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Wednesday, 6 November 2013

Chinese #Herbs – Lao Guan Cao (Herba Gerani)


Lao Guan Cao or Lao He Cao is also known as ord Granesbill Herbs. The acrid, bitter and
neutral herb has been used in TCM to treat rheumatoid arthritis, muscle spasm and numbness, impact injuries, colitis, diarrhea, etc., as it promotes circulation in the collaterals and circulation in the channels, etc., by enhancing the functions of liver, kidney and spleen channels
 Ingredients
1. 3 hydrolyzable
2. Tannins
3. Geraniin
4. Corilagin
5. Gallic acid
6. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Anti-hepatitis B virus
In the examination of the effect of the polyphenolic extract from Geranium carolinianum L. (PPGC) on HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo, found that in human, HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG(2) 2.2.15, PPGC effectively suppressed the secretion of the HBV antigens in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 46.85 microg/ml for HBsAg and 65.60 microg/ml for HBeAg at day 9. Consistent with the HBV antigen reduction, PPGC (100 microg/ml) also reduced HBV DNA level by 35.9%. In the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks, after PPGC was dosed intragastricly (i.g.) once a day for 10 days, the plasma DHBV DNA level was reduced, with an ED(50) value of 47.54 mg/kg(1)
2. Etc.
 
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consult with your doctor or related field specialist
2. Etc. 
 
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Chinese Herbs – Lei Gong Teng (Radix Tripterygium wilfordii)


Lei Gong Teng is also known as Thunder god vine. The bitter and very toxic herb has been used in TCM as an anti-inflammatiory and immunosuppressive agent and to resolve toxins, treat proteinuric renal disease, etc., as it expels Wind-Damp, resolves edema, calms pain, etc., by enhancing the functions of Liver and kidney channels.
Ingredients
1. Saponins
2. Triptolide
3. Tripdiolide
4. triptonoterpene
5. tritotriterpenic acid C
6. 3-epikatonic acid
7. Polpunonic acid
8. Triptodihydroxy acid methyl ester
9. 1,8-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl anthraquinone
10 Tannin
11. Etc.
Health Benefits
1. Immunosuppressive effects
In the investigation of the numerous Chinese patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have benefited from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF), showed that although the results of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution and warrant further investigation, TwHF was certainly a valuable and promising immunosuppressive remedy for IgAN, which was in accordance with the accruing evidence from numerous large clinical and experimental studies.(1)
2. Anti rheumatoid arthritis
In the compsrison of the anti rheumatoid arthritis from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F versus sulfasalazine, reserachers found that similar significant differences between the treatment groups. Significant improvement was demonstrated in all individual components of the ACR response, including the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability score. Interleukin-6 levels rapidly and significantly decreased in the TwHF group. Although not statistically significant, radiographic progression was lower in the TwHF group. The frequency of adverse events was similar in both groups. Limitations: Only 62% and 41% of patients continued receiving TwHF extract and sulfasalazine, respectively, during the 24 weeks of the study(2)
3. Anti inflammatory effects
In the study of trying to produce a transdermal microemulsion drug delivery system (TMDDS) for Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook f. (TWHF) and attempting to solve male reproductive toxicity problem of TWHF, showed that TMDDS for TWHF had stronger transdermal ability than free TWHF, and TWHF microemulsion significantly inhibited the adjuvant-induced arthritis and at the same time, had preferable anti-inflammatory effect with the long-time administration. Various pharmacodynamics parameters proved that TWHF microemulsion can reduce the male reproductive toxicity and hepatotoxicity of rats(3)
4. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects
In the investigation of Triptolide (PG-490), a diterpenoid component from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., for its anti-Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, indicated that Thriptolide reversed the TBI-induced decrease in brain levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Importantly, triptolide improved neurobehavioral outcomes regarding motor, sensory, reflex and balance function and concluded that triptolide confers neuroprotection against TBI, at least in part, via its anti-inflammatory activity.(4)
5. Psoriasis and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
In the examination of the herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF) is frequently used to treat autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases due to its favorable cost-benefit ratio, in China, showed that Triptolide has turned out to be the active substance of TwHF-extracts and has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. There is increasing evidence for an immunomodulatory and partly immunosuppressive mechanism of action of triptolide. Thus, compounds such as triptolide or triptolide-derivatives may have the potential to be developed as a new class of drugs for these diseases. In this review we summarize the published knowledge regarding clinical use, pharmacokinetics and the possible mode of action of triptolide in the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a particular focus on psoriasis(5)
6. Anti gastric cancer
In the attempt to clarify how triptolide, an active component extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in gastric cancer SC-M1 cells, found that Apoptosis induced by the combined treatments was accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c. Triptolide increased the cisplatin-induced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the downstream cleavage of PARP in SC-M1 cells. Results of these in vitro experiments indicated that triptolide enhanced cytotoxicity in cisplatin-treated SC-M1 cells and that this effect is mediated by apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway(6)
7. Etc.
Side Effects
1. Overdoses can cause toxicity
2. Prolonged period of use of the herb can decrease bone desity, hair loss and weaked immune system
3. Not not use the herb in newborn, children, or if you are pregnant or breast feeding or if you have geriatric and pediatric diseases or heart, stomach and spleen disorders with consulting with your doctor or related field specialist
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Tuesday, 5 November 2013

Chinese Herbs – Li Lu (Rhizoma et Radix Veratri)

Li Lu is also known as Veratrum root and rhizoma. The acrid, cold and toxic herb has been used in TCM used internally to lower blood pressure, heart and respiration rate, etc. and externally to kills parasites and reduce itching, etc., as it induces vomiting to eliminate Phlegm and Wind, eliminates parasites, etc., by enhancing the functions of liver, lung and stomach channels.
 
Ingredients
1. Didesacetyl protoveratrine
2. Verazine
3. Neogermbudine
4. Veratroylzygadenine
5.Rubijervine
6. Isorubijervine
7. Veramine
8. Veratrum-alkamine
9. Veramiline
10. 3, 15-diangeloylgermine
11. β-sitosterol
12. β-sitosterylstearate
13.Cerotic acid
14. Stearic acid
15. Zygacine
16. Jervine
17. Veratramine
18. Solanidine
19. Hakurirodine
20. Etc.
 
Health Benefits
1. Anti-herpetic activity
In a convenient virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay woth atempt to find antiviral compounds againstHerpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) and II (HSV-2) from natural products, showed that several medicinal plants showed potent anti-herpetic activity. Selective indexes (SI) of the EtOAc extract of Caraganae Radix (Caragana sinica) against HSV-1 and HSV-2 were more than 8.06 and 24.79, SI of the MeOH extract ofAcer okamotoanum leaves were 3.92 and 3.51, SI of the CH(2)Cl(2) extract of Veratri Rhizoma et Radix (Veratrum patulum) were 5.49 and 1.31 and SI of the MeOH extract of aerial part of Osmundae Rhizoma (Osmunda japonica) were more than 3.45 and 1.25, respectively(1)
2. Anti cancers
In the investigation of the potential cancer-preventive effects of Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, was first isolated in 1940 as a constituent of the roots of white Hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum O. Loes), found that biological activities including antioxidant effects, modulation of carcinogen metabolism, anti-inflammatory potential, antioxidant properties, antiproliferative mechanisms by induction of apoptosis, and cell differentiation are discussed. Some novel information on its modulating effects on cell signaling pathway, metabolism studies, bioavailability, and cancer-preventive efficacy is also provided. Based on these findings, resveratrol may be used as a promising candidate for cancer chemoprevention(2)
3. Inhibition of Platelet aggregation
In the investigation of the Veratrum patulum L. (Liliaceae) used as one source of the Chinese traditional drug “Lilu” which has been used in the treatment of aphasia arising from apoplexy, wind type dysentery, headache, etc. for thousands of years, found that total steroidal alkaloids (VpA) from the herb significantly inhibit the formation of arterial and venous thrombosis and showed different inhibitory effect on the platelet aggregation induced by various agonists with the following potency order: collagen>ADP>thrombin. VpA showed no influence on the coagulation parameters in rat. But VpA decreased the cutting-tail bleeding time in rat(3)
4. Etc.
 
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb if you are experience body weakness
2. Over dose can cause toxicity in central nervous system
3. Do not use the in newborn, children, or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without consulting with your doctor or related field specialist.
4. Etc.

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Chinese Herbs – Li Zhi He (Semen Litchi)



Li Zhi He is also known as litchi seed. The sweet, astringent, slightly bitter and warm herb has been sued in TCM as Antioxidant, anti viral and anti mutagenic agent and to lower blood sugar, blood cholesterol, etc., as it regulates the Qi, stops pain, disperses cold and stagnation, etc., by enhancing the functions of liver and stomach channels.
 
Ingredients
1. Saponins
2. Tannins
3. 3-acetoin
4. 2, 3-butanediol
4. Copaene
5. Cis-caryophyllene
6. Allo-aromadendrene
7. Humulene
8. δ-cadinene
9. Calamenene
10. Etc.
 
Health Benefits
1. Antioxidant activity
In the study of four different polysaccharide-enriched fractions were isolated from litchi pulp tissue and partially purified by a stepwise method of ethyl alcohol (EtOH) precipitation, showed that These four polysaccharide-enriched fractions exhibited a dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity as shown by their DPPH radical, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical inhibition, chelating ability and reducing power. Among the different fractions, LFP-III showed the strongest scavenging activity against DPPH radical, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and chelating ability(1)
2. Immunomodulatory and anticancer activities
In the examination of the litchi pericarp extract was subjected to partition by hexane, ethyl acetate and water, for the isolation and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographyof Epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2 and proanthocyanidin B4, found that all these samples had much higher stimulatory effects on splenocyte proliferation than that of the reference, rutin. Epicatechin and the ethyl acetate fraction showed a significantly (P<0.05) stimulatory effect when the concentration was up to 12.5 micro g/ml. Proanthocyanidin B2 and proanthocyanidin B4 exhibited little lower stimulatory effects than epicatechin and the ethyl acetate fraction. The anti-breast cancer activities of epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2, proanthocyanidin B4 and the ethyl acetate fraction were also evaluated. Epicatechin and proanthocyanidin B2 had lower cytotoxicities to human breast cancer cell MCF-7 and human embryolic lung fibroblast than paclitaxel(2)
3. Antiplatelet, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects
In the investigation of investigated the effects of a 70% ethanol extract from Litchi chinensis (LCE) on platelet aggregation, coagulation and fibrinolysis, found that LCE dose-dependently inhibited collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rat platelet-rich plasma. LCE at 4 mg/ml had a maximal inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. In particular, the LCE 4 mg/ml-treated group showed almost complete inhibition in the collagen-induced platelet aggregation assay. It also significantly prolonged coagulation times, such as the activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time, in rat platelet-poor plasma. LCE also increased fibrinolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner(3)
4. Hepatoprotective effects
In the investigation of Gimjeng and Chakapat lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) for theirs hepatoprotective activity on CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, indicated that Antioxidant properties of the Gimjeng and Chakapat lychees as evidenced by the vitamin C and phenolic compounds, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-apoptosis could explain the hepatoprotective effects in CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity(4)
5. Anti proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells
In the observation of the effect of Semen Litchi containing serum on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells found that Semen Litchi can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, the acting mechanism may be concerned with cell apoptosis.(5)
6. Anti diabetes
In the investigation of the pharmacological mechanism of Semen Litchi water extract (SL) on enhancing insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic rats (T2DR) with insulin resistance (IR), showed that In T2DR-IR, SL lower concentrations of FSG, TC, TG, FFA, leptin, TNF-alpha and Fins (P < 0.05-0.01), increase ISI (P < 0.01), reform the hyperinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity, decrease the levels of BUN, Cr and the activities of ALT, AST, increase concentration of TP, A (P < 0.05-0.01), recover the hepatic and nephric functions, increase the activity of SOD and decrease content of MDA (P < 0.01)(6)
 
Side Effects
1, Do not use the herb in case of no symptoms of wind cold or in case of Qi deficiency
2. Do not use the in newborn, children, aur if you are pregnant or breast feeding
without consulting with your doctor or related field specialist.
3. Etc.


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Chinese Herbs – Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)


Lian Qiao is also known as forsythia fruit. The bitter, cool, and slightly acrid herb has been used in TCM as antibiotic, anti inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiemetic agent and
protect liver, stop vomiting, enhance blood circulation, promote urination, etc. as it clears heat and toxin, nodules, expels externally contracted wind, etc., by enhancing the functions of heart, liver and gall bladder channels.
 
Ingredients
1. Frsythin
2. Mtairesinoside
3. Btulinic acid
4. Pyillygenin
5. Piresinol
6. Etc.
 
Health Benefits
1. Antimicrobial activity
In the investigation of twenty traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) for their antimicrobial activity against four common oral bacteria, including Fructus forsythiae suspensae showed that thirteen TCMs demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, including Cortex magnoliae officinalis, Cortex phellodendri, Flos caryophylli, Flos lonicerae japonicae, Fructus armeniaca mume, Fructus forsythiae suspensae, Herba cum radice violae yedoensitis, Herba menthae haplocalycis, Pericarpium granati, Radix et rhizoma rhei, Radix gentianae, Ramulus cinnamomi cassia and Rhizoma cimicifugae. Cortex phellodendri showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, while Radix et rhizoma rhei was effective against Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis. Fructus armeniaca mume had inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro(1)
2. Blood lipid lowering effects
In the investigation of a primary methanol extract (F-ME), secondary butanol-soluble fraction (F-BU), and lignans prepared from forsythia fruit (Forsythia viridissima L.) and added to 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol diets for male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 121 +/- 12 g, showed that Arctiin isolated from the forsythia fruit reduced cholesterol and triglyceride contents in cultured HepG2 cells at 0.01-0.1 microM. These results indicated that the forsythia lignan, arctiin is effective on improving blood lipid status without a significant hepatotoxicity and is to be utilized for the functional foods for lipid-lowering action(2)
3. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity
In the examination of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. used in traditional medicines in Asia to treat gonorrhoea, erysipelas, inflammation, pyrexia, ulcer and other diseases, showed that Forsythiaside was found to possess strong antioxidant and antibacterial activity but forsythin was much weaker. Owing to these properties, the study can be further extended to exploit the possible application of forsythiaside as an alternative antioxidant and antibacterial agent of natural origin(3)
4. Antipyretic effects
In the evaluating antipyretic efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines based on UV spectra fingerprints, the aqueous extracts, volatile oils and mixtures of the extracts and oils of the four herbs, plus Ibuprofen suspension (IS), Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL), mixture of SHL and the volatile oils of FL and FF, were used for subject samples to do antipyretic experiments on rats, found that efficacy sequence of the 15 calibrating and 4 validating CHM samples, defined by the first canonical correlative variable U(1) of their UV spectra, was consistent with that given by pharmacological experiments(4)
5. Anti inflammatory effect
In the elucidation of the anti inflammatory effect of 70% methanol extract obtained from the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa Vahl and its active principles. F. suspensa, with 70% methanol and freeze-dried to give a powdered extract, found that the methanol extract and the n-hexane fraction (p.o.) showed the antiinflammatory effect and analgesic effect, but the water fraction did not. These results suggested that the antiinflammatory and analgesic activity induced by the methanol extract shifted to the n-hexane fraction and the active principles may be lipophilic compounds(5)
 
 
Side Effects
1. Use the herb with caution in case of Faint-Empty pulse and spleen deficiency with with diarrhea and sore
2. Not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant ot breast feeding without consulting with your doctor or related field specialist.
3. Etc. 
 
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Chinese Herbs -Lian Xin or Lian Zi Xin (Plumula Nelumbinis Nuciferae)

Lian Xin or Lian Zi Xin is also known as Lotus plumule. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to treat high fever, sweating, dry mouth and thirst, insomnia, spermatorrhea and hypertension, etc. as it clears heat and the Heart, stops bleeding, preserves the Essence, etc., by enhancing the functions of heart, lung and kidney channels.
 
Ingredients
1. Liensinine
2. Isoliensinine
3. Neferine
4. Nuciferine
5. Pronuciferine
6. Lotoflavin
7. Methyl-corypalline
8. Higenamine
9. Flavonoid
10 Hyperin
11. Butin
12. Etc.
 
Health Benefits
1. Acute systemic inflammation
In the determination of whether lotus plumule supplementation alleviates acute systemic inflammation in vivo, of the BALB/c mice for 3 weeks, suggest that low dose and 3-week supplementation of lotus plumule might alleviate acute systemic inflammation in vivo via decreasing the visceral organ inflammation and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 from splenocytes. These results are valuable for developing future nutraceuticals and anti-inflammatory agents from traditional medicinal foods(1)
2. Chronic inflammatory conditions
In the examination of the effects of foods traditionally regarded as ‘heating’ such as litchi, longan, or dried longan, etc. or ‘cooling’ such as hemum flower, bitter gourd, and lotus seed plumule, etc. on the production of PGE(2), a well-known proinflammatory mediator, found that water-soluble extracts of foods traditionally regarded as ‘heating’ enhanced basal PGE(2) production, while those from ‘cooling’ foods significantly inhibited LPS-induced PGE(2) production by the macrophage cell line. This subject merits further study to determine whether appropriate food selection may help patients suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions(2)
 
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of spleen deficiency
2. 2. Do not use the Lian Xin in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or
breast feeding with out approval first with the related field specialist
3. Etc.
 
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Chinese #Herbs – Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae)


Lian Zi is also known as Lotus seed. The sweet, and neutral herb has been used in TCM to treat ermatorrhea, excessive bleeding not during menses; vaginal discharge, stops chronic diarrhea, as it tonifies and binds spleen, nourishes the kidney anfd heart, etc., by enhancing the functions of heart, kidney and spleen channels.
 
Ingredients
1. Nuciferine
2. N-nornuciferine
3. Pronuciferine
4. Liensinine
5. Isoliensinine
6. Oxoushinsunine
7. Nornuciferine
8. N-methylasimilobine
9. Nonaine
10. Roemerine
11. Armepavine
12. N-norarmepavine
13. Asimilobine
14. Lirinidine
15. Higenamine
16. Quercetin
17. Lutein
18. Hyperin
19. Etc.
 
Health Benefits
1. Anti cancers
In the searching natural products that have antitumor activity for the chemoprevention and therapy of cancer, showed that neferine, neferine, a major alkaloid component in lotus embryos, treatment led to an increased phosphorylation of p21 at Ser130 that was dependent on p38. Our results for the first time showed a direct antitumor effect of neferine, suggesting that consumption of neferine may have cancer-preventive and cancer-therapeutic benefit(1)
2. Antuioxidant activities
In the determination of the antioxidant activities of Nelumbo nucifera seeds (HANN) showed that HANN exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by the low IC(50) values in both DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) (6.12 +/- 0.41 microg/ml) and nitric oxide (84.86 +/- 3.56 microg/ml) methods. (2)
3. Etc.
 
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in cases of constipation.
2. Do not use the Huang Bai in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast
feeding with out approval first with the related field specialist3.
Etc.


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