT. Further research is indicated to determine if telemedicine improves outcomes in patients with IBD(77).
b. Web-guided therapy
In the study to test the thesis: 1) In a European evidence based consensus to assess the IBD patients' need for Quality of Health Care (QoHC); 2) To validate the influence of a Patient Educational Center (PEC) and a web-based treatment solution program, www.constant-care.dk, on patients' disease self-management, adherence, Quality of Life, and disease course after 1 year of self-initiated 5-ASA treatment. UC patients in a conventional out-patient setting were used as controls; 3) To validate two new quantitative rapid tests (RT scanning and HT photo) for Faecal Calprotectin (FC) measurement, and to assess whether HT photo can be useful as a home test to help the patients deciding on self-initiated treatment, found that the new rapid home test (HT photo) was accurate and comparable with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with a 90% specificity and a 96% sensitivity. The rapid test can be useful in clinical settings concerning disease self-monitoring at home, which would decrease the use of endoscopy in some cases. The findings corresponded well with action plan for a European e-Health Area and could be a helpful tool to provide more efficient health care for UC patients. Widespread implementation of the "Constant-Care" is possible, but it may require a reshaping of the current health care for IBD patients both legally and economically. It may also empower patients in disease self-management and reduce dependency on doctors(78).
3. Pain management
Abdominal pain is a common symptom in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has a profound negative impact on patients' lives. According to the study byUniversity Clinic of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, there is growing evidence linking peripheral and mucosal immune changes and abdominal pain in IBS, supporting disturbed peripheral pain signalling. Findings in post-infectious IBS emphasize the interaction between centrally-mediated psychosocial risk factors and local inflammation in predicting long-term IBS symptoms. Investigating afferent immune-to-brain communication in visceral hyperalgesia as a component of the sickness response constitutes a promising future research goal(78a).
4. Biological therapy, including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immune modifiers, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, antibiotics, etc.
a. According to the study conducted by Helsinki University Central Hospital, with questionnaire rerponse including demographic questions and questions about IBD patients' use of biological medications, indicated that the use of antidepressants (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28-1.61), anxiolytics (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.31-1.78), oral bisphosphonates (OR: 6.08, 95% CI: 4.56-8.11), cardiovascular medications (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.24-1.54), antibiotics (OR: 4.01, 95% CI: 3.57-4.51), proton pump inhibitors (OR: 3.90, 95% CI: 3.48-4.36), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.28) was significantly more common in IBD than among the controls. The study also said that those who used antidepressants, anxiolytics, or analgesics had significantly impaired HRQoL (p < 0.001)(79a).
Also in the study of one hundred and twenty-five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria who were issued questionnaires, of these 78 questionnaires were returned (62 percent response), showed that 33 patients (42 percent) preferred infliximab and 19 patients (24 percent) preferred adalimumab (p = 0.07). Twenty-six patients (33 percent) did not indicate a preference for either biological therapy and were not included in the final analysis. The commonest reason cited for those who chose infliximab (iv) was: "I do not like the idea of self-injecting," (67 percent). For those patients who preferred adalimumab (sc) the commonest reason cited was: "I prefer the convenience of injecting at home," (79 percent). Of those patients who had previously been treated with an anti-TNF therapy (n = 10, all infliximab) six patients stated that they would prefer infliximab if given the choice in the future (p = 0.75)(79). Other study indiacted that the anti-TNFα inhibitors represent a momentous advance in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional treatments. They offer significant benefits in quality of life and mucosal healing, and may have the potential to change the evolution of the disease when given early(80).
Treatment with anti-TNF antibodies is accompanied by sexual dimorphic profile of ADR with female patients being more at risk for allergic reactions and subsequent discontinuation of the treatment, according to the department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center(81).
b. Side effects
Side of below medication are not limit to
b.1. Aminosalicylates
Side effects include Trouble breathing, Hives, Swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, etc.
b.2. Corticosteroids
According to the study by, Short-term corticosteroid use is associated with generally mild side effects, including cutaneous effects, electrolyte abnormalities, hypertension, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, hematologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic effects, although occasionally, clinically significant side effects may occur. Long-term corticosteroid use may be associated with more serious sequel, including osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and ophthalmologic effects, hyperlipidemia, growth suppression, and possible congenital malformations(81a).
b.3. Immune modifiers
Side effects include flu-like symptoms including fever, chills, nausea, appetite loss, etc.
b.4. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents
b.4.1. Infliximab-induced or-exacerbated psoriatic lesions(82)
b.4.2. A rare cancer of white blood cells
b.4.3. Risk of opportunistic infections
b.4.4. TB and fungal infection
b.5. Antibiotics
Side effects include dry eyes, mouth and skin, ringing in his ears, delayed urination, uncontrollable shaking, etc.
5. Probiotics
According to the study by the University of Washington, Seattle, in a an altered or pathogenic microbiota causes inflammation in a genetically susceptible individual, indicated that Probiotics have some efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but our current repertoire is limited in potency. Fecal microbiota therapy (FMT) is an emerging treatment for several gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders. It has demonstrated efficacy in treating refractory Clostridium difficile infection, and there are case reports of FMT successfully treating UC(82).
6. Etc.
A.1.2. Surgical treatments
In certain cases, surgical treatment may be necessary depending to type of colitis and patient's condition.
1. Colectomy
Colectomy is a surgical treatment in removing the colon. In the study using the University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Epidemiology Database, a population-based data set including UC patients with up to 25 years of post diagnosis follow-up, found that the cumulative incidence of colectomy in UC is lower than previously reported, and appears to be decreasing further among more recently diagnosed cohorts of patients. Male sex and hospitalization at the time of diagnosis are major risk factors for EC and LC(83)
But according to the study by Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab were less likely to undergo colectomy through 54 weeks than those receiving placebo(84).
2. Proctocolectomy and Ileostomy
Proctocolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the entire colon and rectum. Ileostomy is a surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin(85). According to the study by the University of Chicago Medical Center, totally laparoscopic total proctocolectomy is therefore considered a safe alternative to open surgery for selected IBD patients not candidates for a restorative procedure(86).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(77) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21688350
(78) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22759851
(78a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21094682
(79a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23163864
(79) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064220
(80) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21175228
(80a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23322995
(81) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767007
(81a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588541
(82) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034604
(83) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613902
(84) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596014
(85) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileostomy
(86) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761510
Colitis - The Antioxidants
Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.
Antioxidants to prevent colitis
1. Selenium
Selenium deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of some human diseases, including colon cancer. According to the study by Katedry i Zakładu Biochemii i Chemii AM, Katowicach-Ligocie, the inverse correlation between serum selenium concentration and the extension of the disease may be caused by a decreased absorption of selenium from the diseased colon in ulcerative colitis(70).
2. Tomato lycopene
In the study to investigate the effect of TLE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced innate signaling and experimental colitis, indicate that TLE prevents LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression by blocking of NF-kappaB signaling, but aggravates DSS-induced colitis by enhancing epithelial cell apoptosis(71).
3. Myricetin
In the study to assess the protective effect of myricetin administered orally at 200, 100 or 50 mg/kg for 10 days in a murine model of acute experimental colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), showed that treatment with myricetin ameliorated body weight loss in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced histology scores. Myricetin decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). As it suggested that the anticolitis effects of myricetin may be attributed to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions(72).
4. Vitamin E
As a vitamin, vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant and a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, and it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities in tissues. According to the study by Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, vitamin E administration suppressed these changes in the AA-induced colitis group (p < 0.001). Administration of AA resulted in increased levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, and decreased levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase; vitamin E reversed these effects (all p < 0.001)(73).
5. Melatonin (N-acetylcysteine)
In the study to investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rat models of colitis, found that melatonin has a protective effect on colonic injury induced by both acetic acid and TNBS enemas, which is probably via a mechanism of local inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in colonic mucosa(74). Other study also found that melatonin reduces colonic inflammatory injury through downregulating proinflammatory molecule mediated by NF-kappaB inhibition and blockade of IkappaBalpha degradation in rats with colitis(75).
6. N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine
According to the study by Universidad de Alcala, in the evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, found that Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine (group A) and mesalamine plus placebo (group B) respectively (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7). Oral NAC combined with mesalamine contrarily to group B (mesalamine alone), the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects(76).
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(70) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1302352
(71) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19234608
(72) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232835
(73) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21933527
(74) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12800246
(75) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16192667
(76) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473409
Antioxidants to prevent colitis
1. Selenium
Selenium deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of some human diseases, including colon cancer. According to the study by Katedry i Zakładu Biochemii i Chemii AM, Katowicach-Ligocie, the inverse correlation between serum selenium concentration and the extension of the disease may be caused by a decreased absorption of selenium from the diseased colon in ulcerative colitis(70).
2. Tomato lycopene
In the study to investigate the effect of TLE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced innate signaling and experimental colitis, indicate that TLE prevents LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression by blocking of NF-kappaB signaling, but aggravates DSS-induced colitis by enhancing epithelial cell apoptosis(71).
3. Myricetin
In the study to assess the protective effect of myricetin administered orally at 200, 100 or 50 mg/kg for 10 days in a murine model of acute experimental colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), showed that treatment with myricetin ameliorated body weight loss in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced histology scores. Myricetin decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). As it suggested that the anticolitis effects of myricetin may be attributed to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions(72).
4. Vitamin E
As a vitamin, vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant and a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, and it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities in tissues. According to the study by Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, vitamin E administration suppressed these changes in the AA-induced colitis group (p < 0.001). Administration of AA resulted in increased levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, and decreased levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase; vitamin E reversed these effects (all p < 0.001)(73).
5. Melatonin (N-acetylcysteine)
In the study to investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rat models of colitis, found that melatonin has a protective effect on colonic injury induced by both acetic acid and TNBS enemas, which is probably via a mechanism of local inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in colonic mucosa(74). Other study also found that melatonin reduces colonic inflammatory injury through downregulating proinflammatory molecule mediated by NF-kappaB inhibition and blockade of IkappaBalpha degradation in rats with colitis(75).
6. N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine
According to the study by Universidad de Alcala, in the evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, found that Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine (group A) and mesalamine plus placebo (group B) respectively (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7). Oral NAC combined with mesalamine contrarily to group B (mesalamine alone), the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects(76).
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(70) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1302352
(71) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19234608
(72) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232835
(73) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21933527
(74) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12800246
(75) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16192667
(76) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473409
Colitis - The Phytochemicals
Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.
Phytochemicals to prevent colitis
1. Anthocyanins (Green tea)
Sunrouge, an anthocyanin-rich tea, has similar levels of catechins as "Yabukita," the most popular green tea cultivar consumed in Japan. In the study to determine the inhibitory effects of Sunrouge on colitis in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated and untreated control mice, conducted by Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, found that Sunrouge improved these DSS-induced symptoms, at least in part, whereas Yabukita showed either no effect or adverse effects in regard to some those parameters. It is suggested that the differences between Yabukita and Sunrouge on DSS-induced colitis might be due to the high levels of anthocyanins found in Sunrouge tea(62).
2. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (Green tea)
According to the study by Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, the concept of anti-inflammatory properties of EGCG being generally beneficial in the DSS-model of colitis, an effect that may be mediated by its strong antioxidative potential(63).
3. Green tea extarct
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by oxidative and nitrosative stress, leukocyte infiltration, and up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in the colon. According to the study to examine the effects of green tea extract in rats subjected to experimental colitis induced by intracolonic instillation of dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS), found that treatment with green tea extract significantly attenuated diarrhoea and loss of body weight. This was associated with a remarkable amelioration of the disruption of the colonic architecture, significant reduction of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. Green tea extract also reduced the appearance of nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the colon and reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1(64).
4. Procyanidins (Grpae seed)
Grape seed extract (GSE) constitutes a rich source of procyanidins. GSE has been demonstrated to exert encouraging anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties in experimental settings. In the study to determine the effects of GSE in a rat model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for ulcerative colitis, showed that GSE decreased the severity of selected markers of DSS-induced colitis in the distal ileum and proximal colon, suggesting the potential as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(65).
5. Curcumin (Turmuric)
Curcumin is a widely used spice with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. It has been reported to have beneficial effects in experimental colitis. According to the study by The Western Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, curcumin shows significant therapeutic effects on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis that are comparable to sulfasalazine. The anti-inflammatory actions of curcumin on colitis may involve inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and of IL-27 expression(66). Other study also indicatred that curcumin may be a safe and effective therapy for maintenance of remission in quiescent UC when given as adjunctive therapy along with mesalamine or sulfasalazine(67).
6. Resveratrol (Grape skin and seed)
According to the study by Cairo University, the anti-ulcerative effect of resveratrol in TNBS-induced experimental colitis via reduction of neutrophil infiltration, inhibition of adhesive molecules, and restoration of the nitric oxide level, as well as the redox status(68). Other study found that resveratrol effectively attenuated overall clinical scores as well as various pathological markers of colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice by down regulating Th1 responses. Resveratrol lessened the colitis-associated decrease in body weight and increased levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), CXCL10 and colon TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES, IL-12 and IL-1β concentrations(69).
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(62) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422705
(63) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22325177
(64) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16087483
(65) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143736
(66) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250811
(67) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076948
(68) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22029500
(69) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21807089
Phytochemicals to prevent colitis
1. Anthocyanins (Green tea)
Sunrouge, an anthocyanin-rich tea, has similar levels of catechins as "Yabukita," the most popular green tea cultivar consumed in Japan. In the study to determine the inhibitory effects of Sunrouge on colitis in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated and untreated control mice, conducted by Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, found that Sunrouge improved these DSS-induced symptoms, at least in part, whereas Yabukita showed either no effect or adverse effects in regard to some those parameters. It is suggested that the differences between Yabukita and Sunrouge on DSS-induced colitis might be due to the high levels of anthocyanins found in Sunrouge tea(62).
2. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (Green tea)
According to the study by Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, the concept of anti-inflammatory properties of EGCG being generally beneficial in the DSS-model of colitis, an effect that may be mediated by its strong antioxidative potential(63).
3. Green tea extarct
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by oxidative and nitrosative stress, leukocyte infiltration, and up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in the colon. According to the study to examine the effects of green tea extract in rats subjected to experimental colitis induced by intracolonic instillation of dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS), found that treatment with green tea extract significantly attenuated diarrhoea and loss of body weight. This was associated with a remarkable amelioration of the disruption of the colonic architecture, significant reduction of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. Green tea extract also reduced the appearance of nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the colon and reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1(64).
4. Procyanidins (Grpae seed)
Grape seed extract (GSE) constitutes a rich source of procyanidins. GSE has been demonstrated to exert encouraging anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties in experimental settings. In the study to determine the effects of GSE in a rat model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for ulcerative colitis, showed that GSE decreased the severity of selected markers of DSS-induced colitis in the distal ileum and proximal colon, suggesting the potential as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(65).
5. Curcumin (Turmuric)
Curcumin is a widely used spice with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. It has been reported to have beneficial effects in experimental colitis. According to the study by The Western Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, curcumin shows significant therapeutic effects on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis that are comparable to sulfasalazine. The anti-inflammatory actions of curcumin on colitis may involve inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and of IL-27 expression(66). Other study also indicatred that curcumin may be a safe and effective therapy for maintenance of remission in quiescent UC when given as adjunctive therapy along with mesalamine or sulfasalazine(67).
6. Resveratrol (Grape skin and seed)
According to the study by Cairo University, the anti-ulcerative effect of resveratrol in TNBS-induced experimental colitis via reduction of neutrophil infiltration, inhibition of adhesive molecules, and restoration of the nitric oxide level, as well as the redox status(68). Other study found that resveratrol effectively attenuated overall clinical scores as well as various pathological markers of colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice by down regulating Th1 responses. Resveratrol lessened the colitis-associated decrease in body weight and increased levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), CXCL10 and colon TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES, IL-12 and IL-1β concentrations(69).
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(62) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422705
(63) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22325177
(64) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16087483
(65) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143736
(66) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250811
(67) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076948
(68) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22029500
(69) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21807089
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