Food Therapy: Beet, a functional Food in Reduced Risk and Treatment of Parkinson's disease(PD)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Beet or beet root may be considered as functional food for reduced risk of early onset and treatment of Parkinson's disease(PD), a recent study suggested.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a condition of neurodegenrative disease progressed over time caused by dysfunction of nerve cells involving motor functioning, including signs of tremor of the hands, arms, legs, jaw and face. bradykinesia ......

Beet, best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belonging to the amaranth family, is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.

According to the MVP Samaj's College of Pharmacy, in the animal model of PD induced by administration of reserpine (5 mg/kg/day, i.p for 5 consecutive days), haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and tacrine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), rats fed with methanolic extract of Beta vulgaris (MEBV)at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg showed a significantly reduced the intensity of muscular rigidity, duration of catalepsy, akinesia, the number of tremors, dis-proportionally.

Concentrations of 200, and 300 mg/kg extract exhibited the most effects in compared dose of 100mg/kg.

Furthermore, at the higher doses, treatment animals also exerted an improvement of locomotor functioning and grip strength analyzed by MEBV.

The study also indicated that the efficacy of  beet methanolic extract may be attributed to the increase of antioxidants in inhibited the production of lipid peroxidation (LPO), an important process in causing cell dysfunction in PD patients.

Not only that, injection of the extract also restored the defensive antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT in rat brain.

Dr. The lead author said, "The mechanism of protection may be due to augmentation of cellular antioxidants".

Other researchers also suggested that intake of beet juice may improve blood circulation of the brain's white matter of the frontal lobes associated to the development of dementia and other cognitive conditions, including risk of PD and PD progression in older adult.

Dr. Gary Miller,, the lead author of this study said, "I think these results are consistent and encouraging - that good diet consisting of a lot of fruits and vegetables can contribute to overall good health".

Collectively, the finding evidences suggested that beet methanolic extract or nitrate-rich beet juice may have a profound effect in reduced prevalence of early onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and may be considered as a functional food. for these purposes.

Arthritis Is Curable
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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) Neuroprotective potential of Beta vulgaris L. in Parkinson's disease by Nade VS1, Kawale LA1, Zambre SS1, Kapure AB1.(PubMed)
(2) Daily Dose Of Beet Juice Promotes Brain Health In Older Adults
Published Thursday 4 November 2010 By Janet Eppin(Medical news today)

Alternative Therapy: Yoga, in The Early Onset and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


People who participated in yoga class are at a reduced risk of developed hyperglycemia, a renowned study suggested.

Yoga, the accident technique practice for harmonized external and internal body well being, through breath control, meditation, bodily movement and gesture..... has been well known for people in Western world and some parts in Asia due to health benefits reported by various respectable institutes' research and supported by health advocates.

Hyperlipidemia is a condition of abnormal high cholesterol in the blood stream and considered as a early signed of heart disease developing.

Short term yoga lessons showed a strong impact on some of the biochemical indicators, such as high blood cholesterol and glucose in increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.

In a study based on the colection of data of 98 subjects (67 male, 31 female), ages 20-74 years, who attended one of our programs with hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and a variety of other illnesses, yoga participants showed a significant in lower serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very- LDL cholesterol and and total triglycerides with improvement of he ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, on the last day of the course compared to the first day of the course.

According to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, yoga attendees experienced also a decreased fasting plasma glucose and serum lipoprotein profile through analysis of blood profile.

Additionally, a study of an outpatient facility at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, a tertiary health care centre, also showed an improvement of blood cholesterol through increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a duration of 10 days of yoga class..

Dr. Yadav RK, the lead author said, (in) 38 participants (147 women, 91 men, 38.81±11.40 years)  included in the study said, "There was a significant increase in HDL-c levels from baseline to day 10 (42.93±5.00 vs 43.52±5.07 mg/dL, P = 0.043). Notably, HDL-c was significantly improved in those for whom the baseline HDL-c levels were lower than the recommended values".

In support of the above differentiation, study of yoga effect on glucose metabolism and blood lipid levels of 90 adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years who met the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS conducted the Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYSA) University showed a improving glucose, lipid, and insulin values, including insulin resistance values, in adolescent girls with PCOS independent of anthropometric changes in compared conventional physical exercises group.

Collectively, There is no doubt that yoga may be used a therapeutic treatment in reduced risk of hyperlipidemia and reduced risk of early on set of cardiovascular disease and diabetes induced by abnormal high blood cholesterol.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
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FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources

(1) A brief but comprehensive lifestyle education program based on yoga reduces risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus by Bijlani RL1, Vempati RP, Yadav RK, Ray RB, Gupta V, Sharma R, Mehta N, Mahapatra SC.(PubMed)
(2) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases following a short-term yoga-based lifestyleintervention: a non-pharmacological modulation by Yadav RK, Magan D, Yadav R, Sarvottam K, Netam R.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of a yoga program on glucose metabolism and blood lipid levels in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome by Nidhi R1, Padmalatha V, Nagarathna R, Ram A.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Black Bean, A Potent Whole Food For Ameliorated Risk and Treatment of Colon Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

People who turn to alternative medicine for treatment of disease in avoidance of adverse effects induced by conventional medicine should be patient. In compared to herbal medicine; food therapy even takes longer than six months to ease symptoms, depending to stages of the treatment which directly address to the cause of disease.

Intake of black bean and other common bean may associate to ameliorated risk of colon cancer, a joint study of renowned institute study suggested.

Black bean, a small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongings to the family Fabaceae can be bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms. It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.

Colon cancer is a condition characterized by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the colon.

In the study of 95 male F344 rats fed control (AIN) diets upon arrival at 4 and 5 weeks, then injected with AOM (15 mg/kg) or saline and one week later administered an AIN, BB-, or SF-based diet, at week 41 mice fed with BB- and SF-fed rats showed a higher inhibition of colon cancer cells through certain genes expression involved energy metabolism, modulated cellular apoptosis and immunity.

Dr. Rondini EA, the lead author said, " beans inhibit coloncarcinogenesis by modulating cellular kinetics and reducing inflammation, potentially by preserving mucosal barrier function."

Other in the study with rats fed a modified AIN-93G diet (control) or diets containing 75% black beans or 75% navy beans for 4 wk, and then colon cancer initiated by administration of two injections of azoxymethane 1 wk apart, after 2nd injection, rats fed the black bean (9%) showed a significantly increased 9% risk of colon cancer cell, im compared to 14% in navy bean diets than 36% in rats fed the control diet.

Further more, rats fed the black bean also showed a lower rate of total tumor multiplicity in compared to other 2 groups.

More importantly, black bean fed group not only reduced the risk factors in colon cancer developed by 44-75%, but also improved significantly less body fat and concentrations of butyrate in the distal colon in suppression of colonic inflammation induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and colorectal cancer.

In the findings of new phytochemicals in the black bean with action against various types of cancer, Dr. Dong M, the lead researcher at the Cornell University showeded that 14 out of 19 newly acquired flavonoids, showed potent antioxidant and antiproliferative activities against Caco-2 cell growth, the human colon cancer cell line.

Taking together, black bean may have therapeutic potential to become a pharmaceutical product in reduced risk and treatment of colon cancer. But further human trials are necessary for more validities.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Microarray Analyses of Genes Differentially Expressed by Diet (Black Beans and Soy Flour) during Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats by.Rondini EA1, Bennink MR.(PubMed)
(2) Consumption of black beans and navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) reduced azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats by Hangen L1, Bennink MR.(PubMed)
(3) Phytochemicals of black bean seed coats: isolation, structure elucidation, and their antiproliferative and antioxidative activities by Dong M1, He X, Liu RH.(PubMed)

Alternative Therapy: Yoga reduced Risk of Early Onset and Progression of Dementia

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Yoga may have a direct benefit in reduced risk of depressive symptoms and progression of dementia, a recent renowned joint study suggested.

Dementia is the loss of mental ability severed enough to interfere with people's every life. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people. About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age.

Yoga, the accident technique practice for harmonized external and internal body well being, through breath control, meditation, bodily movement and gesture..... has been well known for people in Western world and some parts in Asia due to health benefits reported by various respectable institutes' research and supported by health advocates.

According to the joint study led by the Stanford University, yoga may be one the physical exercise and alternative interventions to treat and reduce risk of cognitive decline and suppress.depression as modifiable risk factor in inducing cognitive decline and dementia.

Dr. Mathersul DC, the lead author said, "Notably, exercise and yoga are two interventions known to both reduce symptoms of depression and improve cognitive function".

In a total of 68 residents in long-term care facilities in southern Taiwan, aged 60 years and above with mild to moderate dementia selected with experimental group of 33 elders participated in a 12-weeks yoga training program of three 55-minute sessions a week; and a control group of 35 elders maintained their usual daily activities, yoga treatment group expressed a better mental and physical health including lowered blood pressure, reduced respiration rate, strengthened cardiopulmonary fitness, enhanced body flexibility, improved muscle strength and endurance, improved balance, and increased joints motion in compared control.

The yoga participated group also showed a significant improvement of the depression state and problem behaviors due to cognitive decline.

Additionally, in the searching of a total of 700 articles published from 1963 to 14th December 2016, 94 articles indicated that yoga might be considered as an effective adjuvant for the patients with various neurological disorders, including dementia.

Collectively, Yoga attended elder may have beneficiary in reduced risk of early onset and progression of neuro decline, accompaned with change of style and diet.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) The Roles of Exercise and Yoga in Ameliorating Depression as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline by Mathersul DC1, Rosenbaum S2.(PubMed)
(2) Using silver yoga exercises to promote physical and mental health of elders with dementia in long-term care facilities by Fan JT1, Chen KM.(PubMed)
(3) Evidence based effects of yoga in neurological disorders by Mooventhan A1, Nivethitha L2.(PubMed)

Herbal Therapy: Green Tea, The #1 Functional Food for Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


The use of plants for healing purposes hasbeen predated long before the existence of modern medicine. Herbal plants have formed a fundamental source for conventional medicine in discovery of single ingredient medication, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and morphine (from the opium poppy)......

A recent study conducted by renowned institute suggested that regular drinking of green tea may reduce risk of  prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine ,or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Metabolic syndrome is a biochemical and physiological factors associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

In a cross-sectional population-based survey including 8,821 adults (51.4% female) conducted in Krakow, Poland., both coffee and tea drinker showed a negatively associated with MetS (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66, 0.86 and OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67, 0.92, respectively).

The study also found that high tea consumers had lower BMI, waist circumference, but moderated decreased diastolic blood pressure,  as well as negatively correlated central obesity and fasting plasma glucose in women, but not in men, in compared low drinker, 

Other, in the study of dietary polyphenols, a major compound found in green tea including 8821 adults (51.4 % female), using food frequency questionnaires and matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database.conducted in Kraków, Poland, dietary polyphenol intake in the highest quartile was associated inversely to the development of MetS (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.64, 0.98 and OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.56, 0.86 for both men and women, respectively).
g
Dietary polyphenols in high quality showed a negative association of WC, blood pressure, high lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in women, and fasting plasma glucose in both gender..

Dr. Grosso G, the lead author said, "(Depending to types of polyphenols) phenolic acids and stilbenes were significantly associated with MetS; lignans and stilbenes with WC; phenolic acids with blood pressure and triglycerides; and flavonoids with fasting plasma glucose" and " Among specific subclasses of polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and dihydrochalcones had the most relevant role."

In support the role of used of polyphenol for treatment of Metabolic syndrome, in a total of 2725 participants free of hypertension at baseline tested for blood pressure or taking hypertensive medication within the last 2 weeks at 2-4-year follow-up visit was conducted by the Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, researchers showed that diet of highest quartile of total polyphenol intake was associated with 31% decreased risk of hypertension compared with the lowest intake (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48, 0.98) in women with no significant association in men.

The study also stated that most influential phytochemicals in reduced risk and treatment of metabolic syndrome ingredients are phenolic acids, hydroxycynnamic acids as they showed a independently associated to lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47, 0.93) in comparison to others.

Taking together, green tea with major chemical compounds of polyphenol  may be used as functional foods in prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Sources
(1) Association of daily coffee and tea consumption and metabolic syndrome: results from the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study by Grosso G1,2, Stepaniak U3, Micek A3, Topor-Mądry R3, Pikhart H4, Szafraniec K3, Pająk A3.(PubMed)
(2) Dietary polyphenols are inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in Polish adults of the HAPIEE study by Grosso G1,2, Stepaniak U3, Micek A3, Stefler D4, Bobak M4, Pająk A3.(PubMed)
(3) Dietary polyphenol intake and risk of hypertension in the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study by Grosso G1,2, Stepaniak U3, Micek A3, Kozela M3, Stefler D4, Bobak M4, Pajak A3.(PubMed)

Alternative Therapy: Yoga, the Ancient Technique for reduced Risk and Treatment of Prenatal Depression

Kyle J. Norton

Good news to all pregnant mothers's yoga participants, attended yoga lesson may improve physical and mental health of both mother and fetus as well as reduced risk and management of prenatal depression, the renowned joint study suggested.

Yoga is a ancient practical technique of India, included breath control, meditation, bodily movement and gesture,..... with an aim to achieve harmonization of the body, mind, and spirit.

Depression is a normal response as part of our daily lives such as the loss of s job, the death of a love one, and illness. Over 30 million Americans suffer from depression and the amount is increasing in an alarming rate. Depression may be a mental health disorder that can affect the way you eat, sleep, and the way you feel about yourself.

According to the Second Military Medical University, in a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO from all retrieved articles, yoga participant group showed a significantly reduced levels of depression.

In comparison (SMD, -0.46; CI, -0.90 to -0.03; p = 0.04) to controlled group to non-depressed women (SMD, -0.87; CI, -1.22 to -0.52; p < 0.00001) and depression women group, in compared to control,  yoga group expressed a statistically significant lower of depression, particularly in depressive symptoms of prenatally depressed women.

Dr. Gong H lhe lead researcher of the joint study said, "There were two kinds of yoga: the physical-exercise-based yoga and integrated yoga, which, besides physical exercises, included pranayama, meditation or deep relaxation. " and " the level of depression was significantly decreased in the integrated yoga group (SMD, -0.79; CI, -1.07 to -0.51; p < 0.00001) but not significantly reduced in physical-exercise-based yoga group (SMD, -0.41; CI, -1.01 to -0.18; p = 0.17)".

Additionally, a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing a prenatal yoga intervention to perinatal-focused health education in pregnant women with depression, also suggested that although both group experience the same efficacy in reduced symptoms of depression, participants favored yoga.

In another larger scale RCT, prenatal yoga group also experienced a remarkable improvement of mood during pregnancy.

Furthermore, a 10-week prenatal yoga program for antenatal depression, accompanying yoga instructors' manual of 34 depressed pregnant women from the community, also indicated that prenatal yoga intervention significantly decreased the severity of participants' depression.

According to the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, prenatal yoga may be a best solution in addressing prenatal depression, as they are acceptable and favorable by most of the participants. 

Taking altogether, yoga lessons no doubt can be used as integrated form of exercise in reduced risk and management of prenatal depression, especially for pregnant women with previous syndrome.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Yoga for prenatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Gong H1, Ni C2, Shen X3, Wu T4, Jiang C5.(PubMed)
(2) A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing prenatal yoga to perinatal health education for antenatal depression by Uebelacker LA1,2,3, Battle CL4,5,6, Sutton KA7, Magee SR1,3, Miller IW1(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Maternal Coffee Caffeine Intake Increased Risk of Low birth Weight?

By Kyle J. Norton



Maternal coffee caffeine intake during pregnancy is found to associated to increased risk of low birth weight (birth weight <2,500 g), a 2014 study suggested.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

In the reviewed literature of 13 prospective studies, coffee caffeine intake at very low levels during pregnancy showed a relative risk of lower weight of 1.13 in compared to healthy weight.

The relative risk of infants born with lower birth weight in moderate intake (150 to 349 mg/day) and high intake (≥350 mg/day) of mothers during pregnancy were 1.38 and 1.60, respectively.

Risk of low birth weight increased substantially to additional 13% for each 100-mg/day increment, intake, according to the dose-response analysis.

Dr. Chen LW,, the lead researchers said, "Higher maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of delivering low birth weight infants. These findings support recommendations to restrict caffeine intake during pregnancy to low levels".

Also, in review of the data base to examine the association between caffeine consumption during pregnancy and risk of LBW, published on PubMed and EMBASE up to March 2014, by using the random-effects model of  twelve studies researchers found that risk of low birth weight in compared to the highest versus lowest level of caffeine intake expressed a pooled odd ratio of 1.38.

In Linear dose-response analysis, additional 100 mg of caffeine intake (1 cup of coffee or 2 cups of tea) per day during pregnancy was associated with a 3.0% increase odd ratio risk to LBW.

With all information collected, The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in the study with same subjects, insisted that high caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in the risk of LBW, and this risk appears to increase linearly as caffeine intake increases.

Finally, according to the University of British Columbia, some of the studies with a low quality, small sample and wide confidence interval may afflict the outcome of the studies, there is a need to conduct high-quality, double-blinded RCTs to determine whether caffeine has any effect on pregnancy outcome.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Author biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with risk of low birth weight: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis by Chen LW, Wu Y, Neelakantan N, Chong MF, Pan A, van Dam RM.(PubMed)
(2) Maternal Caffeine Consumption during Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies by Rhee J1, Kim R2, Kim Y2, Tam M3, Lai Y4, Keum N5, Oldenburg CE6.(PubMed)
(3) Effects of restricted caffeine intake by mother on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes by Jahanfar S1, Jaafar SH.(PubMed)