Saturday, 26 April 2014

Button mushroom and Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found one of the natural food used in many different cultures with a potential in reduced risk and protected against CVD.

Strong evidences through epidemiological studies suggested that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is strongly associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)(7)(8)(9). Dietary fungi, such as, mushrooms, can protect against chronic disease by altering inflammatory environments through inhibition of cellular processes under pro-inflammatory conditions which are associated with CVD(2)(3).

According to Dr. Martin KR., ergothioneine (ERT), a novel antioxidant, presented in edible mushrooms, accumulated through diet was found effective in interrupted pro-inflammatory induction of adhesion molecule expression associated with atherogenesis(1).

Mushroom, a standard name of white button mushroom, the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source, contains several important nutrients including Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5),  Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Selenium, Iron, Copper and Zinc which are necessary to maintain the growth, body functions as well as protected against chronic diseases.

Its antioxidants such as Astraodorol, Psilocybin, Lectin, adustin, ribonuclease, nicotine, etc. may also consist the magic power in reduced risk and treatment of vary types of cancer, including colon(4), breast and gastric cancers(5) through inhibition of cell cycle arrest, significant suppression of  cellular proliferation, in tested cancer cell lines.

These findings showed to support the notion of dietary mushrooms in protection of CVD, but multi canters and large sample size studies to identify the main ingredients comparable to current medicine used are necessary to improve its validation.

But, the study of University of Gdańsk, in the reviews and updates data on macro and trace elements and radionuclides in edible wild-grown and cultivated mushrooms suggested that the coexistence of
minerals of nutritional value collected from natural habitats, and co-occurrence with some hazardous elements including Cd, Pb, Hg, Ag, As, and radionuclides should be taken certain precautions(6).


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References
(1) The bioactive agent ergothioneine, a key component of dietary mushrooms, inhibits monocyte binding to endothelial cells characteristic of early cardiovascular disease by Martin KR.(PubMed)
(2) Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment by Martin KR.(PubMed)
(3) Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks. by Falandysz J1, Borovička J.(PubMed)
(4) Intracellular trafficking and release of intact edible mushroom lectin from HT29 human colon cancer cells Lu-Gang Yu1, David G. Fernig2 an Jonathan M. Rhodes (The Febs Journal)
(5) Commonly consumed and specialty dietary mushrooms reduce cellular proliferation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by Martin KR1, Brophy SK.(PubMed)
(6) Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks. by Falandysz J1, Borovička J.(PubMed)
(7) Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data by Oyebode O1, Gordon-Dseagu V, Walker A, Mindell JS.(PubMed)
(8) Seasonal consumption of salad vegetables and fresh fruit in relation to the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer by Cox BD1, Whichelow MJ, Prevost AT.(PubMed)
(9) Intakes of fruits, vegetables and carbohydrate and the risk of CVD by Joshipura KJ1, Hung HC, Li TY, Hu FB, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Willett WC.(PubMed)

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