Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Sunday, 3 November 2013

Popular #Herbs - Myrrh (Commiphora molmol)

Myrrh in this case, is resin made from dried tree sap of Commiphora molmol, which is the genus Commiphora, belonging to the family Burseraceae, native to Somalia, Arabian Peninsula and Ethiopia. The herb has been used in traditional medicine to relieve pain and treat bruises, rheumatoid arthritis, tumors in the uterus, hemorrhoid, cataract, amenorrhea , bone and muscle ache, angina pectoris, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities
In the investigation of Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) effects on anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities found that Treatment with myrrh also induced an initial increase in WBC levels that persisted through the post-injury healing period. Levels of most cell types only increased in the Group 2 and 4 rats once the injury was induced, but then declined over the healing period. Since myrrh enhanced WBC levels before injury, we conclude that myrrh likely contains substances that could induce an apparent antigen-driven response. As the myrrh also helped maintain elevated WBC levels throughout the healing period, this implied it was also able to induce maturation/differentiation/activation of both myeloid and lymphoid cell types during the effector phase of the immune responses involved in wound healing, according to "Effect of myrrh (Commiphora molmol) on leukocyte levels before and during healing from gastric ulcer or skin injury" by Haffor AS.(1)

2. Anti-coccidial effect
In the investigation of the effect of oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora monlmol Engler (Family: Burceraceae) known as Myrrh and the commercial extract known as Mirazid as a treatment against hepatic coccidiosis, found that histopathological examination of liver showed remarkable improvement in all histopathological parameters in G5 and G8 compared with the infected untreated G2. These included an almost complete healing of the hemorrhagic tissue and partial healing of the endothelial lining and hepatocytes encircling the central vein, the hepatocytes laminate regained their original radial shape and disappearance of fat vacuoles from the tissue and remarkable reduction in lymphocytes infiltration, decreased hyperplasia of the epithelial cells with significant decreasing of the parasite stage numbers, according to "Anti-coccidial effect of Commiphora molmol in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus L.)" by Baghdadi HB, Al-Mathal EM.(2)

3. Liver cancer
In the assessment of the potential chemopreventive effects of myrrh (Commiphora molmol) vs. turmeric (Curcuma longa) in hepatocarcinogenic rats found that Both turmeric and myrrh induced significant biochemical and histological changes in non-treated rats. In conclusion, DENA significantly changes the biological enzymatic activities in serum and the integrity of hepatic tissues. Phytochemicals with potential hepatoprotective effects must be applied cautiously owing to their potential hepatotoxicity, according to "Potential chemoprevention of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats: Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) vs. turmeric (Curcuma longa)" by El-Shahat M, El-Abd S, Alkafafy M, El-Khatib G.(3)

4. Antioxidants and immune effects
In the assessment of the possible role of Commiphora molmol emulsion (CME) in protecting against lead (PbAc)-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in rabbits found that pretreatment with CME attenuated these adverse effects in a dose-dependent protection. CME, therefore, is a potent antioxidant, and can protect against PbAc-induced hepatic oxidative damage and immunotoxicity by reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant and immune defense mechanisms, according to "Oxidative stress and immunotoxic effects of lead and their amelioration with myrrh (Commiphora molmol) emulsion" by Ashry KM, El-Sayed YS, Khamiss RM, El-Ashmawy IM.(4)

5. Vaginal trichomoniasis
In the determination of treatment of patients with metronidazole refractory vaginal trichomoniasis of patient who are still resistant to the combined treatment were given Commiphora molmol (Myrrh) as two capsules for six to eight successive days on an empty stomach two hours before breakfast, found that natural plant extract purified from (Roman) was in-vitro investigated for its efficacy against T. vaginalis on fresh Diamond media. The anti-trichomoniasis vaginalis activity of both P. granatum (in-vitro) and C. molmol (in-vivo) extracts gave promising results, according to "Efficacy of two plant extracts against vaginal trichomoniasis" by El-Sherbini GT, El Gozamy BR, Abdel-Hady NM, Morsy TA.(5)

6. Hepatotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects
In the determination of the natural myrrh extract Mirazid and its potential carcinogenicity and genotoxicity found that on comparing both drugs, praziquantel induced a significant hepatotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. It was concluded that, Praziquantel is considered to be a hepatotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic drug. On the other hand, Mirazid seemed to be a safe and promising antiparasitic drug, free from hepatotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects, according to "Comparative study of the hepatotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of praziquantel distocide & the natural myrrh extract Mirazid on adult male albino rats" by Omar A, Elmesallamy Gel-S, Eassa S.(6)

7. Antibacterial and antifungal properties
In the observation of the extracted, purified and characterized 8 sesquiterpene fractions from Commyphora molmol found that a mixture of furanodiene-6-one and methoxyfuranoguaia-9-ene-8-one, which showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against standard pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.18 to 2.8 micrograms/ml, according to "Local anaesthetic, antibacterial and antifungal properties of sesquiterpenes from myrrh" by Dolara P, Corte B, Ghelardini C, Pugliese AM, Cerbai E, Menichetti S, Lo Nostro A.(7)

8. Anti diabetes
In the investigation of a blood glucose lowering extract of a mixture of five plants in use by Kuwaiti diabetics found that only the extracts of myrrh and aloe gums effectively increased glucose tolerance in both normal and diabetic rats, according to "Studies on the activity of individual plants of an antidiabetic plant mixture" by Al-Awadi FM, Gumaa KA.(8)

9. Etc.

Side effects
1. Do not use the herb in children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
2. Myrrh may cause irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes, if it is contacted.
3. Overdoses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort.
4. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995243
(2) http://www.mendeley.com/research/anticoccidial-effect-commiphora-molmol-domestic-rabbit-oryctolagus-cuniculus-domesticus-l/
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21871653
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19818824
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19530609
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15881015
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10865454
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3618079

Popular #Herbs - Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha)

Myrrh, is resin made from dried tree sap of Commiphora myrrha, which is the genus Commiphora, belonging to the family Burseraceae, native to the Yemen, Somalia, and eastern Ethiopia. The herb has been used traditional medicine to treat sore and spongy gums, rheumatoid arthritis, the tissues congestion, etc. In tradition Chines medicine, the herb has been used over thousands odf year to invigorate the blood to reduce blood stasis causes of pain and swelling, etc.

Health benefits
1. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties
In the determination of the effects of individual herbal extracts and combined extract on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities from Commiphora myrrha, and Boswellia carterii in vivo found that that myrrh water extract (MWE) and the combined extract (CWE) at the 3.9g/kg, and 5.2g/kg showed inhibition of formalin-induced paw edema with inhibition rate of 30.44%, and 23.50%, respectively. The PGE(2) production was inhibited significantly by all samples (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CWE showed stronger suppression on carrageenan-induced mice paw edema at 2 and 3h after administration of drugs. The inhibitory effect of CWE on nitrite production was between that of MWE and water extract of frankincense (FWE) at 5.2g/kg. The dysmenorrhea mice test showed MWE could remarkably reduce the writhing times (P<0.05) and prolong the latency period, while FWE showed no obvious effects on the writhing times. CWE significantly reduced the writhing times and prolong the latency period (P<0.01), according to "Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of individual and combined extracts from Commiphora myrrha, and Boswellia carterii" by Su S, Hua Y, Wang Y, Gu W, Zhou W, Duan JA, Jiang H, Chen T, Tang Y.(1)

2. Neuroprotective Effects
In the testing the neuroprotective effects of ten new furanosesquiterpenoids, myrrhterpenoids A-J ( 1- 10), together with eight known analogues ( 11- 18),isolated from the resinous exudates of COMMIPHORA MYRRHA, found that all isolated furanosesquiterpenes showed neuroprotective effects against MPP (+)-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, according to "Sesquiterpenoids from the Resinous Exudates of Commiphora myrrha and Their Neuroprotective Effects" by Xu J, Guo Y, Li Y, Zhao P, Liu C, Ma Y, Gao J, Hou W, Zhang T.(2)

3. Anti cancer activities
In the identification of the effects of Aqueous extracts of 12 Chinese medicinal herbs, including Commiphora myrrha on antiproliferative activity on eight cancer cell found that All the crude aqueous extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity on some or all of the cancer cell lines, but only two showed activity against the normal mammary epithelial cells. and concluded that these results indicate the potential use of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs as antineoplastic agents and suggest that further studies evaluating their mechanism(s) of action and the isolation of active antitumor compounds are warranted, according to "In vitro anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs" by Shoemaker M, Hamilton B, Dairkee SH, Cohen I, Campbell MJ.(3)

4. Prostate cancer
In the examination whether two naturally occurring sesquiterpenoids (ST1 and ST2) from myrrh with anti-proliferative activity in prostate cancer cells found that that suppression of AR transactivation by ST1 and ST2 may be mediated, in part, by inhibiting AR nuclear translocation and/or interfering with the interaction between AR and its coactivators ARA70 and SRC-1. Therefore, sesquiterpenoids could be developed as novel therapeutic agents for treating prostate cancer, according to "Sesquiterpenoids from myrrh inhibit androgen receptor expression and function in human prostate cancer cells" by Wang XL, Kong F, Shen T, Young CY, Lou HX, Yuan HQ.(4)

5. Antibacterial activity
In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity from chemical composition of essential oils of cabreuva, including Commiphora myrrha, found that The volatile oils exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all tested organisms, except Pseudomonas, using both test methods. Higher activity was observed against Gram-positive strains in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria. Cabreuva oil from Brazil showed similar results, but in comparison with the other oils tested, only when higher concentrations of oil were used, according to "Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of selected essential oils and some of their main compounds" by Wanner J, Schmidt E, Bail S, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Gochev V, Girova T, Atanasova T, Stoyanova A.(5)

6. Anti parasites
In the identification of the effect of myrrh, divided into three main groups: GI (control group), GII (infected group) and GIII (infected-treated group) on Schistosoma mansoni found that the maximum effect of the drug was observed in SGs IIIB and IIIC as detected by significant decrease in the mean number and size of granulomas, paucity of eosinophils, decreased fibrosis and reticular fibers and the restoration of the glycogen content in the hepatocytes, according to "Evaluation of "Myrrh extract" against Schistosoma mansoni: a histological study" by Massoud AM, El Ebiary FH, Ibrahim SH, Saleh HA, Khalil HH.(6)

7. Gingival fibroblasts
In the study of myrrh oil (MO) effect on human gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cellsfound that that gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts may differ in the magnitude of NF-kappaB activation after IL-1beta stimulation, and that MO inhibition of IL-1beta-stimulated IL-6 production in fibroblasts is due in part to inhibition of PGE(2), but not NF-kappaB activation, according to "Effect of myrrh oil on IL-1beta stimulation of NF-kappaB activation and PGE(2) production in human gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells" by Tipton DA, Hamman NR, Dabbous MKh(7)

8. Anti-ulcer activity
In the investigation of botanical compounds with anti-ulcer activity include flavonoids, including gums and mucilages (i.e. gum guar and myrrh) found that Despite progress in conventional chemistry and pharmacology in producing effective drugs, the plant kingdom might provide a useful source of new anti-ulcer compounds for development as pharmaceutical entities or, alternatively, as simple dietary adjuncts to existing therapies, according to "The plant kingdom as a source of anti-ulcer remedies" by Borrelli F, Izzo AA.(8)

9. Etc.

Side effects
1. Do not use the herb in children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
2. Myrrh may cause irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes, if it is contacted.
3. Etc.

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178177
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21830185
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16161030
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372825
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20922991
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20503602
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16112536
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11113992

Popular #Herbs -Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)

Mullein is hairy biennial plant, genus Verbascum, belonging to Scrophulariaceae, native to Europe, northern Africa and Asia. The herb has been used in traditional medicine over thousands of year as analgesic, antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, bacteristat, cardio-depressant, estrogenic, sedative medicine and to treat cough, whooping cough, tuberculosis, bronchitis, hoarseness, pneumonia, earaches, colds, chills, flu, etc.

Health benefits 1. Antiviral and mode effects
In the investigation of the methanolic extract of Verbascum thapsus and its antiviral activity against the pseudorabies virus strain RC/79 (PrV) found that When cells were pre-treated with the extract prior to virus infection, the inhibition in plaque formation was 70%. PrV was highly inhibited when it was incubated with plant extract or when the extract was added during the adsorption phase (99%), according to "Antiviral effect and mode of action of methanolic extract of Verbascum thapsus L. on pseudorabies virus (strain RC/79)" by Escobar FM, Sabini MC, Zanon SM, Tonn CE, Sabini LI.(1)

2. Genotoxic and cytotoxic activities
In the evaluation of the methanolic extract of V. thapsus at doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg and theirs genotoxic and cytotoxic activities effects found that the extracts did not produce a significant increase in the frequency of MNPCE in bone marrow and neither altered the relationship PCE/NCE respect to negative control. These cytogenotoxic findings contribute the preclinical knowledge of methanolic extract of V. thapsus and provide security in its use as herbal medicine, according to "Genotoxic evaluation of a methanolic extract of Verbascum thapsus using micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow" by Escobar FM, Sabini MC, Zanon SM, Cariddi LN, Tonn CE, Sabini LI.(2)

3. Antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities
In the evaluation of the activity of one new iridoid compound named verbathasin A, along with ten known compounds in Verbascum thapsus, and theirs Antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities, found that All the isolates except 10-deoxyeucommiol and ajugol were tested for antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities, and compounds luteolin and 3-O-fucopyranosylsaikogenin F showed promising antiproliferative activities, with an obvious effect of inducing apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells, according to "Isolation of chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Verbascum thapsus and their antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities" by Zhao YL, Wang SF, Li Y, He QX, Liu KC, Yang YP, Li XL.(3)

4. Antiinflammatory effects
In the evaluation of Verbascum thapsus commonly known as 'mullein' is part of a large family of Scrophulariaceae consisting of more than 360 species and theirs anti inflammatory effects
found that a significant decrease of the expression and activity of iNOS, extracellular O(2) (-) production, SOD, CAT and GPx activity when the cells were treated with verbascoside. Based on these results it is hypothesized that verbascoside has antiinflammatory properties since it reduces the production of superoxide radicals and consequently reduces the activity of iNOS, according to "Antiinflammatory effects in THP-1 cells treated with verbascoside" by

Speranza L, Franceschelli S, Pesce M, Reale M, Menghini L, Vinciguerra I, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A.(4)

5. Anti-hepatoma activity
In the evaluation of Fifteen crude extracts from fifteen natural medicines from Canada, including Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) found that The samples were examined by in vitro evaluation for their cytotoxicity. The results showed that the effects of crude drugs on hepatitis B virus genome-containing cell lines were different from those against non hepatitis B virus genome-containing cell lines. C. groenlandica was observed to be the most effective against the growth of all five cell lines and its chemotherapeutic values will be of interest for further studies, according to "In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada" by Lin LT, Liu LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC (5)

6. Anaesthetic ear drops
In the comparison of the efficacy and tolerance of Otikon Otic Solution (Healthy-On Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel), a naturopathic herbal extract (containing Allium sativum, Verbascum thapsus, Calendula flores, and Hypericum perforatum in olive oil) and Anaesthetic (Vitamed Pharmaceutical Ltd, Benyamina, Israel) ear drops (containing ametocaine and phenazone in glycerin) in the management of ear pain associated with acute otitis media (AOM) found that Otikon, an ear drop formulation of naturopathic origin, is as effective as Anaesthetic ear drops and was proven appropriate for the management of AOM-associated ear pain, according to "Efficacy of naturopathic extracts in the management of ear pain associated with acute otitis media" by Sarrell EM, Mandelberg A, Cohen HA.(6)

7. Mycobacteria
In the investigation of Common mullein weed (Verbascum thapsus) and its effect on Mycobacteria, the notoriously tough micro-organisms found that this common weed could harbour the answer to beating one of the world's biggest infectious killers, according to"What's in a Name? Can Mullein Weed Beat TB Where Modern Drugs Are Failing" by

McCarthy E, O'Mahony JM.(7)

8. Etc.

Side effects
1. Mullein may cause allergic effect to some people such as tightness in your chest, skin hives. rash, itchy, etc.
2. Do not use the herb in children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
3. Etc.

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to Popular Herbs http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/popular-herbs.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21999656
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21834240
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656353
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20812283
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12203264
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11434846
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20953419

Popular #Herbs - Muira Puama (Ptychopetalum)

Muira Puama is a flowering plants in the genus of Ptychopetalum in thefamily Olacaceae, native to the Amazon rainforest.The herb has been used in traditional medicine to enhance sexual desire, erectile function and to treat dysentery, rheumatism nervous tension, depression, etc.

Health benefits
1. Sex drive
In the assessment of he efficacy of a unique herbal formulation of Muira puama and Ginkgo biloba (Herbal vX) in the treatment of sexual dysfunction in healthy women, found thatStatistically significant improvements occurred in frequency of sexual desires, sexual intercourse, and sexual fantasies, as well as in satisfaction with sex life, intensity of sexual desires, excitement of fantasies, ability to reach orgasm, and intensity of orgasm. Reported compliance and tolerability were good. These initial findings support the strong anecdotal evidence for the benefits of Herbal vX on the female sex drive, according to "Effects of Herbal vX on libido and sexual activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women" by Waynberg J, Brewer S.(1)

2. Neurodegenerative conditions
In the identification of a standardized ethanol extract from Ptychopetalum olacoides (POEE), a medicinal plant favored by the elderly in Amazon communities and its inhibition in brain areas relevant to cognition found that this study provides definitive proof of meaningful anticholinesterase activity compatible with the observed promnesic and anti-amnesic effects of POEE in mice, reaffirming the potential of this extract for treating neurodegenerative conditions where a hypofunctioning cholinergic neurotransmission is prominent, according to "Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in cognition-relevant brain areas of mice treated with a nootropic Amazonian herbal (Marapuama)" by Figueiró M, Ilha J, Pochmann D, Porciúncula LO, Xavier LL, Achaval M, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E.(2)

3. Anti-stress effects
In the investigation of Marapuama (Ptychopetalum olacoides Bentham, PO and its anti-stress properties found that Ptychopetalum olacoides (Marapuama) might possess adaptogen-like properties, according to "Anti-stress effects of the "tonic"Ptychopetalum olacoides (Marapuama) in mice" by Piato AL, Detanico BC, Linck VM, Herrmann AP, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E.(3)

4. Antioxidant activities
In the identification of of PO ethanol extract (POEE) free-radical scavenging properties in vitro, found that POEE administration reduced free-radical production in the hypothalamus, lead to significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hypothalamus, as well as in the carbonyl content in cerebellum and striatum. In terms of antioxidant enzymes, catalase activity was increased in the cortex, striatum, cerebellum and hippocampus, while glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in the hippocampus and concluded that POEE contains compounds able to improve the cellular antioxidant network efficacy in the brain, ultimately reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress, according to "Antioxidant activities of Ptychopetalum olacoides ("muirapuama") in mice brain" by Siqueira IR, Fochesatto C, Torres IL, da Silva AL, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E, Netto CA.(4)

5. Anxiogenic properties
In the assessment of Alcohol infusions of roots of Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth. (PO), known as Marapuama or Muirapuama, used in the Brazilian Amazon as a 'nerve tonic' found that
found that P. olacoides ethanol extract (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) decreased exploratory behaviour in the hole-board test, without interfering with locomotion or motor coordination (rota-rod test), according to "Anxiogenic properties of Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth. (Marapuama)" by da Silva AL, Bardini S, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E.(5)

6. Antidepression effect
In the investigation of standardized PO ethanol extract (POEE) on the forced swimming (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST) and theirs antidepression effect found that Consistent with traditional use, the results indicate that POEE possesses antidepressant-like effects, possibly mediated by beta-adrenergic and D(1) dopamine receptors, according to "Antidepressant profile of Ptychopetalum olacoides Bentham (Marapuama) in mice" by Piato AL, Rizon LP, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E.(6)

7. Etc.

Side effects
1. Overdoses may cause nervous tension, including insomnia and restlessness
2. Do not use the herb in Children, or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist
3. Do not use the herb combination with other sexual stimulants.
4. Etc.

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to Popular Herbs http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/popular-herbs.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11186145
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20833520
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19682881
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17433649
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12164265
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19067380

Obesity and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

C. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as a condition of low blood oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels in the body of severe obese people who can not breath rapidly and deeply.

D. How Obesity associates with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
1. In a study of "[Obesity and Sleep-related Breathing Disorders]" Luo JM, Xiao Y., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obesity, with an increasing prevalence,has become one of the most common metabolic diseases. Obesity is associated with many respiratory diseases, especially sleep-related breathing disorders including obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and overlap syndrome. This article reviews the association between obesity and these sleep-related breathing disorders.

2. According to a study of "The pickwickian syndrome-obesity hypoventilation syndrome" by Littleton SW, Mokhlesi B., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), also historically described as the Pickwickian syndrome, consists of the triad of obesity, sleep disordered breathing, and chronic hypercapnia during wakefulness in the absence of other known causes of hypercapnia. Its exact prevalence is unknown, but it has been estimated that 10% to 20% of obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea have hypercapnia

3. In the abstract of the study of "Respiratory complications of obesity" [Article in English, Spanish] by Rabec C, de Lucas Ramos P, Veale D., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity, well known as a cardiovascular risk factor, can also lead to significant respiratory complications. The respiratory changes associated with obesity extend from a simple change in respiratory function, with no effect on gas exchange, to the more serious condition of hypercapnic respiratory failure, characteristic of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. More recently, it has been reported that there is an increased prevalence of asthma which is probably multifactorial in origin, but in which inflammation may play an important role.

4. In a study of "Influence of body mass index on treatment of breathing-related sleep disorders" by Dzieciolowska-Baran E, Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Poziomkotska-Gesicka I, Teul-Swiniarska I, Sroczynski T., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the analysis demonstrated a significant influence of body mass on snoring, particularly in complicated and severe types of breathing disorders, such obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea, and the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Corrective interventions carried out to eliminate anatomical abnormalities causing obstruction of upper airways provided the best therapeutic effects in patients with normal body mass.

5. According to the study of "Sleep-related breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in obese subjects" by Resta O, Foschino-Barbaro MP, Legari G, Talamo S, Bonfitto P, Palumbo A, Minenna A, Giorgino R, De Pergola G., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that OSA is present in more than 50% of a population of obese patients with a mean BMI higher than 40.0, this percentage being much higher than that commonly reported in previous studies, particularly in women. Neck circumference in men and BMI in women seem to be the strongest predictors of the severity of OSA in obese patients. Nocturnal hypoventilation seems to be present in more than 29% of a severe obese population. Moreover, this study indicates that morbid obesity can be associated with excessive daytime sleepiness even in the absence of sleep apnea.

6. Etc.

E. treatments of Obesity and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
1. According to the study of "Noninvasive Ventilation in Mild obesity hypoventilation syndrome: A randomized controlled trial" by Borel JC, Tamisier R, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Baguet JP, Monneret D, Arnol N, Roux-Lombard P, Wuyam B, Levy P, Pepin JL, posted in PubMed, researchers found that NIV group patients (n=18) were older (58±11 versus 54±6 years) with a higher baseline PaCO(2) (47.9±4.2 versus 45.2±3 mmHg). In intention to treat analysis, compared to control group, NIV significantly reduced daytime PaCO(2) (difference between treatments: -3.5 mmHg; 95%CI:-6.2 to -0.8) and apnea-hypopnea-index (-40.3/h 95%CI:-62.4 to -18.2). Sleep architecture was restored although non-respiratory micro-arousals increased (+9.4/hour of sleep; 95%CI: 1.9 to 16.9) and daytime sleepiness was not completely normalized. Despite a dramatic improvement in sleep hypoxemia, glucidic and lipidic metabolism parameters as well as cytokines profiles did not vary significantly. Accordingly, neither RH-PAT (+0.02; 95%CI: -0.24 to 0.29) nor arterial stiffness (+0.22m.s(-1); 95%CI: -1.47 to 1.92) improved.

2. According to the study of "Obesity hypoventilation syndrome" by Al Dabal L, Bahammam AS., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Despite its major impact on health, this disorder is under-recognized and under-diagnosed. Available management options include aggressive weight reduction, oxygen therapy and using positive airway pressure techniques. In this review, we will go over the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation and diagnosis and management of OHS.

3. In the abstract of the study of "Diagnosis and management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome in the ICU" by Lee WY, Mokhlesi B., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Because of the global obesity epidemic and the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population, critical care physicians are likely to encounter patients who have acute-on-chronic respiratory failure attributable to OHS in their clinical practice. In this article we define the clinical characteristics of OHS, review its pathophysiology, and discuss the morbidity and mortality associated with OHS. Finally, we offer treatment strategies during ICU management using noninvasive positive pressure ventilation that may guide the physician in the care of these challenging patients.

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Obesity and Asthma

Quinto KB, Zuraw BL, Poon KY, Chen W, Schatz M, Christiansen SC. (Source from Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Even after adjusting for demographics, parental education level, asthma controller use, and gastroesophageal reflux disease and diabetes mellitus diagnoses, overweight (BMI percentile for age, 85% to 94%) and obese (BMI percentile for age, ≥95%) children were more likely to have increased β-agonists dispensed (odds ratio of 1.15 [95% CI, 1.02-1.27] and odds ratio of 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06-1.29], respectively) and increased risk for oral corticosteroids dispensed (odds ratio of 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.29] and odds ratio of 1.28 [95% CI, 1.21-1.36], respectively) compared with normal-weight (BMI percentile for age, 16% to 84%) children.

4. According to the study of "The relationship between obesity and asthma severity and control in adults" by Mosen DM, Schatz M, Magid DJ, Camargo CA Jr. (Source from Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 92111, USA. david.m.mosen@kpchr.org), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Even after adjusting for demographics, smoking status, oral corticosteroid use, evidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and inhaled corticosteroid use, obese adults were more likely than those with normal BMIs (<25 kg/m(2)) to report poor asthma-specific quality of life (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6-4.9), poor asthma control (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7-4.3), and a history of asthma-related hospitalizations (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.4-14.4).

5. In a study of "Measures of obesity associated with asthma diagnosis in ethnic minority children" by Vangeepuram N, Teitelbaum SL, Galvez MP, Brenner B, Doucette J, Wolff MS. (Source from
Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1512, New York, NY 10029, USA),posted in PubMed, researchers found that When comparing the highest quintile of each body fat measure to the combined lowest two quintiles, higher body mass index percentile, percent body fat, and waist circumference all were associated with a higher likelihood of physician-diagnosed asthma (PR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.12-2.39), 1.50 (95% CI 1.02-2.21), and 1.56 (95% CI 1.04-2.34), resp.). Conclusions. This study found a significant association between increased body size and asthma diagnosis, regardless of the measurement examined.

6. In an abstract of the study of "Body mass index and the risk of asthma in adults" by Luder E, Ehrlich RI, Lou WY, Melnik TA, Kattan M. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1202B, New York, NY 10029, USA. elisabeth.luder@mssm.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that this cross-sectional study showed that men and women differ significantly in the association between BMI and asthma prevalence only with respect to the lowest weight category. While women had a monotonic association, men showed a U-shaped relationship, indicating that both extremes of weight are associated with a higher prevalence of asthma.

7. Etc

D. Treatments of Obesity and Asthma
1. According to the study of "Influence of obesity on control in asthmatic Japanese patients defined by the Japanese definition of obesity" by Youkou A, Hasegawa T, Suzuki K, Koya T, Sakagami T, Toyabe S, Arakawa M, Gejyo F, Narita I, Suzuki E. (Source from Division of Respiratory Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that This study investigated influences of JASSO-defined obesity on asthma severity and management in a clinical setting in Japan. It is possible that there are strong interactions between asthma and obesity, such as obesity causing decreased ICS therapy efficacy and leukotriene (LT)-related inflammation, although further investigation is necessary.

2. According to a study of "Impact of bariatric surgery on pulmonary function and nitric oxide in asthmatic and non-asthmatic obese patients" by Lombardi C, Gargioni S, Gardinazzi A, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. (Source from Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Bariatric surgery significantly reduces the intake of inhaled corticosteroids and the levels of exhaled nitric oxide, thus bronchial inflammation, in asthmatics.

3. According to the study of "Weight loss and asthma control in severely obese asthmatic females" by Maniscalco M, Zedda A, Faraone S, Cerbone MR, Cristiano S, Giardiello C, Sofia M. (Source from Section of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital S. Maria della Pietà Casoria, Naples, Italy. mauromaniscalco@hotmail.com), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Consistent weight loss in severely obese patients with asthma is associated to improvement in respiratory symptoms and lung function. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of large body mass changes on asthma would require further studies.

4. Etc.
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Obesity and Depression

A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

C. Depression is a normal response as part of our daily lives such as the loss of s job, the death of a love one, and illness. Over 30 million Americans suffer from depression and the amount is increasing in an alarming rate. Depression may be a mental health disorder that can affect the way you eat, sleep, and the way you feel about yourself. The mild case of depression can be defeated by a variety of self-care techniques. Others require the treatment of medication, such as antidepressant medications and psychotherapy that help to reduce and sometimes eliminate the symptoms of depression.

E. How Obesity associates with depression
1. According to the study of "Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies" by Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, Stijnen T, Cuijpers P, Penninx BW, Zitman FG. (Source from Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands. f.s.lent-luppino@lumc.nl.), posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that This meta-analysis confirms a reciprocal link between depression and obesity. Obesity was found to increase the risk of depression, most pronounced among Americans and for clinically diagnosed depression. In addition, depression was found to be predictive of developing obesity.

2. In a study of "Parental depression, family functioning, and obesity among African American children" by Davis M, Young L, Davis SP, Moll G. (Source from Department of Psychology, Jackson State University in Jackson, MS 39217-0350, USA. melvin.davis@jsums.edu), posted in PubMed, Researchers found that several models emerged for predicting childhood and parental body mass index, parental depression, and child behavioral problems. Findings indicated a role for parental depression in childhood obesity. These findings are discussed in light of Bandura 's Social Cognitive Theory, and the family's role in childhood obesity

3. In n abstract of the study of "Association between obesity and depression: Evidence from a longitudinal sample of the elderly in Taiwan" from Chang HH, Yen ST. (Source from a Department of Agricultural Economics , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that : In contrast to most findings for the Western countries, a negative association between obesity and depression of the elderly is evident in Taiwan. The different findings between Western and Asian countries may be due to the cultural differences. Unlike the Western countries that stigmata are attached to excessive overweight, being overweight is not a symbol of unhealthiness because only the wealthy can afford to eat more and put on more weight in the Chinese society

4. According tithe study of "Association between Body Mass Index and depression: the "fat and jolly" hypothesis for adolescents girls" by Revah-Levy A, Speranza M, Barry C, Hassler C, Gasquet I, Moro MR, Falissard B, posted in PubMed, researchers found that there is evidence for a gender difference in the association between BMI and depression in adolescents, supporting the need to study boys and girls separately. Overweight adolescent girls are more likely to be depressed than obese adolescent girls, giving support for "fat and jolly" hypothesis not only among older women but also among adolescent girls.

5. In a study of "Obesity and onset of significant depressive symptoms: results from a prospective community-based cohort study of older men and women" byVogelzangs N, Kritchevsky SB, Beekman AT, Brenes GA, Newman AB, Satterfield S, Yaffe K, Harris TB, Penninx BW; Health ABC Study., (Source from Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, AJ Ernststraat 887, 1081 HL Amsterdam, Netherlands. n.vogelzangs@ggzingeest.nl) posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that This study shows that obesity, in particular visceral fat, increases the risk of onset of significant depressive symptoms in men. These results suggest that specific mechanisms might relate visceral fat to the onset of depression.

6. etc.

E. Treatments of Obesity and Depression
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Treatment of Comorbid Obesity and Major Depressive Disorder: A Prospective Pilot Study for their Combined Treatment" by Faulconbridge LF, Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Pulcini ME, Treadwell T. (Source from Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obese individuals suffering from major depressive disorder can lose weight and achieve improvements in symptoms of depression and CVD risk factors with 16 weeks of combined treatment. A larger randomized controlled trial is needed to establish the efficacy of this treatment.

2. In a study of "Depression and suicidality in obese patients" by Lester D, Iliceto P, Pompili M, Girardi P. (Source from The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, USA), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that A study of 70 obese patients indicated the presence of severe depression in 32% of the sample and some suicidal risk in 23%. Given this high prevalence, health professionals should always explore the presence of depression and suicidality in obese patients.

3.. In a study of " The Role of Adipokines in Understanding the Associations between Obesity and Depression" by Taylor VH, Macqueen GM. (Source from Mood Disorders Program, Centre for Mountain Health Services, McMaster University, D150-A, 100 West 5th Street, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3K7), posted in PubMed, researchers found that This paper is one of the first to examine the association between adipokines and depression. It provides an overview of the physiological role of adipokines and summarizes the data suggesting that they may be dysregulated in major depression. This area of research may become increasingly important as new treatment strategies are developed.

Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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