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Saturday, 2 November 2013

Chinese Herbs – She Chuang Zi (Fructus Cnidii Monnieri) Health

She Chuang Zi is also known as Cnidium Fruit. The acrid, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM  as anti-histamine, anti-allergenic, anti arrhythmia, anti-fungal,  anti-bacterial and sedative agent and to improve immune system, bone strength, etc., as it warms the Kidneys,strengthens the Yang, disperses Cold, expels Wind, dries Dampness, expels worms and  parasites, etc. by enhancing the functions of kidney, triple warmer channels.

Ingredients 
1. L-Pinene
2. Bornyl isovalarate
3. Osthol
4. Columbianadin
5. Berapten
6. Cnidiadin
7. Isopimpinellin
8. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Anti-tumor activities
In recent years, rather active investigations of its anti-tumor were performed at home and abroad. C. monnieri possesses multi-aspect and comprehensive anti-tumor functions, involving directly tumor-inhibitory activity, anti-mutagenicity, reversing multi-drug tolerance of tumor, as well as improving immune functions and so on. In this review, chemical constituents, anti-tumor activities and relevant investigations of Fructus Cnidii were summarized recent decade(1).
2. Anti-allergic effects 
In the study to investigate the anti-allergic effects (types I and IV) of the 70% ethanol extract (CM-ext) obtained from Cnidii Monnieri Fructus (dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri),on 48 h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), showed that Cnidii Monnieri Fructus might be useful as an agent for allergic diseases and that its anti-allergic effect was partially attributable to a coumarin derivative, osthol(2).
3. Cytotoxic activity
In the investigation of five coumarins: osthol, imperatorin, bergapten, isopimpinellin, and xanthotoxin of the CmF(fruits of Cnidium monnieri) extract, among these compounds, osthol showed the strongest cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines, imperatorin showed the highest sensitivity to HL-60 cells and the least cytotoxicity to normal PBMCs. Osthol and imperatorin both caused apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation, and enhanced PARP degradation in HL-60 cells by biochemical analysis. These results indicate that osthol and imperatorin can induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells(3).
4. Antifibrotic activity
In the investigation of activity-guided fractionation of the CHCl(3) fraction of C. monnieri led to the isolation of ten coumarins: osthol (1), meranzin (2), auraptenol (3), meranzin hydrate (4), 7-hydroxy-8-methoxy coumarin (5), imperatorin (6), xanthotoxol (7), xanthotoxin (8), bergapten (9) and isopimpinellin (10), showed that of these, compounds 1 and 6 significantly inhibited proliferation of HSCs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, compounds 1 and 6 significantly reduced collagen content in HSC-T6 cells(4).
5. Antiosteoporotic activity
In the study to evaluate the Bioactivity-guided fractionation has led to the successful isolation of antiosteoporotic components, i. e., osthole, imperatorin and bergapten from an ethanolic extract of the fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, showed that among them, osthole was determined as the major compound possessing antiosteoporotic activity. Further study showed that osthole not only promoted the proliferation and activity of alkaline phosphatase of osteoblasts in neonatal calvaria cultures, but also inhibited the bone resorption by decreasing the formation, differentiation and TRAP activity of osteoclasts derived from rat marrow cells(5).
6. Antipruritic effect 
In the study of the Antipruritic effects of 70% ethanol extract (CM-ext) of Cnidii Monnieri Fructus (dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri CUSSON, Umberifferae), found that in mice, an oral administration of CM-ext (200 and 500 mg/kg) inhibited compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior without influence on spontaneous locomotion. Isopimpinellin (3) and osthol (1), coumarin derivatives isolated from CM-ext, showed an inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior(6).
7. Osteoporosis
In the study to compare the total coumarins from dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri (TCCM) and nilestriol (Nil) against osteoporosis, found that Ova reduced markedly the trabecular bone mass due to bone resorption excessed bone formation (% Tb. Ar -59%). Treatment with TCCM 67 mg.kg-1 partly suppressed bone turnover, but did not inhibit bone loss in Ova rats (% Tb.Ar -43%). Treatment with TCCM 200 mg.kg-1 and Nil 1 mg.kg-1 increased the trabecular area (% Tb. Ar +100% and +274%)(7).
8. Inhibition of itch-scratch response
In the study to screen the anti-itching activities of 33 herbal medicines in substance P (SP)-induced itching model mice, suggest that The chloroform-soluble fraction of the methanol extract of of fruits of Cnidium monnieri (Cnidii Fructus) markedly inhibited SP-induced scratching. Among 10 subfractions of the chloroform-soluble fraction, the CS-3 fraction had the most potent inhibitory effect on scratching(8).
9. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of kidney Yin deficiency or liver fire ascending
2.  Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.


Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16323535
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12081154
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14750023
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21082271
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17315308
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11853179
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10072954
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11558560
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Chinese Herbs – She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae Chinensis)

She Gan is also known as blackberry lily rhizome. The cold, bitter and slightly toxic herb has been used in TCM to treat sore throat, cough, tuberculosis, carbuncles, boils, etc., as it clears Heat, expels toxins, eliminates Phlegm, etc. by enhancing the function of lung channels.

Ingredients
1. Neomangiferin
2. Nangiferin
3. Tectoridin
4. Iristectorin B
5. Iristectorin A
6. Iridin
7. Tectorigenin
8. Iristectorigenin A
9. Irigenin
10. Irisflorentin
11. Irilone
12. Dichtomitin
13. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Antitumor Activities
In the study of an activity-directed fractionation and purification process was used to isolate antitumor compounds from the roots of Belamcanda chinensis, showed that  Hoechst 33258 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, which indicated the growth inhibition of MGC-803 cells via the induction of tumor cell apoptosis(1).
2. Antimutagenic and anti-oxidant activities 
In the study of the direct mutagenesis induced by N-nitroquinoline, and indirect mutation induction caused by metabolically activated 2-AF. found that the isoflavonoid fractions have the capability to scavenge free radicals, to reduce transition-metal ions and to protect polyunsaturated fatty acids from peroxidation. The analysis of the fractions obtained with high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array and mass-spectrometric detection revealed several potentially bioactive isoflavones, either as glycosides or aglycones, depending on the polarity of the solvents used for fractionation. The main compounds were tectoridin and iridin in the glycoside fractions and the aglycones irigenin, tectorigenin, and 5,6,7,3′-tetrahydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone. The activities reported here can be regarded to be of additional value when using this plant as a phyto-estrogenic and chemopreventive agent(2).
3. Etc.

Side Effects
1. The herb may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as diarrhea
2. Do not use the herb in case of spleen deficiency
3. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
4. Etc.

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22627971
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20096370
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Chinese Herbs – She Xiang (Secretio Moschus)

She Xiang is also known as Musk secretion. The acrid, warm, aromatic and bitter herb has been used in TCM to treat angina, tumors and carbuncles, seizures, etc., as it opens Heart orifices, restores consciousness. moves Blood, disperses nodules, calms pain, promotes delivery, etc. by enhancing teh functions of heart, liver and spleen channels.

Ingredients
1. Methyl palmitic acid
2. Methyl oleic acid
3. 5β – androstane -  3α – 17β – diol
4. 5β – androstane -  3α – 17α – diol
5. 5α-androstane-3,17-dione
6. 5β – androstane – 3,17 – dione
7. Muscopyridine
8. Glycine
9. Sserine
10 Glutamate
11. Valine
12. Aspartic acid
13. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Topical medicaments
In the study to investigate the incidence of contact sensitivity to the components of CTM in patients with contact dermatitis from CTM. A screening series of 27 crude drugs most commonly used in CTM as well as a modified European standard series was patch tested in 30 patients, found that reducing the concentration and simplifying the compositions of these components, as well as replacement with those of low allergenicity in CTM, such as Rhizoma Arisaematis (see text), Herba Lycopodii (see text), Radix Cyathulae Officinalis (see text), Rhizoma Pinelliae (see text), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (see text), Herba Dendrobii (see text), Secretio Moschus (see text), and Stigmata Croci (see text), may be advocated(1).
2. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
2. Do not use the herb in case of Yin deficiency without heat
3. Etc.


Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Secretio%20Moschus
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Chinese Herbs – Shen Jin Cao (Herba Lycopodii)

Herba Lycopodii is also known as common club moss. The bitter, acrid and warm herb has been used in TCM  as Anti-inflammatory, hypotensive agent and to inhibit Candida Albicans, treat rheumatism, numbness in the skin, edema, etc., by enhancing the function of liverm spleen and kidney channels.


Ingredients
1. Lycopodine
2.  Clavatine
3. Clavolonine
4.  Fawcettiine
5. Lycodoline
6.  Lucidoline
7.  Phlegmariurine
8. Obscurine
9.  Clavatoxine
10. Nicotine
11. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities
In the study to evaluate the alkaloid extracts of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities medicinal and therapeutic potentials of two Lycopodiaceae species, Lycopodium clavatum (L.) and Lycopodium thyoides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd), both used in South American folk medicine for central nervous system conditions, showed that the biological properties of the folk medicinal plants Lycopodium clavatum and Lycopodium thyoides include AChE inhibitory activity and antioxidant effects, two possible mechanisms of action in Alzheimer’s related processes(1).
2. Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, antioxidant and phytochemical properties
In the study to evaluate of extracts of seven South African medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of pain-related ailments, showed that the screening assay concentration (0.25 microg/microl), 13 extracts showed good COX-1 inhibitory activity (>50%), while good activity was observed in 15 extracts against COX-2 enzyme. All the extracts of Crinum moorei (bulbs) showed good inhibition against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Though not significantly different (P=0.05), the highest COX-1 percentage inhibition (100%) was shown by Aloe ferox leaf PE and Colocasia antiquorum tuber DCM extracts, while Colocasia antiquorum tuber PE extract exhibited the highest (92.7%) percentage inhibition against COX-2. Crinum moorei bulb DCM extract showed the lowest EC(50) value (2.9 microg/ml) in the AChE assay. In addition, good to moderate bioactivities were observed in some extracts of Aloe ferox (leaves), Crinum moorei (bulbs) and Pycnostachys reticulata (leaves) in all the assays. The presence and/or amounts of phenolic compounds varied with plant species(2).
3. Antioxidative, antiproliferative and biochemical effects
Hepeel is a homeopathic remedy commonly used to treat primary and secondary functional disorders of the liver. It consists of highly diluted extracts from the following plants: Chelidonium from Chelidonium majus, L., Carduus marianus from Silybum marianum, L., Veratrum from Veratrum album L., Colocynthis from Citrullus colocynthis L., Lycopodium from Lycopodium clavatum L., Nux moschata from Myristica fragans, Houtt, and China from Cinchona pubescens, Vahl. The antioxidative, antiproliferative and biochemical effects in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells of serial dilutions of these plant tinctures were tested, showed that the complete combination (COMB) realised in the homeopathic remedy and its constituents exert specific antioxidative, antiproliferative and biochemical effects on HepG2 cells which all point to a potential hepatoprotective and tumouristatic action(3).
4. Etc.

Side Effects
1. No not use in case of  excessive bleeding
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist
3. Etc.



Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22108682
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19932161
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14732962
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Chinese Herbs – Shen Qu (Massa Medica Fermentata)

Shen Qu is also known as medicated leaven. The sweet, acrid and warm herb has been used in TCM to enhance digestion, treat lack of appetite, flatulence, diarrhea, stomach flu, etc., as it moves Qi,  strengthens the Spleen, stops diarrhea, regulates the Exterior, promotes digestion, harmonizes the Stomach, etc., by enhancing the functions of spleen and stonach channels.
Ingredients
1. Monacolin K
2. glycosides,
3. vitamin B
4. Etc.
Health Benefits
1. Lowering Cholesterol levels
Monacolin M, a new specific inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis structurally related to monacolin K (mevinolin) found in Shen Qu was suggested is derived from monacolin J via a synthetic pathway distinct from that for the synthesis of monacolin K, alpha-methylbutyryl ester of monacolin J. The inhibitory effect of monacolin M on beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase was slightly lower than that of monacolin K(1).
2. Antimicrobial effects
In the study to examine whether statin exposure at physiologic concentrations enhances activity of selected antimicrobials against Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Broth microdilution was performed with and without dose-ranging concentrations of lovastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin. No effects on antimicrobial activity were demonstrated(2)
3. Liver protective effects
In the study to evaluate the usefulness of lovastatin, which is nowadays widely used for lipid lowering purpose, as a hepatoprotective drug following the administration of the anthracycline derivative doxorubicin in vivo, showed that show that lovastatin is hepatoprotective following genotoxic stress induced by anthracyclines. Based on the data, we hypothesize that statins might be suitable to lower hepatic injury following anthracycline-based anticancer therapy(3).
4. Cytotoxic effects
in the study to  investigate the effects of fluva-, simva-, atorva-, rosuva- and lovastatin on the viability of primary mouse and human hepatocytes as well as mouse (Hepa1-6) and human (Huh7, HepG2) hepatoma cell lines, indicated that selective cytotoxic effects of fluva-, simva- and lovastatin on hepatoma cells in comparison to primary hepatocyte in human hepatoma cells found significant reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells, while statins did not affect Huh7 cells at concentrations not toxic for primary hepatocytes(4).
5. Etc.
Side Effects
1. The herb may interact with other medicinje, please consult with your doctor, if you are taking Erythromycin, Gemfibrozil, etc.
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3818440
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22736455
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22712078
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22710979
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Chinese Herbs – Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae)

Sheng Ma is also known as Bugbane Rhizome. The sweet, acrid and slightly cold herb has been used in TCM to treat influenza, measles, sore and swollen throat, toothache, gingivitis, swollen eyes,  dull headache, migraine, hemorrhoids, etc., as it releases the Exterior, promotes the eruption of exanthema, clears Heat, expels toxins, raises Yang to avoid its collapse, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung, spleen, large intestine and stomach channels.

 Ingredients
1. Cimitin
2. Cimigenol
3. Visnagin
4. Visamminol
5. Indole
6. Alkaloids
7. Cimicifugine
8. B-sitosterol
9. Cimigenol xyloside
10. Dahurinol
11. Isodahurinol
12. Dehydroxydahurino
13. Etc.

 Health Benefits
1. Antiosteoporotic effect
In the study of the effects of Cimicifuga heracleifolia (CH), an Asian species of Cimicifugae rhizome, on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, showed that treatment with CH (i.p., 50 mg/kg of body weight, every other day) prevented the OVX-induced increase in body weight but did not alter the uterus weight of the OVX mice. Serum ALP levels and osteoclast surface levels in the OVX mice were reduced by treatment with CH. The CH significantly preserved trabecular bone mass, bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, structure model index and bone mineral density of proximal tibia metaphysis or distal femur metaphysis(1).
2. Antioxidant activity 
In the study to investigate the effect of Isoferulic acid (3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid, IFA), the isomer of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid), is a rare phenolic acid occurring in Rhizoma Cimicifugae, indicated that DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) and ABTS (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) radical scavenging, reducing power on Fe3+ and CU2+ ions, and hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging(2).
3. Anthelmintic effects
In the assessment of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Prunus amygdalus Batsch seeds (Semen amygdali), Cimicifuga foetida L. rhizomes (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim roots (Radix Peucedani), Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. seeds (Semen Momordicae), and Bupleurum chinense DC. roots (Radix Bupleuri chinensis) for their in vivo anthelmintic activity against monogenean Dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish (Carassius auratus), found that the efficacies of methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts from R. Bupleuri chinensis were found to be, in this order, more effective than others with the 48 h-EC(50) and EC(90) values of 3.5 and 6.9, 6.0 and 8.4, 7.4 and 11.2 mg/L, respectively, followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. cimicifugae and chloroform extract of R. peucedani with EC(50) 189.2 and 240.4 mg/L. The promising methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts from R. Bupleuri chinensis were subjected to acute toxicity tests for the evaluation of their safety to the host. After 48-h exposure, the mortalities of goldfish were recorded, and the established LC(50) values were 10.1-, 4.2-, and 8.4-fold higher than the corresponding EC(50)(3).
4. Atherosclerosis
In the avaluation of 7,8-didehydrocimigenol from Cimicifugae rhizoma inhibits TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1expression through upregulation of PPAR-γ in human endothelial cells, researchers found that upregualtion of PPAR-γ by 7,8-DHC in EC inhibits NF-kB activity of TNF-α-activated EC which leads to selective inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. In addition, ERK1/2 and Akt signal pathways are involved in differential regulation by 7,8-DHC and concluded that 7,8-DHC can be used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis(4).
5. Antibacterial activity
In the study to observe 20 traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against four common oral bacteria, showed that Thirteen TCMs demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, including Cortex magnoliae officinalis, Cortex phellodendri, Flos caryophylli, Flos lonicerae japonicae, Fructus armeniaca mume, Fructus forsythiae suspensae, Herba cum radice violae yedoensitis, Herba menthae haplocalycis, Pericarpium granati, Radix et rhizoma rhei, Radix gentianae, Ramulus cinnamomi cassia and Rhizoma cimicifugae. Cortex phellodendri showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, while Radix et rhizoma rhei was effective against Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis. Fructus armeniaca mume had inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro(5).

 6. Anti inflammatory effects
In the study to assess the insights into the mechanism of action regarding analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Rhizoma cimicifugae (RC) extracts(fractionated to an ether-soluble fraction (B) and a water-soluble fraction (C). Fraction C was fractionated to a butanol-soluble fraction (D) and a water-soluble fraction (E). Each fraction (100 mg/kg, i.p.), researchers found that fractions A, D and E exerted antiinflammatory effects on the rat paw oedema assay. The fractions A, D, E had an inhibitory action on the bradykinin/histamine-mediated contractions of guinea-pig ileum. In addition, fractions A, D and E had the ability to inhibit the production of LPS-induced 6-keto-PGF1alpha production in macrophage cultures. Taken together, these results provide scientific evidence that RC extracts exert analgesic and antiinflammatory effects by inhibiting bradykinin/histamine mediated actions and inhibiting 6-keto-PGF1alpha induction(6).
7. Etc.

 Side Effects
1. Do not use in case ripen measles
2. Do not use in case of breathing difficulty as a result of heat from lung deficiency
3. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
4. Etc.

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21987388
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21941899
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21153837
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20946932
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418062
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11113994
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Chinese Herbs – Shi Di (Calyx Diospyros Kaki)

Shi Di is also known as Persimmon. The bitter and acrid herb has been used in TCM to treat hiccups, whooping cough, urine with blood, influenza with vomiting, etc., as it subdues Rebellious Qi, stops hiccup, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung and stomach channels.

Ingredients
1. Oleanolic Acid
2. Stearic acid
4. Succinic acid
5. Eugenic acid
6. Vanillic acid
7. Gallic acid
8. Kaempferide
9. Quercetin
10. Trifolin
11. Hyuperin
12. β-sitosterol
13. Friedelin
14. Betulinic acid
15. Tannin
16. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Leukemia HL-60 cells
In the study to investigate the effect of an acetone extract of D. kaki leaves (KV-1) on HL-60 cell differentiation in combination of ATRA or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicated that treatment of HL-60 cells with zero to 100 microg/ml of KV-1 for 72 h induced a small increase in cell differentiation. Surprisingly, a synergistic induction of differentiation was observed when the HL-60 cells were treated with ATRA or 1,25-(OH)2D3 and the extract. The inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) (alpha and betaI) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibited the HL-60 differentiation induced by the extract in combination of ATRA or 1,25-(OH)2D3, suggesting that PKC and ERK were involved in the cell differentiation enhancement by the extract(1).
2. Acaricidal activity
In the study to evaluate the Acaricidal effects of materials derived from Diospyros kaki roots against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, using impregnated fabric disk bioassay and comparingwith that of the commercial benzyl benzoate, indicated that plumbagin and its derivatives can be very useful for the potential control agents, lead compounds, and indicator of house dust mites(2).
3. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of yang deficiency
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.


Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956868 
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309277
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