#Omega-3 Fatty Acids Inhibits the Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of chronic disease caused by irregular cell growth in the tissue or specific organ in the body due to the alternation of cell DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, most cancers not can induce common symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomforts, unintended weight loss, loss of appetite, and fatigue but also localized symptoms depending on the affected tissues and organs.


The ovaries are oval-shaped ovum-producing reproductive organs formed part of women's reproductive system that connects to the fallopian tubes and attaches to the outer layer of the uterus via the ovarian ligament. Usually, the left and right ovaries take a turn releasing an egg every month.


In other words, the main functions of the ovary play a critical role in producing oocytes (eggs) for fertilization and reproductive growth hormones, estrogen, and progesterone.


According to the statistics, ovarian cancer is one of the fifth most common cancer, accounting for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system in the US.

The lifetime risk of getting ovarian cancer in a woman is about 1 in 78. compared to the lifetime of dying from ovarian cancer risk of 1 in 108.

The exact causes of ovarian cancer are not identified. However, epidemiological studies suggested that women who have endometriosis, genetic preposition such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene, and acquired genetic mutation such as the TP53 tumor suppressor gene are susceptible to the substantial risk of the development of the disease.

Besides sharing the common symptoms of other types of cancer, most ovarian cancer patients may experience symptoms of discomfort in the pelvic area, and changes in bowel habits, such as constipation. and a frequent need to urinate.

According to the statistics provided by the Canadian Cancer Society, in Canada, the 5-year net survival for ovarian cancer is 45%.

In other words, on average, 45% of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer will survive for at least 5 years.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of cancer, researchers investigated the effect of OM-3FAs on epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines.

According to the results of 3 epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV-3 [p53 null], TOV-21G [wt p53], and OVCAR-3 [mutant p53]) and one immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cell line (IOSE-29 [wt p53]) treated with OM-3FAs, OM-3FAs showed a statistically significant inhibitory effect in all four cell lines.

Furthermore, in the p53 null and mutant cell lines, SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3, the application of OM-3FAs showed inhibitory activity without inducing apoptosis and down-regulated expression of VEGF.

However, the apoptosis and/or VEGF down-regulation was strongly evident in the wt p53 cell lines TOV-21G and IOSE-29.

Collectively, researchers said, "under the influence of OM-3FAs, there are definitive growth-suppressive mechanisms at work and that the biologic effects of OM-3FAs may in part be mediated by the p53 status".

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered a functional food for the treatment of ovarian cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional's Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The effects of Omega-3 fatty acids on growth regulation of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines by Sharma A1, Belna J, Logan J, Espat J, Hurteau JA. (PubMed)
(2) Intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and risk of ovarian cancer by Ibiebele TI1, Nagle CM, Bain CJ, Webb PM. (PubMed)

Beta-Sitosterol Improves the Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption

By Kyle J. Norton

Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is produced either by the liver or injected from animal food sources.

Cholesterol found in our body is needed to build cell walls, hormones, and vitamin D, and create bile salts that aid digestion. However, too much of them, in most cases due to the intake of animal protein can cause plaques to build up on the arterial wall, the major cause of heart disease and stroke.

More precisely, if levels of low-density lipoprotein are high compared to high-density lipoprotein which returns the accessed cholesterol back to the liver, you have high blood cholesterol.

Lipid metabolism is the breakdown of lipids in cells for energy.

The intestines formed part of the digestive system including the small and large intestines are long, continuous tubes running from the stomach to the anus.

The small intestine demonstrated 90% of the digestion and absorption of food compared to only 10% in the stomach and large intestine.

More precisely, the large intestine not only plays an essential in the recovery of water and electrolytes, formation, but also storage of feces and fermentation of some of the indigestible food matter by bacteria.

The intestinal cholesterol absorption includes two main phases, according to Medscape, "The first takes place in the lumen and involves digestion and hydrolysis of dietary lipids followed by solubilization of cholesterol in mixed micelles containing bile acid and phospholipids. This solubilization facilitates the movement of cholesterol from the bulk phase of the lumen to the surface of the enterocyte".

And, "In the second phase, cholesterol crosses the mucosal cell membrane by simple diffusion, and probably by facilitated diffusion as well".

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, and buckwheat. etc.

In finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention of diseases involving hyper cholesterol researchers investigated the anti-hyper cholesterol activity of β-sitosterol (BSS).

The study included rabbits that were fed either 10% coconut oil, 10% coconut oil and 1% beta-sitosterol, 10% coconut oil, and 1% cholesterol, or 10% coconut oil and 1% beta-sitosterol plus 1% cholesterol for 4 weeks.
According to the results of the experiment,
* Microsomal membranes from the intestines of animals fed the 1% beta-sitosterol diet had 48% less cholesterol compared to membranes from animals fed the coconut oil diet.
* The acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity that forms cholesteryl esters from cholesterol in jejunum and ileum was decreased significantly in animals fed the plant sterol alone.

In the membranes from animals fed 1% beta-sitosterol and 1% cholesterol, beta-sitosterol content showed an increase of 50% whereas cholesterol was modestly decreased compared to their controls fed only cholesterol.

Furthermore, animals fed 1% beta-sitosterol, did not interfere with the stimulation of ACAT activity secondary to cholesterol enrichment of the membranes.

Most importantly, freshly isolated intestinal cells incubated for 1 hour with [(3)H]oleic acid and beta-sitosterol: DPPC or 25-hydroxycholesterol: DPPC incorporation of oleic acid into cholesteryl esters did not change in the presence of beta-sitosterol but increased fourfold after the addition of 25-hydroxycholesterol, an indication of improved immune functioning.

Based on the results, researchers wrote, "the CoA-dependent esterification rate of cholesterol is at least 60 times greater than that of beta-sitosterol. Membrane beta-sitosterol does not interfere with nor competes with cholesterol esterification"

And "Inadequate esterification of this plant sterol may play a role in the poor absorption of beta-sitosterol by the gut.".

Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the improvement of intestinal cholesterol absorption, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) beta-sitosterol: esterification by intestinal acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and its effect on cholesterol esterification by Field FJ, Mathur SN. (PubMed)
(2) The Intestinal Absorption of Biliary and Dietary Cholesterol as a Drug Target for Lowering the Plasma Cholesterol Level by Stephen D. Turley, PhD, John M. Dietschy, MD. (Medscape)

#Healthyfood #Green Tea Ameliorates Symptoms and Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA), According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in reduced symptoms and progression
regarding Rheumatoid Arthritis, some institutes suggested

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body.

According to statistics, In the US, approximately, 90 million adults and children suffered directly from arthritis, inducing social and economic consequences to over 240 million people who are having a family member affected by the disease.

The disease was also found to infect a third of those aged 18-64.

Although the disease is caused by an immune defense attacking the body's healthy tissue, researchers today are not sure what triggers the abnormal function. But they do know that certain risk factors are associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, including genetic alternation, as people with certain genes are more likely to develop RA, geographic factors as RA is rare in less developed and rural parts of the world, hormone factor as RA is more common in women than in men,.... and family history.

Other risk factors including smoking, people with certain medical conditions such as autoimmune disease, unhealthy diets such as high in red meat and less in fruits and vegetables, and physical inactivity also promote the early onset of RA.

The Karolinska Institutet in the study of the risk factors of RA wrote, "nongenetic risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, parity, silica exposure, body mass index, fatty fish consumption, and education), and genetic risk factors (shared epitope [SE] and 76 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs])" and "....many (familial) risk factors remain to be identified, in particular for seronegative RA"(4).

The results of chronic inflammation caused by the immune attacking the joints, inducing over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to damage of cells in the inflammatory site and nearby healthy cells, including bone, cartilage, tendons,.... and ligaments,

Untreated chronic joint inflammation can also cause complications of total destruction of joint tissue.

If you experience symptoms of joint pain, tenderness, swelling, redness, stiffness,.... restriction, or loss of joint range of motion, you may have RA.

Green tea, a precious drink processed a number of health benefits and is known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

According to the joint study led by Washington State University College of Pharmacy, green tea showed to ameliorate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including (IL-6 and IL-8) and Cox-2 in primary human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), through the effects of its phytochemical compounds of EGCG and EGC antioxidant activities.

IL-6 and IL-8 are pro-inflammatory cytokines activated by a systematic immune response in preventing damage to tissue in the acute phase of infection. Prolonged over-expression of IL6 and IL8 can cause damage to cells in the infectious region as well as surrounding healthy cells.

Cox-2 are prostaglandins with function in mediated pathogenic infection, including the inflammatory response.

Dr. Fechtner S, the lead researcher said," EGCG is the most effective catechin at inhibiting downstream inflammatory signaling, its effectiveness could be hindered by the presence of (epicatechin) EC".

In the investigation of the anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model with orally/daily distilled water as placebo, indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg body weight; a non-steroidal/anti-inflammatory drug), or tea aqueous extracts (for 28 or 14 consecutive days administrated from day 0 or 14 of arthritis induction, respectively), researchers found that group treats with a high dose of GTE (from day 0) significantly alleviated (P < 0.05-0.001) the progression and all complications induced by rheumatoid arthritis in compared to placebo.

More importantly, researchers also found that the expression of the anti-arthritic activity of the high dose of GTE (from day 0) was mediated by significantly decreasing the systemic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of chemokine receptor-5, a protein in activated immune activities in the in synovial tissues, was comparable (P > 0.05) with that of indomethacin (12.9-53.8 vs. 9.5-48.4%, respectively).

Furthermore, the anti-arthritic potency of tea aqueous extracts was dosed dependent on the order of high dose of GTE > low dose of GTE ≥ high dose of BTE > low dose of BTE.

Another study suggested that green tea extract reduced symptoms and risk of complications probably the result of regulating chemokine(a family of cytokines secreted by cells) production in an immune reaction and chemokine receptor expression in interaction with proinflammatory cytokines of human RA synovial fibroblasts in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA).

Taken together, green tea may be served as a functional food to reduce symptoms and risk of complications for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional's Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Molecular insights into the differences in anti-inflammatory activities of green tea catechins on IL-1β signaling in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by Fechtner S1, Singh A1, Chourasia M2, Ahmed S3.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis by Ramadan G1, El-Beih NM1, Talaat RM2, Abd El-Ghffar EA1.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea extract inhibits chemokine production, but up-regulates chemokine receptor expression, in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and rat adjuvant-induced arthritis by Marotte H1, Ruth JH, Campbell PL, Koch AE, Ahmed S.(PubMed)
(4) To what extent is the familial risk of rheumatoid arthritis explained by established rheumatoid arthritis risk factors? by Jiang X1, Frisell T, Askling J, Karlson EW, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L, Källberg H(PubMed)