Cystitis is defined as a condition of urinary bladder inflammation
Diet
Diet is important to enhance immune system in fighting against forming of free radicals and invasion of bacteria and virus.
1. Foods contain high amount of antioxidant scavenger
Vitamin
A, C, E are classified as antioxidant can be found abundantly in
fruits and vegetable. they not only promte the immune function in free
radicals scavenging but also protect our body against infection and
inflammation. For more information visit Antioxidants
2. Cranberry
According to the study of "Cranberry and urinary tract infections" by Guay DR , posted in PubMed,
researcher indicated that the findings of the Cochrane Collaboration
support the potential use of cranberry products in the prophylaxis of
recurrent UTIs
in young and middle-aged women. However, in light of the heterogeneity
of clinical study designs and the lack of consensus regarding the
dosage regimen and formulation to use, cranberry products cannot be
recommended for the prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs at this time. For other health benefits of foods, visit 100+ Healthy Foods Classification
3. Probiotics
probiotics
enhance the balance of good and bad bacteria in the digestive tract
and other related organs such as vagina. According to the study of
"Role of probiotics in urogenital healthcare" by Waigankar SS, Patel V., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the value of a probiotics cannot be taken at face value. Probiotics must not be considered a panacea for treating urogenital infections. However, the available data promises that it will be a strong option in improving and maintaining urogenital health.
4. Moderate alcohol consumption
In
a study conducted by Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), posted in PubMed,
researchers wrote that moderate alcohol consumption seems to have a
beneficial impact on the immune system compared to alcohol abuse or
abstinence. Therefore, the link between alcohol consumption, immune
response, as well as infectious and inflammatory processes remains not
completely understood.
5. Water Consumption and UTIs
According to the study of "Mild dehydration: a risk factor of urinary tract infection?" by Beetz R., posted in PubMed.,
researchers found that the combination of the behaviourally determined
aspects of host defence and not simply increasing fluid intake is
important in therapy and prophylaxis of UTI.
6. Etc.
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Monday, 2 December 2013
Cystitis Preventions - The do and do not's list
Cystitis is defined as a condition of urinary bladder inflammation
Prevention
C.1. The do and do not's list
1. Void high amount of sugar
Process sugar can decrease the immune system by delaying the immune white blood cells's function for up to 5 hours. According to the quote of "Role of sugars in human neutrophilic phagocytosis" and posted in Dangers of Sugar Intake. Suppressing the immune system over prolonged period of time increases the risk of infection, including urinary tract infection.
2. Avoid excessive intake of Coffee
Can coffee promotes the risk of infection?, according to the study of in 15 men and women, showed that the responses to PHA and Con A were about one-third lower during coffee drinking compared to a period of abstinence from coffee (117335, 99856 and 181236, 153315, P less than 0.004, 0.009 respectively)., conducted by Department of Pediatrics, Rokach Hospital, posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that chemotaxis was higher in the coffee period at all concentrations. This exploratory study suggests that coffee intake modifies various measures of the immune function.
3. Avoid excessive intake of Caffeine
According to the article of How caffeine affects the immune system, posted in Caffeine addiction affect, the author wrote that The stimulating effects of caffeine are very much similar to body’s own response under stress and chronic stress weakens our immune system.
4. Avoid excessive alcohol drinking
Moderate alcohol consumption are beneficial to the immune system compared to alcohol abuse or abstinence, but excessive drinking can cause damage to the liver and can directly suppress a wide range of immune responses. According to the abstract of study of "Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: a review" by Romeo J, Wärnberg J, Nova E, Díaz LE, Gómez-Martinez S, Marcos A., posted in PubMed.
5. Don't hold it when you need to urinate
It is common sense, if you hold your urine, when you needs to, you can damage the auto response of the bladder muscles and increase the risk of bladder infection as urinary is also help to flush up the bacteria presented in your urinary tract.
6. Drinking equated amount of water
Water can help to flush out the bacteria presented any where in your urinary tract and dehydration, frequently, and incompletely empty the bladder increase the risk of urinary infection. According to the study of "Mild dehydration: a risk factor of urinary tract infection?" by Beetz R., posted in PubMed.
7. Shower instead of bath can be helpful
As the water goes down, it washes always the bacteria, instead holding them in the water.
8. Wipe your bottom front to back
It is avoid the bacteria from anus from entering the vaginal.
9. Douching
Douching increases the risk of irritation and can lead to urinary bladder inflammation as a result of imbalance of good and bad bacteria as well as reducing the state of acidity to prevent bacteria and yeast invasion.
10. Avoid sexual transmitting diseases
By limiting numbers of sexual partners and known their medical history. No anal sex.
11. Etc.
Prevention
C.1. The do and do not's list
1. Void high amount of sugar
Process sugar can decrease the immune system by delaying the immune white blood cells's function for up to 5 hours. According to the quote of "Role of sugars in human neutrophilic phagocytosis" and posted in Dangers of Sugar Intake. Suppressing the immune system over prolonged period of time increases the risk of infection, including urinary tract infection.
2. Avoid excessive intake of Coffee
Can coffee promotes the risk of infection?, according to the study of in 15 men and women, showed that the responses to PHA and Con A were about one-third lower during coffee drinking compared to a period of abstinence from coffee (117335, 99856 and 181236, 153315, P less than 0.004, 0.009 respectively)., conducted by Department of Pediatrics, Rokach Hospital, posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that chemotaxis was higher in the coffee period at all concentrations. This exploratory study suggests that coffee intake modifies various measures of the immune function.
3. Avoid excessive intake of Caffeine
According to the article of How caffeine affects the immune system, posted in Caffeine addiction affect, the author wrote that The stimulating effects of caffeine are very much similar to body’s own response under stress and chronic stress weakens our immune system.
4. Avoid excessive alcohol drinking
Moderate alcohol consumption are beneficial to the immune system compared to alcohol abuse or abstinence, but excessive drinking can cause damage to the liver and can directly suppress a wide range of immune responses. According to the abstract of study of "Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: a review" by Romeo J, Wärnberg J, Nova E, Díaz LE, Gómez-Martinez S, Marcos A., posted in PubMed.
5. Don't hold it when you need to urinate
It is common sense, if you hold your urine, when you needs to, you can damage the auto response of the bladder muscles and increase the risk of bladder infection as urinary is also help to flush up the bacteria presented in your urinary tract.
6. Drinking equated amount of water
Water can help to flush out the bacteria presented any where in your urinary tract and dehydration, frequently, and incompletely empty the bladder increase the risk of urinary infection. According to the study of "Mild dehydration: a risk factor of urinary tract infection?" by Beetz R., posted in PubMed.
7. Shower instead of bath can be helpful
As the water goes down, it washes always the bacteria, instead holding them in the water.
8. Wipe your bottom front to back
It is avoid the bacteria from anus from entering the vaginal.
9. Douching
Douching increases the risk of irritation and can lead to urinary bladder inflammation as a result of imbalance of good and bad bacteria as well as reducing the state of acidity to prevent bacteria and yeast invasion.
10. Avoid sexual transmitting diseases
By limiting numbers of sexual partners and known their medical history. No anal sex.
11. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Cystitis - The Risk Factors
Cystitis is defined as a condition of urinary bladder inflammation
Risk factors
1. Immune deficiency
In the study of Different risk factors related to adenovirus- or BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, showed that of profound immune deficiency is more likely to be associated with ADV-HC, whereas immune hyperactivity might play a key role in BKV-HC(13).
2. Prolonged use of bladder catheters
Patients who prolonged use of bladder catheters are at greater risk to develop cystitis as a result of infection.
3. Bladder stone or calcified bladder tumour
There is a report of a 79-year-old woman suffered from microscopic haematuria following a symptomatic cystitis. Abdominal ultrasound investigation suggested a bladder stone. Cystoscopy revealed a calcified bladder tumour(14).
4. Multiple sex partners
People with multiple sex partners are at increased risk of sexual transmitting diseases causes of cystitis
5. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Sources
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303575
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810401
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900329
Risk factors
1. Immune deficiency
In the study of Different risk factors related to adenovirus- or BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, showed that of profound immune deficiency is more likely to be associated with ADV-HC, whereas immune hyperactivity might play a key role in BKV-HC(13).
2. Prolonged use of bladder catheters
Patients who prolonged use of bladder catheters are at greater risk to develop cystitis as a result of infection.
3. Bladder stone or calcified bladder tumour
There is a report of a 79-year-old woman suffered from microscopic haematuria following a symptomatic cystitis. Abdominal ultrasound investigation suggested a bladder stone. Cystoscopy revealed a calcified bladder tumour(14).
4. Multiple sex partners
People with multiple sex partners are at increased risk of sexual transmitting diseases causes of cystitis
5. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303575
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810401
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900329
Cystitis - The Causes
Cystitis is defined as a condition of urinary bladder inflammation
Causes(4)
Cystitis is caused by
1. Bacterial infection
Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus is a Gram-positive pathogen that is typically associated with neonatal disease and infection in pregnant women. Group B streptococcus also causes invasive infections in non-pregnant adults including urinary tract infections(5). Other researchers found that in 85.7% of cases following non-clostridial anaerobic (NCA) bacteria were identified in biopsy samples: Propionibacterium sp. (41.8%), Peptococcus sp. (35.7%), Eubacterium sp. (28.6%), Peptostreptococcus sp. (14.3%), and Bacteroides sp. (14.3%). Aerobic-anaerobic associations were observed in 7.1% of samples(6).
2. Nonbacterial infection
a. Viral cystitis
BK-virus is a very common polyomavirus in the global population, similar to the JC-virus responsible for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. BK-virus infections are an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in immuno-compromised patients, including: bone marrow transplant pediatric recipients in whom it may cause hemorrhagic cystitis(7).
b. Mycobacterial infection
There is a review of a to review clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of renal mycobacteriosis, illustrated by presentation of a case of pyelonephritis and cystitis caused by Mycobacterium chelonei(8).
c. Chlamydial infection
In the study of Male guinea pigs infected with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) by intraurethral injection of chlamydiae or by placement of a drop of chlamydial suspension on the meatus of the extruded penis, researchers found that when infected animals were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, the number of guinea pigs with cystitis was increased, and chlamydiae could be detected in the bladder for as long as 50 days after infection(9).
d. Fungal infection
There is a report of 4 cases of fungal cystitis. All patients had severe urgency, frequency and nocturia with sterile pyuria and microhematuria. Significant fungal growth was observed on routine blood agar cultur. Bladder biopsy was necessary to rule out tumor(10).
e. Schistosomal infection
In the study to evaluate the immunoreactivity for p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins in 31 schistosomal urinary bladder carcinomas and 21 cases of schistosomal cystitis with hyperplastic, metaplastic and/or dysplastic (premalignant) lesions and compare with 30 carcinomas and 21 premalignant lesions of the urinary bladder without schistosomiasis showed that abnormal nuclear p53 protein accumulation was found in 17/31 schistosomal and in 15/30 non-schistosomal carcinomas and in 8/21 schistosomal cystitis with premalignant lesions of which five showed hyperplasia(11).
f. Etc.
3. Noninfection and Bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC)
In the study to describe the practice patterns among primary care physicians' (PCPs) managing patients with symptoms suggestive of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), indicated that of 290 completed questionnaires (response rate, 52%), regarding etiology, 90% correctly indicated that IC/PBS was a noninfectious disease((radiation cystitis, autoimmune, hypersensitivity), 76% correctly reported that it was not caused by a sexually transmitted infection, and 61% correctly indicated that it was not caused by a psychiatric illness(12).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20679058
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979747
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900386
(4) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/440225-overview
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22883571
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21446162
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621826
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17972827
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292213
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7411704
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7911381
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303575
Causes(4)
Cystitis is caused by
1. Bacterial infection
Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus is a Gram-positive pathogen that is typically associated with neonatal disease and infection in pregnant women. Group B streptococcus also causes invasive infections in non-pregnant adults including urinary tract infections(5). Other researchers found that in 85.7% of cases following non-clostridial anaerobic (NCA) bacteria were identified in biopsy samples: Propionibacterium sp. (41.8%), Peptococcus sp. (35.7%), Eubacterium sp. (28.6%), Peptostreptococcus sp. (14.3%), and Bacteroides sp. (14.3%). Aerobic-anaerobic associations were observed in 7.1% of samples(6).
2. Nonbacterial infection
a. Viral cystitis
BK-virus is a very common polyomavirus in the global population, similar to the JC-virus responsible for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. BK-virus infections are an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in immuno-compromised patients, including: bone marrow transplant pediatric recipients in whom it may cause hemorrhagic cystitis(7).
b. Mycobacterial infection
There is a review of a to review clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of renal mycobacteriosis, illustrated by presentation of a case of pyelonephritis and cystitis caused by Mycobacterium chelonei(8).
c. Chlamydial infection
In the study of Male guinea pigs infected with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) by intraurethral injection of chlamydiae or by placement of a drop of chlamydial suspension on the meatus of the extruded penis, researchers found that when infected animals were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, the number of guinea pigs with cystitis was increased, and chlamydiae could be detected in the bladder for as long as 50 days after infection(9).
d. Fungal infection
There is a report of 4 cases of fungal cystitis. All patients had severe urgency, frequency and nocturia with sterile pyuria and microhematuria. Significant fungal growth was observed on routine blood agar cultur. Bladder biopsy was necessary to rule out tumor(10).
e. Schistosomal infection
In the study to evaluate the immunoreactivity for p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins in 31 schistosomal urinary bladder carcinomas and 21 cases of schistosomal cystitis with hyperplastic, metaplastic and/or dysplastic (premalignant) lesions and compare with 30 carcinomas and 21 premalignant lesions of the urinary bladder without schistosomiasis showed that abnormal nuclear p53 protein accumulation was found in 17/31 schistosomal and in 15/30 non-schistosomal carcinomas and in 8/21 schistosomal cystitis with premalignant lesions of which five showed hyperplasia(11).
f. Etc.
3. Noninfection and Bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC)
In the study to describe the practice patterns among primary care physicians' (PCPs) managing patients with symptoms suggestive of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), indicated that of 290 completed questionnaires (response rate, 52%), regarding etiology, 90% correctly indicated that IC/PBS was a noninfectious disease((radiation cystitis, autoimmune, hypersensitivity), 76% correctly reported that it was not caused by a sexually transmitted infection, and 61% correctly indicated that it was not caused by a psychiatric illness(12).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20679058
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979747
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900386
(4) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/440225-overview
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22883571
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21446162
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621826
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17972827
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292213
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7411704
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7911381
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303575
Cystitis - The Symptoms
Cystitis is defined as a condition of urinary bladder inflammation
A. Symptoms
1. Pressure in the lower pelvis, daytime frequency and nocturia
Interstitial cystitis is is characterized by over 6 months of chronic pain, pressure and discomfort felt in the lower pelvis or bladder. It is often relieved with voiding, along with daytime frequency and nocturia in the absence of an urinary tract infection(1).
2. Painful urination (dysuria)
A slight majority of women with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) reported dysuria at onset of their IC/PBS symptoms. The available laboratory data have suggested that dysuria may be a sensitive indicator of urinary tract infection at the onset of IC/PBS(2).
3. Frequent urination (polyuria) or urgent need to urinate (urinary urgency)
It can be caused by overactive bladder as a result of irritation due to inflammatory cystitis
4. Haematuria
There is a report of a case of uncomplicated urinary tract infection due to Corynebacterium striatum in an ambulatory patient without any other predisponent risk factors(3).
5. Bladder/pelvic pain
6. Dark, cloudy or strong-smelling urine
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20679058
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979747
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900386
A. Symptoms
1. Pressure in the lower pelvis, daytime frequency and nocturia
Interstitial cystitis is is characterized by over 6 months of chronic pain, pressure and discomfort felt in the lower pelvis or bladder. It is often relieved with voiding, along with daytime frequency and nocturia in the absence of an urinary tract infection(1).
2. Painful urination (dysuria)
A slight majority of women with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) reported dysuria at onset of their IC/PBS symptoms. The available laboratory data have suggested that dysuria may be a sensitive indicator of urinary tract infection at the onset of IC/PBS(2).
3. Frequent urination (polyuria) or urgent need to urinate (urinary urgency)
It can be caused by overactive bladder as a result of irritation due to inflammatory cystitis
4. Haematuria
There is a report of a case of uncomplicated urinary tract infection due to Corynebacterium striatum in an ambulatory patient without any other predisponent risk factors(3).
5. Bladder/pelvic pain
6. Dark, cloudy or strong-smelling urine
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20679058
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979747
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900386
Hemorrhaging: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Preventions and Treatments
Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a
result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood
vessels or through the skin.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as hemorrhaging derived from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz. It is life threatening and considered as medical emergency, which is followed by high mortality rate, ranging from 6 to 15% in spite of modern diagnostic methods and treatment.
Prevention
1. Reduce stress
Stress-damage of upper gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) mucous membrane and gastro-intestinal hemorrhage (GIH)(17).
2. Cardiac surgery
GI bleeding events occurred approximately 10 days after cardiac surgery in patients with a complicated postoperative course. Improving the heart function is the best way to reduced risk of Upper gastrointestinal bleeding(18).
3. Drugs, alcohol and smoking
Chronic moderate alcohol consumption by itself does not seem to increase the liability to peptic ulceration. With highly concentrated alcoholic beverages, gastric bleeding from acute lesions may, however, be occasionally precipitated under certain circumstances, such as when unbuffered ASA is taken concomitantly. Smoking of cigarettes is associated, and perhaps causally related, with an increased incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcerations, impaired ulcer healing, and more frequent ulcer recurrences(19).
4. Avoid prolonged period intake of aspirin and medication which can induce Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), such as Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, Aleve)Ketoprofen (Orudis).
5. No extreme exercise
Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common among athletes with rates in the range of 30% to 70%. Both the intensity of sport and the type of sporting activity have been shown to be contributing factors in the development of GI symptoms. Three important factors have been postulated as contributing to the pathophysiology of GI complaints in athletes: mechanical forces, altered GI blood flow, and neuroendocrine changes. As a result of those factors, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nausea, vomiting, gastritis, peptic ulcers, GI bleeding, or exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP) may develop(20).
6. Etc.
J.5. Treatments
Some researchers suggested that despite successful endoscopic therapy, rebleeding can occur in 10 to 20 percent of patients; a second attempt at endoscopic therapy is recommended in these patients. Arteriography with embolization or surgery may be needed if there is persistent and severe bleeding(16). Others indicated that Pre-endoscopic management (including use of scoring scales, nasogastric tube placement and blood pressure stabilization) is crucial for triage and optimal resuscitation of patients, and should include a multidisciplinary approach at an early stage. Unless the patient has specific comorbidities, transfusion should only be considered if their hemoglobin level is ≤70 g/l. Endoscopic therapy, the cornerstone of therapeutic management of high-risk lesions, should not be delayed for more than 24 h following admission. Several endoscopic techniques, mostly using clips or thermal methods, are available and new approaches are emerging. When endoscopy fails, surgery or arterial embolization should be considered. Although the efficacy of prokinetics and high-dose intravenous PPI prior to endoscopy is controversial, the use of an intravenous PPI following endoscopy is strongly recommended. Antiplatelet therapy should be suspended and resumed in 3-5 days. Finally, all patients should be tested for Helicobacter pylori by serology in the acute setting(21).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22834289
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22720275
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6378444
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22410703
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230903
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22924257
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as hemorrhaging derived from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz. It is life threatening and considered as medical emergency, which is followed by high mortality rate, ranging from 6 to 15% in spite of modern diagnostic methods and treatment.
Prevention
1. Reduce stress
Stress-damage of upper gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) mucous membrane and gastro-intestinal hemorrhage (GIH)(17).
2. Cardiac surgery
GI bleeding events occurred approximately 10 days after cardiac surgery in patients with a complicated postoperative course. Improving the heart function is the best way to reduced risk of Upper gastrointestinal bleeding(18).
3. Drugs, alcohol and smoking
Chronic moderate alcohol consumption by itself does not seem to increase the liability to peptic ulceration. With highly concentrated alcoholic beverages, gastric bleeding from acute lesions may, however, be occasionally precipitated under certain circumstances, such as when unbuffered ASA is taken concomitantly. Smoking of cigarettes is associated, and perhaps causally related, with an increased incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcerations, impaired ulcer healing, and more frequent ulcer recurrences(19).
4. Avoid prolonged period intake of aspirin and medication which can induce Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), such as Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, Aleve)Ketoprofen (Orudis).
5. No extreme exercise
Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common among athletes with rates in the range of 30% to 70%. Both the intensity of sport and the type of sporting activity have been shown to be contributing factors in the development of GI symptoms. Three important factors have been postulated as contributing to the pathophysiology of GI complaints in athletes: mechanical forces, altered GI blood flow, and neuroendocrine changes. As a result of those factors, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nausea, vomiting, gastritis, peptic ulcers, GI bleeding, or exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP) may develop(20).
6. Etc.
J.5. Treatments
Some researchers suggested that despite successful endoscopic therapy, rebleeding can occur in 10 to 20 percent of patients; a second attempt at endoscopic therapy is recommended in these patients. Arteriography with embolization or surgery may be needed if there is persistent and severe bleeding(16). Others indicated that Pre-endoscopic management (including use of scoring scales, nasogastric tube placement and blood pressure stabilization) is crucial for triage and optimal resuscitation of patients, and should include a multidisciplinary approach at an early stage. Unless the patient has specific comorbidities, transfusion should only be considered if their hemoglobin level is ≤70 g/l. Endoscopic therapy, the cornerstone of therapeutic management of high-risk lesions, should not be delayed for more than 24 h following admission. Several endoscopic techniques, mostly using clips or thermal methods, are available and new approaches are emerging. When endoscopy fails, surgery or arterial embolization should be considered. Although the efficacy of prokinetics and high-dose intravenous PPI prior to endoscopy is controversial, the use of an intravenous PPI following endoscopy is strongly recommended. Antiplatelet therapy should be suspended and resumed in 3-5 days. Finally, all patients should be tested for Helicobacter pylori by serology in the acute setting(21).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22834289
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22720275
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6378444
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22410703
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230903
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22924257
Hemorrhaging: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - The Symptoms and Diagnosis
Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a
result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood
vessels or through the skin.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as hemorrhaging derived from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz. It is life threatening and considered as medical emergency, which is followed by high mortality rate, ranging from 6 to 15% in spite of modern diagnostic methods and treatment.
Symptoms
Acccordfing to the study of a total of 124 patients were eligible for inclusion, 71 (57%) of whom were male. A total of 63 (51%) presented with blood in stool and 53 (43%) with bloody emesis; 8 (6%) had blood in both emesis and stool. A total of 31 (25%) patients had a lower GI bleed, 88 (70%) had an upper, and 5 (4%) had both upper and lower bleeding sources. The mean BUN level was 24 mg/dL, the mean Cr level 1.03 mg/dL, and the mean BUN/Cr ratio was 24. The mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 11.3 g/dL, the mean Hct was 32 g/dL, and 51% required transfusion. Upper GI bleeding was significantly correlated with age younger than 50 (P = .01) and male gender (P = .01; odds ratio, 3.13)(15).
1. Blood vomiting looks like coffee grounds(15).
2. Blood in stool
3. Light head, Fatigue, Generalized weakness and fainting as a result of massive blood loss
4. Abdominal pain
5. Constipation
6. Diarrhea
7. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
8. Etc.
J.3. Diagnosis
According to the study by Georgia Health Sciences University, Rapid assessment and resuscitation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding should precede the diagnostic evaluation in unstable patients with severe bleeding. Risk stratification is based on clinical assessment and endoscopic findings. Early upper endoscopy (within 24 hours of presentation) is recommended in most patients because it confirms the diagnosis and allows for targeted endoscopic treatment, including epinephrine injection, thermocoagulation, application of clips, and banding. Endoscopic therapy results in reduced morbidity, hospital stays, risk of recurrent bleeding, and need for surgery. Although administration of proton pump inhibitors does not decrease mortality, risk of rebleeding, or need for surgery, it reduces stigmata of recent hemorrhage and the need for endoscopic therapy(16).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22534226
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22834289
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as hemorrhaging derived from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz. It is life threatening and considered as medical emergency, which is followed by high mortality rate, ranging from 6 to 15% in spite of modern diagnostic methods and treatment.
Symptoms
Acccordfing to the study of a total of 124 patients were eligible for inclusion, 71 (57%) of whom were male. A total of 63 (51%) presented with blood in stool and 53 (43%) with bloody emesis; 8 (6%) had blood in both emesis and stool. A total of 31 (25%) patients had a lower GI bleed, 88 (70%) had an upper, and 5 (4%) had both upper and lower bleeding sources. The mean BUN level was 24 mg/dL, the mean Cr level 1.03 mg/dL, and the mean BUN/Cr ratio was 24. The mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 11.3 g/dL, the mean Hct was 32 g/dL, and 51% required transfusion. Upper GI bleeding was significantly correlated with age younger than 50 (P = .01) and male gender (P = .01; odds ratio, 3.13)(15).
1. Blood vomiting looks like coffee grounds(15).
2. Blood in stool
3. Light head, Fatigue, Generalized weakness and fainting as a result of massive blood loss
4. Abdominal pain
5. Constipation
6. Diarrhea
7. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
8. Etc.
J.3. Diagnosis
According to the study by Georgia Health Sciences University, Rapid assessment and resuscitation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding should precede the diagnostic evaluation in unstable patients with severe bleeding. Risk stratification is based on clinical assessment and endoscopic findings. Early upper endoscopy (within 24 hours of presentation) is recommended in most patients because it confirms the diagnosis and allows for targeted endoscopic treatment, including epinephrine injection, thermocoagulation, application of clips, and banding. Endoscopic therapy results in reduced morbidity, hospital stays, risk of recurrent bleeding, and need for surgery. Although administration of proton pump inhibitors does not decrease mortality, risk of rebleeding, or need for surgery, it reduces stigmata of recent hemorrhage and the need for endoscopic therapy(16).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22534226
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22834289
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