A Beverage, That Suppresses the Incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition


Total caffeinated coffee intake daily is associated to non risk factor but attenuated risk of incidence of rheumatoid arthritis, the joint study by the Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston and a Asian study, suggested, respectively.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic immune disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues in the body.

In other words, the synovial membrane that protects and lubricates joints are inflamed, causing pain and swelling. But what trigger these attacks are still debatable.

The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing diminished physical activity and quality of life of many people.

According to statistic, 1% of the global population are affected by the disease. In the US, based on rates of RA from a 1995 Minnesota study and 2005 Census data, the prevalent risk  is lower with  approximately 1.29 million or 0.6% of the population.

Some researchers suggested that  Rheumatoid Arthritis can induce bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation(4). 

According to a cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, researchers showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes(5).

The joint study conducted lead by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Victoria Hospital, the misdiagnosis of the atypical infections versus inflammatory conditions of the hand due to some similarity to inflammatory conditions regarding their clinical and imaging finding is rare but delay diagnosis can increase risk of severe bone and joint destruction, and higher morbidity(6).

Truly, some reseachers believed that habitual coffee consumption are associated to risk of RA. 

Women who have never drunk coffee before showed an increased risk of RA if daily intake of decaffeinated coffee is over 4 cups.

Dr. Mikuls TR, the lead author said, "Decaffeinated coffee intake is independently and positively associated with RA onset" and "Further investigations of decaffeinated coffee and tea intake as arthritis risk factors are needed to verify these findings and explore their biologic basis".

However, according to the study of Korea University Anam Hospital, caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee consumption are not risk factors of RA.

In the follow up study of 83,124 women, completed the FFQ at baseline, the diagnosis of incident RA(between 1980 and 2000) with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed every 4 years, from baseline in 1980 through 1998, researchers found that
* Decaffeinated coffee consumption of >/=4 cups/day (compared with no decaffeinated coffee consumption) showed no subsequent risk of incident RA.

* There was no relationship of incidence of RA or reduced incidence RA in caffeinated coffee consumption, regardless to numbers of cup intake daily.

* Total coffee and total caffeine consumption were also not associated with the risk of RA.

And coffee intake showed a statistically clinical value in attenuated risk of RA.

According to the Korea University College of Medicine, the numbers of coffee intake daily in reduced RA incidence were substantially different in number studies.

The highest category of coffee intake in Heliovaara et al. cohort study from Finland was up to 13 cups per day, while US studies was > 4 cups coffee intake per day.

The study also emphasized that caffeine showed no significant association of RA incidence in compared to caffeinated coffee consumption in ameliorated risk RA incidence.

Furthermore, the study in valuated coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) onset among older women, indicated that risk of RA is reduced substantially with drinking > 3 cups/day of decaffeinated coffee in compared to non drinkers.

Interestingly, women who have never drunk coffee before showed an increased risk of RA if daily intake of decaffeinated coffee is over 4 cups.

Collectively, the finding evidences suggested that caffeinated coffee intake is not an independent risk factor but a reduced risk parameters for onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence, depending to numbers of cup consumption per day.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.



Sources
(1) Coffee or tea consumption and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis by Lee YH1, Bae SC, Song GG.(PubMed)
(2) Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study by Mikuls TR1, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Merlino L, Mudano AS, Burma M, Folsom AR, Saag KG.(PubMed)
(3) Coffee consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis by Karlson EW1, Mandl LA, Aweh GN, Grodstein F.(PubMed)
(4) Serum Sclerostin Level Among Egyptian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Relation to Disease Activity ,Bone Mineral Density and Radiological Grading by Mehaney DA, Eissa M, Anwar S, El-Din SF(PubMed)
(5) Death rates and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study by Sihvonen S1, Korpela M, Laippala P, Mustonen J, Pasternack A(PubMed)

(6) Atypical Infections versus Inflammatory Conditions of the Hand: The Role of Imaging in Diagnosis by Soldatos T1, Omar H, Sammer D, Chhabra A.(PubMed)

Beware of The Major Side Effect of Kidney Beans Intake - Severe Intestinal Atrophy, Medline Studies Reveal

By Kyle J. Norton, Scholar, Master of Nutrition


The use of plants for healing purposes have been predated long before the existence of modern medicine.

Herbal plants have formed a fundamental source for conventional medicine in discovery of single ingredient medication, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and morphine (from the opium poppy)......

Intestinal atrophy is the abnormality of small intestine mucous membrane, in most cases caused by bacterial infection.

However, certain diseases such as Celiac disease may precipitate the occurrence of intestinal atrophy.

If  a patient incidentally consume foods containing the protein gluten, the allergic foods may trigger immune over expression in attacking the intestinal villi.


Intestinal atrophy can also be caused by intake of certain medication, including immune suppressors, such as imuran, antibiotics such as neomycin, and the anti-inflammatory medication such as colcrys,........

Patients in the early stage of the condition may only experience some abdominal discomforts.

As the infection progress, infectious persons may develop diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and fatigue.

Some researchers suggested, intestinal atrophy is a serious condition, as the ‘villi’ or ‘microvilli’, damage to some extents, the condition may increase risk of  intestinal permeability and most autoimmune diseases.

According to the Josai University, glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant found in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea may have a profound effect in reduced expression through enhances jejunal regenerative potential to minimize intestinalmucosal atrophy by diminishing fasting-mediated ROS generation and intestinal lining cells apoptosis and enhancing cell proliferation(4)..

These result suggested that oral glutathione (GSH) administration processes a strong activity in alleviated the effects of fasting-induced intestinal atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa.

Intake of kidney beans may result in increased risk of the developed intestinal atrophy, some scientists suggested.

Kidney beans with kidney shape, strong flavor and color of reddish brown in nature are often the excellent dietary selection with no cholesterol, but a good source of protein and minerals.

According to the University of Utrecht, animal fed with kidney bean induced mucosal atrophy microscopically causing atrophy and dissection of the intestinal villus in association to lengthen crypts with cells in increased mitotic activity in compared to than normal tissues.


In compared to control, kidney bean intake significantly decreased the goblet cells in secrete gel-forming mucins, the major components of mucus but increased in the crypt region, a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small intestine and large intestine.

Dr. Kik MJ, the lead author of the study said, " feeding Phaseolus vulgaris beans reduced the digestive and absorptive capacity of the mucosa, resulting in weight loss and diarrhea in affected pigs".

In randomized study with mice fed to chow, elemental diet, elemental diet plus concanavalin-A and elemental diet plus phytohaemagglutinin groups, group fed phytohaemagglutinin showed a strong effect of chemical compound lectin in inducing cell proliferation in the small intestine and crypt fission of the middle and distal small intestine in compared to other groups.


The study also showed that phytohaemagglutinin with high amount of lectin also induced intestinal atrophy by affecting the gastric function and mobility through increased secretion of hormone in regulated gastric acid (HCl).

In fact, the effects of lectins cause of significant gastric trophy on the small intestine and colon may be vary between different sites in the gastrointestinal tract.

In support to the above analysis, the Christian-Albrechts-Universität study with 30 day old male rats pairfed for 10 days with lactalbumin as a control diet or lactalbumin plus PHA or purified soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) as a positive control (42 mg/rat/day) with or without 20 micrograms of the cholecystokinin A (CCK-A) antagonist MK 329, researchers found that oral administration of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in rats dose dependently induces growth of the small intestine through significantly increased CCK plasma levels from 0.75 to 6.67 (SEM 2.23) compared with 2.3 (0.35) pM in the control group.

The result of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) intake in exhibit the intestine atrophy may be attributed to the lectin levels in increased production of hormone cholecystokinin in stimulated additional release of bile into the intestine.

Taking together, intake of kidney bean should be taken with care with patients with digestive problems as level of lectin may induce intestinal atrophy.


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Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Pathologic changes of the small intestinal mucosa of pigs after feeding Phaseolusvulgaris beans by Kik MJ1, Huisman J, van der Poel AF, Mouwen JM(PubMed)
(2) Lectins can reverse the dsstal intestinal atrophy associated with elemental diets in mice M by SASAKI*, A. J. FITZGERALD*, G. GRANT , M. A. GHATEIà, N. A. WRIGHT* & R. A. GOODLAD§(Wiley online Library)
(3) Red kidney bean lectin is a potent cholecystokinin releasing stimulus in the rat inducing pancreatic growth byK-H Herziga, S Bardoczc, G Grantc, R Nustedeb, U R Fölscha, A Pusztaic(BMJ Journals)

Detoxification - How to Detox and Nourish Your Colon for Optimal Health

By Kyle J. Norton

Western diet contains high saturated fat, trans fat, and other harmful substances such as sugar, caffeine, pesticides, additive substances, and less in fruits and vegetables.

Environment natural occurring compounds such as lead; mercury; radon, formaldehyde; benzene; and cadmium.and man made compounds such as BPA phthalates and pesticides accumulated without notices by the host also can cause endocrine disruption and organs failure.

Toxins can also be accumulated due to long term intake of certain conventional medicine such as Amiodarone (Cordarone), antibiodicts, diuresis,.... and betablockers, anti-depressants and cytotoxic drugs or cytostatics used for treatment of cancers.

These types of harmful substances are toxic. In order to protect and maintain normal function of out body, everyday, our body's detoxifying organs must work overtime to get rid of them.

However, if they fail, these toxins may cause a disruption of hormone production, damage of our body's detoxification organs and weakening of our immune system, resulting in hormone imbalance and development of chronic illness.

Herbal medicine have a strong effect in colon cleansing, including

1. Flax seed
Flax seed containing high amounts of omega 3 fatty acid, fiber and lignan not only helps in controlling cholesterol in the blood stream and provides essential nutrition to our body, its fiber also  soften the stool and promote bowel movements for relief of constipation by removing all toxins accumulated in the colon.

According to the study by the Mercer University, Atlanta, flax seed with abundant Omega-3 fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exerted a significant effect in protect the colon health through heightening colonic free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) and actin expression with function in mobility and contraction of cells during cell division, and reducing expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α compared to animals fed control diets(1).

Dr. Gomides AF, at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora in the investigation of the effect in
defatted flaxseed meal and risk precancerous colon lesions in C57BL/6 mice said, 'The rats consuming defatted flaxseed meals showed lesions with lower multiplicity and a reduced incidence of lesions".

Some researchers also suggested that adding a portion of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and its total non-digestible fraction may have a strong effect in inhibited azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon (toxicity) cancer in Sprague Dawley rats(3).

2. Psyllium Psyllium
Psyllium Psyllium contains about 70% soluble fiber and 30% insoluble fiber.

Besides having proven record in Chinese medicine in treating high levels of cholesterol, its fiber portion also are used to treat constipation by softening stools and easing bowel movements .

According to the joint study lead by the Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, in the investigation of interactions between dietary ingredients, nutrients, and the microbiota in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice showed that application of all tested fibers reduces the severity of colitis in SPF mice, but not in GF mice or mice given antibiotics.

In compared to other tested fiber, psyllium fiber reduced the severity of colitis effects through improvement of microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent mechanisms.

If used combinatorial perturbations to dietary casein protein, psyllium fiber exerted a significant effect in reduced intestinal permeability, gut microbial density, and development of intestinal inflammation.

Truly, higher intakes of dietary fiber are linked to improvement of gut health.

Some researchers also suggested, "fiber undergoes partial or total fermentation in the distal small bowel and colon leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids and gas, thereby affecting gastrointestinal function and sensation"(5).

3. Bentonite clay or liquid clay
Bentonite clay is a natural clay that comes from volcanic ash.

 Taken internally, the adsorbent action of bentonite eliminates and removes toxic material from the intestine.

According to the study by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, bentonite clay may be used as a detoxifying agent because of its poly-cationic nature(6),

In T-2 is a trichothecene mycotoxin, injection of bentonite for 2 weeks before T-2 toxicosis, showed a a significant increase in fecal excretion of this toxin(6)

Further more,  bentonite may be used in humans as a dietary intervention to prevent and cure aflatoxin toxicity.if it does not affect the serum concentrations of important vitamins and nutrient minerals in humans(6).

4. Buckthorn bark
Buckthorn bark is native to Europe and parts of western Asia.

The herb contains anthraquinones that stimulate intestinal movement by easing water to the intestines. These results suggested that uckthorn bark may resulti have a strong impact in softened stool and removed toxins accumulated in the intestine.

In the article posted at the Whole Health Chicago, the author wrote, "(anthraquinones) ease constipation. The compounds in buckthorn bark increase the colon’s ability to spontaneously contract. They also reduce water absorption by the intestines, which means more liquid is left in the colon. This produces larger volume and softer stools, which in turn eases constipation"(7)


5. Cascara sagrada
Cascara sagrada is known to tone the relaxed intestinal muscles in the digestive system.

Intake of cascare sagrada promotes the digestive process in prevention of  digestive dyfunction such as chronic constipation.

In the study to assess aloe-emodin anthrone (AEA), the major compound found in sascara sagrada in the rat colonic mucosa using a Ussing-type chamber, researcher showed that AEA is effective in absorption of enhancers such as pyrilamine, histamine H(1) receptor antagonist and ketotifen without damage of the colon membrane and causing cytotoxicity(8).

Dr. Kai M, the lead scientist, after taking into account of other co and con founders, said, " AEA stimulates mast cells within the colonic mucosa to release histamine, which probably bind to the H(1) receptor. The intracellular PKC route activated by H(1) receptor activation enhances the permeability of water-soluble and poorly permeable drugs via opening of tight junctions in rat colonic membrane"(8).

Finally, intake of herbal supplements should be taken with extreme care as acute liver toxicity has been reported in numbers of case. Please consult with your herbalist before applying.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
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Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) Fish oil and flax seed oil supplemented diets increase FFAR4 expression in the rat colon by Cheshmehkani A#1, Senatorov IS#1, Kandi P1, Singh M1, Britt A1, Hayslett R1, Moniri NH(PubMed)
(2) Use of defatted flaxseed meal reduces precancerous colon lesions in C57BL/6 mice by Gomides AF1, Paula SO, Rosa DD, Oliveira LL, Comastri DS, Peluzio Mdo C(PubMed)
(3) Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and its total non-digestible fraction influence the expression of genes involved in azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats by Hernández-Salazar M1, Guevara-González RG, Cruz-Hernández A, Guevara-Olvera L, Bello-Pérez LA, Castaño-Tostado E, Loarca-Piña G(PubMed).
(4) Interactions Between Diet and the Intestinal Microbiota Alter Intestinal Permeability and Colitis Severity in Mice by Llewellyn SR1, Britton GJ1, Contijoch EJ1, Vennaro OH1, Mortha A2, Colombel JF3, Grinspan A3, Clemente JC1, Merad M4, Faith JJ(PubMed)
(5) Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders by Eswaran S1, Muir J, Chey WD(PubMed)
(6) Bentonite Clay as a Natural Remedy: A Brief Review by Maryam MOOSAVI(PMC)
(7) Buckthorn Bark, Whole Health Chicago
(8) Permeation-enhancing effect of aloe-emodin anthrone on water-soluble and poorly permeable compounds in rat colonic mucosa by Kai M1, Hayashi K, Kaida I, Aki H, Yamamoto M(PubMed)

Infectious Diseases: The Herbs That Suppress Over Growth of Candida, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton, Scholar, Master of Nutrition

Candida albicans are members of a large group of micro organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast(2)(3), fungi(4)(5)(6), and mold(6) that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract.

Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species cause 35-65% of all candidaemias in the general patient population(1).

According to joint study, in many cases, biofilm(microorganisms with cells stick to each other on a surface) formation(7) gene mutations(8) and overexpression of genes(9)(10) are often associated with increased candida resistance toward antifungal drugs.


Herbalism or phytotherapy is a traditional medicine used botany and plants for treatment of a variety of ailments. Today, it has become increasingly important for many scientists who intent to find the natural agents with the same effectiveness as conventional medicine without inducing serious side effects.

However, the finding of these whole food medication have been facing many obstacles including limited financial support, because, the discovery of such plants will provide no commercial benefit and patent right to producers.

According to Dr. Marjorie Murphy Cowan in the study of "Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents" said, "While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as antimicrobials. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions" and " Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties"(a).

Western medicine is trying to duplicate herbal successes with the synthetic version for patent right without using the whole herb ingredients which have caused over expression of serious adverse effects.

ROS species have duo functions that are well documented for playing an important role in our body as both beneficial and deleterious molecules in expression of cytotoxicity against abnormal cells alternation and initiation of chronic ailments such as over growth of candida by causing imbalance of the ratio among antioxidants and free radicals, respectively.

In free radical over expression initiated over growth candida, certain herb-derived compounds exerted a strong antioxidant effect that target Candida and restore health and balance.

According to the Jamia Millia Islamia, diallyldisulphide (DADS), an important organosulphur compound found in garlic inhibited the over growth of candida through decreasing activity of all antioxidant enzymes except catalase in Candida species antioxidant system.

These result suggested that application of diallyldisulphide (DADS) caused increase of oxidative stress and damage to the fungal cells(b).

The Anti Over Growth of Candida Herbal Medicine
1. Berberis
Berberis is a genus of about 450-500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1-5 m tall with thorny shoots, belongings to the family Berberidaceae, native to the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. Europe has a few species, and North America only two. The stem, root bark, and fruit of barberry containing alkaloids and berberine have been used in traditional medicine or dietary supplement, to treat fungal infections(270), candida albicans(270), yeast(271), parasites, and bacterial/viral infections(270).

Berberine may also enhance the immune system through its antioxidant activity(272) by preventing candida yeasts from producing lipase(273)(274), an enzyme used to help them in colonization(274) and induced infection(274).

2. Clover(Trifolium)
Clover used as a spice in cuisines all over the world, is the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the Syzygium, belongings to the family Myrtaceae, native to Indonesia. Tellimagrandin II, in clover oil exhibited significantly anti-herpesvirus(275) and anti-oxidant(275)(276) properties and antiseptic property through phytochemical eugenol(277) used in dentistry to relieve pain(277), prevent bacterial infection(278) and boost immune system(279).

3. Goldenseal((Hydrastis Canadensis)
Goldenseal is a perennial herb in the species of Hydrastis canadensis, belongings to the family Ranunculaceae, native to southeastern Canada and northeastern United States, used widely in traditional medicine to treat functional disorders of gastrointestine(280), including atonic dyspepsia, chronic constipation, liver toxicity(281), etc.

Berberine, a compound found in goldenseal has demonstrated significant anti-fungal activity(282)(283)(284) by preventing candida yeasts from producing lipase, an enzyme involved in colonization.

4. Oregano(Origanum vulgare) Oil
Oregano is a common species of Origanum, belongings to the family Lamiaceae, native to warm-temperate western and southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region.

Carvacrol, a monoterpenoid phenol phytochemical found in oregano oil inhibited the growth of several bacteria strains(285), including candida albicans due to its antimicrobial properties that disrupt the bacteria membrane(286).

5. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of trees from the genus Cinnamomum, belongings to the family Lauraceae, used in traditional medicine to treat digestive system disorder(287)(289), insulin sensitive(288)(290) and enhance the immune system in regulated cells growth due to its antioxidant activity(290).

The cinnamon essential oil has antimicrobial properties(291)(292), which can prevent, limit or destroy the fungal overgrowth(293).

6. Allspice
Allspice also called Jamaica pepper is a spice of dried unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, belongings to the family Myrtaceae, native to the southern Mexico and Central America. The herb has been used in folk medicine in relieving indigestion and gas(294) and as a deodorant.

Phenylpropene found in allspice volatile oils has shown to exhibit an antimicrobial property(295), including candida albicans(296)

7. Lavender(Lavandula angustifolia)
The lavender is a genus Lavandula of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae, originated in Asia, used in herbal medicine to treat microbial infection(297) for the skin and reduce inflammation(298)(299).

Its essential oil components linalool and linalyl acetate showed both fungistatic and fungicidal activity(300)(301) against C. albicans strains in reducing fungal progression and the spread of infection in host tissue(301).

8. Chamomile
Chamomile is a common name for several daisy-like plants, genus Matricaria belongings to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and western Asia used in traditional medicine to aid sleep(302), treat diarrhea(303) and reduce oxidative stress(304). Chamomile containing high amount of flavonoids is best known for its antioxidant(303), such as anti septic and anti biotic properties against virus bacteria invasion(305)(306(307)) including candida ablicans(308).

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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Sources
(a) Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents by Marjorie Murphy Cowan(PMC)
(b) Effect of diallyldisulphide on an antioxidant enzyme system in Candida species by Yousuf S1, Ahmad A, Khan A, Manzoor N, Khan LA(PubMed)
(1) Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance by Krcmery V1, Barnes AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Pathogenicity and drug resistance in Candida albicans and other yeastspecies. A review by Mishra NN1, Prasad T, Sharma N, Payasi A, Prasad R, Gupta DK, Singh R.(PubMed)
(3) Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida by Prasad R1, Kapoor K.(PubMerd)
(4) New evidence that Candida albicans possesses additional ATP-binding cassette MDR-like genes: implications for antifungal azole resistance. by Walsh TJ1, Kasai M, Francesconi A, Landsman D, Chanock SJ.(PubMed)
(5) Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters.by Sanglard D1, Kuchler K, Ischer F, Pagani JL, Monod M, Bille J.(PubMed)
(6) Structural analysis of phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes isolated from yeast and mold form cells of Candida albicans NIH A-207 serotype A strain by Shibata N1, Fukasawa S, Kobayashi H, Tojo M, Yonezu T, Ambo A, Ohkubo Y, Suzuki S.(PubMed)
(7) The effect of antifungal combination on transcripts of a subset of drug-resistance genes in clinical isolates of Candida species induced biofilms by Ibrahim NH1, Melake NA2, Somily AM3, Zakaria AS4, Baddour MM5, Mahmoud AZ6(PubMed)
(8) Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. by Vanden Bossche H1, Dromer F, Improvisi I, Lozano-Chiu M, Rex JH, Sanglard D.(PubMed)
(9) The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans by Morschhäuser J1.(PubMed)
(10) A proteomic approach to understanding the development of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans strains by Kusch H1, Biswas K, Schwanfelder S, Engelmann S, Rogers PD, Hecker M, Morschhäuser J.(PubMed)(247) The role of vitamin E in T-cell differentiation and the decrease of cellular immunity with aging.by Moriguchi S1.(PubMed)
(270) Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts and of berberine isolated from Berberis heterophylla by Freile ML1, Giannini F, Pucci G, Sturniolo A, Rodero L, Pucci O, Balzareti V, Enriz RD.(PubMed)
(271) Berberis aetnensis C. Presl. extracts: antimicrobial properties and interaction with ciprofloxacin. Musumeci R1, Speciale A, Costanzo R, Annino A, Ragusa S, Rapisarda A, Pappalardo MS, Iauk L.(PubMed)
(272) In vitro biological assessment of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine: antioxidants, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-diabetic and anticancer effects. Abd El-Wahab AE, Ghareeb DA1, Sarhan EE, Abu-Serie MM, El Demellawy MA.(PubMed)
(273) Inhibition of biofilm formation and lipase in Candida albicans by culture filtrate of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro. Bhattacharyya S1, Gupta P2, Banerjee G2, Jain A2, Singh M2.(PubMed)
(274) Differential Candida albicans lipase gene expression during alimentary tract colonization and infection. Schofield DA1, Westwater C, Warner T, Balish E.(PubMed)
(275) Medicinal Plants in Australia Volume 4: An Antipodean Apothecary
(276) Ellagitannin(Wikipedia)
(2377) Oil of clover(Wikipedia)
(278) Anti-virulence potential of eugenyl acetate against pathogenic bacteria of medical importance by Musthafa KS1, Voravuthikunchai SP.(PubMed)
(279) Immunomodulatory activity of geranial, geranial acetate, gingerol, and eugenol essential oils: evidence for humoral and cell-mediated responses. Farhath S1, Vijaya P1, Vimal M2.(PubMed)
(280) Investigations into the antibacterial activities of phytotherapeutics against Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni by Cwikla C1, Schmidt K, Matthias A, Bone KM, Lehmann R, Tiralongo E.(PubMed)
(281) Protective effects of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of CYP2E1 in ratsby Yamaura K1, Shimada M, Nakayama N, Ueno K.(PubMed)
(282) In vitro antifungal activity of the berberine and its synergism with fluconazole by Iwazaki RS1, Endo EH, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Garcia LB, Filho BP.(PubMed)
(283) Synthesis of 13-(substituted benzyl) berberine and berberrubine derivatives as antifungal agentsby Park KD1, Lee JH, Kim SH, Kang TH, Moon JS, Kim SU.(PubMed)
(284) Molecular mechanisms of action of herbal antifungal alkaloid berberine, in Candida albicansby Dhamgaye S1, Devaux F2, Vandeputte P3, Khandelwal NK4, Sanglard D3, Mukhopadhyay G5, Prasad R4.(PubMed)
(285) Effect of two monoterpene phenols on antioxidant defense system in Candida albicansby Khan A1, Ahmad A2, Ahmad Khan L3, Padoa CJ4, van Vuuren S5, Manzoor N6.(PubMed)
(286) Fungicidal activity of thymol and carvacrol by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against Candidaby Ahmad A1, Khan A, Akhtar F, Yousuf S, Xess I, Khan LA, Manzoor N.(PubMed)
(287) Gastroprotective, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of Oleum cinnamomi on ethanol induced damageby Ozbayer C1, Kurt H, Ozdemir Z, Tuncel T, Moheb Saadat S, Burukoglu D, Senturk H, Degirmenci I, Gunes HV.(PubMed)
(288) Cinnamon may have therapeutic benefits on lipid profile, liver enzymes, insulin resistance, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patientsby Askari F1, Rashidkhani B2, Hekmatdoost A3.(PubMed)
(289) Regular ingestion of cinnamomi cortex pulveratus offers gastroprotective activity in miceby Tankam JM1, Sawada Y, Ito M.(PubMed)
(290) An overview on chemical composition, bioactivity and processing of leaves of Cinnamomum tamalaby Sharma V1, Rao LJ.(PubMed)
(291) Antimicrobial activities of commercial essential oils and their components against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteriaby Mith H1, Duré R2, Delcenserie V2, Zhiri A3, Daube G2, Clinquart A2.(PubMed)
(292) The antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from Guatemalan medicinal plantsby Miller AB1, Cates RG, Lawrence M, Soria JA, Espinoza LV, Martinez JV, Arbizú DA.(PubMed)
(293) Anticandidal efficacy of cinnamon oil against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Candida parapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosisby Pires RH1, Montanari LB, Martins CH, Zaia JE, Almeida AM, Matsumoto MT, Mendes-Giannini MJ.(PubMed)
(294) Properties and Uses for Herbs and Spices
(295) Fumigant activity of (E)-anethole identified in Illicium verum fruit against Blattella germanica by Chang KS1, Ahn YJ.(PubMed)
(296) Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogensby Botelho MA1, Nogueira NA, Bastos GM, Fonseca SG, Lemos TL, Matos FJ, Montenegro D, Heukelbach J, Rao VS, Brito GA.(PubMed)
(297) Hydrolates from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) - their chemical composition as well as aromatic, antimicrobial and antioxidant propertiesby Prusinowska R1, Śmigielski K, Stobiecka A, Kunicka-Styczyńska A.(PubMed)
(298) Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (Origanum vulgare), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) from Romaniaby Spiridon I1, Colceru S, Anghel N, Teaca CA, Bodirlau R, Armatu A.(PubMed)
(299) Lavender essential oil inhalation suppresses allergic airway inflammation and mucous cell hyperplasia in a murine model of asthmaby Ueno-Iio T1, Shibakura M2, Yokota K1, Aoe M1, Hyoda T1, Shinohata R1, Kanehiro A3, Tanimoto M3, Kataoka M1.(PubMed)
(300) Lavandula luisieri essential oil as a source of antifungal drugsby Zuzarte M1, Gonçalves MJ, Cruz MT, Cavaleiro C, Canhoto J, Vaz S, Pinto E, Salgueiro L.(PubMed)(301) Antifungal activity of phenolic-rich Lavandula multifida L. essential oilby Zuzarte M1, Vale-Silva L, Gonçalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Vaz S, Canhoto J, Pinto E, Salgueiro L.(PubMed)
(302) Hypnotic activities of chamomile and passiflora extracts in sleep-disturbed ratsby Shinomiya K1, Inoue T, Utsu Y, Tokunaga S, Masuoka T, Ohmori A, Kamei C.(PubMed)
(303) Antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract in ratsby Sebai H1, Jabri MA2, Souli A3, Rtibi K3, Selmi S3, Tebourbi O4, El-Benna J5, Sakly M4.
(PubMed)
(304) Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by chamomile protects murine macrophages against oxidative stressby Bhaskaran N1, Shukla S, Kanwal R, Srivastava JK, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(305) Study of antimicrobial activity of chamomile oilby Aggag ME, Yousef RT.(PubMed)
(306) Phenolic acids profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle (Asteraceae)by Mekinić IG, Skroza D, Ljubenkov I, Krstulović L, Možina SS, Katalinić V.(PubMed)
(307) A novel colorimetric broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics and essential oilsagainst Helicobacter pyloriby Weseler A1, Geiss HK, Saller R, Reichling J.(PubMed)
(308) All-natural composite wound dressing films of essential oilsencapsulated in sodium alginate with antimicrobial propertiesby Liakos I1, Rizzello L2, Scurr DJ3, Pompa PP2, Bayer IS4, Athanassiou A5.(PubMed)

The Pro and Con of Vitamin B2 in Prostate Cancer, Scientists Reveal

By Kyle J. Norton

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc.

The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function.

 The vitamin is also best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Prostate cancer is a medical condition characterized by prostate cells growth uncontrollably and disorderly.

 At the late stage, prostate cancerous cell can travel a distance away from the prostate to infect other healthy organs and tissue.

Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during physical (rectum) exams.

Epidemiological studies, linking vitamin B2 in reduced risk of prostate cancer have produced inconsistent results.

The Pro

 Luckily, in the study of Cancer Research and Product Development Laboratory, Immunal Ltd, active mixture AM: L-arginine, L-histidine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, L-ascorbate, D-biotin, pyridoxine, riboflavin, adenine, L(-)malate), induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and G1 arrest in PC-3 cells and in PC-3 xenografts(3). 

Also, in the interaction of interaction between β-cyclodextrin (βCD) or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and riboflavin(RF) indicated that both RF-βCD and RF-HPβCD complexes were cytotoxic to PC3 prostate cancer cells(4). 

Other researchers suggested that there is a weak associations between prostate cancer incidence and dietary intake of riboflavin and between riboflavin intake and prostate cancer mortality(5). 

But in the study of the role of diet in prostate cancer, researchers suggested that intake of linoleic acid and riboflavin (in subjects 50 years and over) could be protective when compared with control subjects(10).

In the study of the effects of irradiated riboflavin on androgen-independent human, by Universidade Estadual de Campinas, researchers showed that riboflavin photoproducts are cytotoxic to these cells in a FasL-Fas-dependent manner, through inhibited matrix-degrading proteases(invloved both the process of ECM remodeling and angiogenesis, and in a potential causal relationship between these processe) caused downregulation of VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor ) and upregulation of TIMP1(inhibitor of metalloproteinases)(9).

The Con
Over expression of riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) in prostate cancer patient may be used as a marker in -targeted diagnosis and for the assessment of vascular metabolism in tumors(6). 

In localized both androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cell lines, antibodies to chicken RCP inhibited incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA and prevented riboflavin uptake in PC3 prostate cancer cells(7).

Other suggestion of elevated plasma concentrations of choline and vitamin B2 may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer(8).

In prostate cancer cell line cancer (LnCap), vitamin B2 intakes were not associated with prostate cancer survival(1)

And dietary supplements, including vitamn B2 effective treatments for PC patients is not supported by sound clinical evidence(2).

Taking altogether, vitamin B2 may be considered as a vital component of any treatment plan instead of sole mean for prevention and treatment in prostate cancer patients.

Over doses of vitamin B2 may cause symptoms of skin rashes, hypersensitivity, high blood pressure etc...


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Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) One-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and prostate cancer survival by Kasperzyk JL, Fall K, Mucci LA, Håkansson N, Wolk A, Johansson JE, Andersson SO, Andrén O(PubMed)
(2) Dietary supplements and prostate cancer: a systematic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trials by Posadzki P, Lee MS, Onakpoya I, Lee HW, Ko BS, Ernst E.(PubMed)
(3) A mixture of amino acids and other small molecules present in the serum suppresses the growth of murine and human tumors in vivo by Kulcsár G, Gaál D, Kulcsár PI, Schulcz Á, Czömpöly T(PubMed)
(4) Non-inclusion complexes between riboflavin and cyclodextrins by de Jesus MB, Fraceto LF, Martini MF, Pickholz M, Ferreira CV, de Paula E(PubMed)
(5) Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine and prostate cancerincidence and mortality by Bassett JK, Severi G, Hodge AM, Baglietto L, Hopper JL, English DR, Giles GG.(PubMed)
(6) Riboflavin carrier protein-targeted fluorescent USPIO for the assessment of vascular metabolism in tumors by Jayapaul J, Arns S, Lederle W, Lammers T, Comba P, Gätjens J, Kiessling F(PubMed)
(7) Biochemical characterization of riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) in prostate cancer by Johnson T, Ouhtit A, Gaur R, Fernando A, Schwarzenberger P, Su J, Ismail MF, El-Sayyad HI, Karande A, Elmageed ZA, Rao P, Raj M(PubMed)
(8) One-carbon metabolism and prostate cancer risk: prospective investigation of seven circulating B vitamins and metabolites by Johansson M, Van Guelpen B, Vollset SE, Hultdin J, Bergh A, Key T, Midttun O, Hallmans G, Ueland PM, Stattin P(PubMed)
(9) A possible anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effect of irradiated riboflavin in solid tumours by de Souza Queiroz KC, Zambuzzi WF, Santos de Souza AC, da Silva RA, Machado D, Justo GZ, Carvalho HF, Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira C(PubMed)
(10) The role of diet in prostate cancer by Kaul L, Heshmat MY, Kovi J, Jackson MA, Jackson AG, Jones GW, Edson M, Enterline JP, Worrell RG, Perry SL(PubMed)

******The Herbs That Process Anti Asthma Potency, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton, Scholar, Master of Nutrition

Respiratory Disease is a medical conditions which affect the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, such as obstructive lung diseases, restrictive lung diseases, respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves,....... and muscles breathing.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, affecting the air way of the lung with recurring symptoms, such as wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. 

The disease affects people of all ages, and mostly starts during childhood.

According to American academy, allergy, asthma and immunology, about 1 in 10 children (10%) had asthma and 1 in 12 adults (8%) had asthma in 2009. (about 25 million, or 8% of the U.S. population)(1).

Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. However, asthma attacks may induce serious symptoms of  shortness of breath, chest tightness or pain,...... and cough that causes trouble sleeping

Some researchers suggested that asthma attack may be results of allergic effects, such as such as pollen, mold spores, occupational effects such as gases or dust,..... and physical effect such as exercise.

Epidemiological studies, linking herbs in reduced risk and treatment have been inconclusive(a)(b)(c)(d), but certain herbs have been found to be effectively in some studies.

1. Angelica sinensis (Oliv.)
Dang Qui (Angelica sinensis) is a herb of Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China.

The herb has been used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine as an antispasmodic and vasodilatory agent, and to balance the hormones in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation and strengthen heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver for both men and women, etc.

In other words, Dang Qui is used frequently to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia and high blood pressure.

The herb also processes analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc..

 Ethanolic extract (AD of Angelica in the study at Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, showed to suppress airway allergic inflammation, by significantly lower airway eosinophilia, cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels, mucus production and immunoglobulin (Ig)E in mice(1).

Danggui Buxue Tang, a composition of Angelica sinensis (AS) and Astragalus membranaceus (AM), in OVA-sensitized mice, its DBT2 or DBT3 showed no improved effects relative to DBT1 in treating asthmatic symptoms but DBT1 showed to suppress airway hyperresponsiveness and OVA-immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum(2).

According to Thammasat University, ethanol found in of Angelica sinensis exerted its anti-inflammatory activity through antioxidant effects(3).

2. Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba is oldest living tree species, genus Ginkgo, belongings to the family Ginkgoaceae, native to China, from temperate zone to subtropical zone and some parts of north America.

It Has been used in traditional herbal medicine in treating impotence, memory loss, respiratory diseases, circulatory disorders and deafness as well as preventing drunkenness, and bedwetting.

Ginkgolide B (GKB), a major chemical compound of ginkgo biloba, in BALB/c mice exerted its anti asthmatic activity through inhibited the increase of T-helper 2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreased eosinophil count via inhibition of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway(4).

The composition of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb761), astaxanthin (ASX) and vitamin C, also   inhibited asthma-associated inflammation in asthmatic guinea-pigs(5)

And, Ginkgo biloba extracts showed to inhibit asthmatic disorder through suppression tof NF-kappaB gene expression actively in HL-60 cells(6).

According to Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, biloba alleviates all established chronic histological changes of lung except smooth muscle thickness in a mouse model of asthma(7).

3. Licorice
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) also known as sweetwood, is the genus Glycyrrhiza, belonging to the family Fabaceae, native to the Mediterranean and certain areas of Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases, coughs, constipation, bronchitis, inflammation, arthritis, etc.

Licochalcone A (Lico A) isolated from the root of Xinjiang liquorice, exerted its anti-inflammatory activity on a non-infectious mouse model of asthma, through inhibition of the increase in T-helper type 2 cytokines and reduced serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG(8).

ASHMI, the composition of aqueous extracts of Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum), Kushen (Sophora flavescens) and Gancao (Glycyrrhizauralensis), is effective on allergic asthma, through inhibition of production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 by murine memory Th2 cells and eotaxin-1 production by HLF-1 cells(9).

Other study in a murine model also suggested that ASHMI not only significantly reduce eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation, serum IgE levels, IL-4 and IL-13 levels, but also increase IFN-γ production in lung cell cultures in response to antigen stimulation(10).

4. Chamomile
Chamomile is also known as camomile, common name of many species daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.

Water composition extract of a mixture of eight herbs (chamomile, saffron, anise, fennel, caraway, licorice, cardomom and black seed), showed to alleviate the symptoms of asthma, through inhibition of histamine released from chemically- and immunologically-induced cells(11).

5. Garlic
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belonging to family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia.

It has been used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine in treating common cold and flu to the Plague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotic, etc.

Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major organosulfur compound found in garlic, in an ovalbumin-induced model of allergic asthma and RAW264.7 cells, showed to inhibit the proinflammatory proteins, through up regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and down regulation of NF-κB pathways(12).

According to the study by Tarbiat Modares University, purified aged garlic extract exhibited the protective effect of asthma through a significant decrease in the hallmark criteria of allergic airway inflammation levels(13).

6. Grape seed extract
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is a liquid extracted from the seeds, pulp, and white membranes of grapefruit.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti bacterial, viral, fungal, parasites and to enhance immune system, protect against colds and flu and malignant disease.

Grape seed extract (GSPE) may alleviate the symptoms of asthma through its antioxidant activities.

According to the study of University of Ulsan College of Medicine, GSPE effectively suppressed inflammation in both acute and chronic mouse models of asthma, through reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), decreased inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid, reduced lung inflammation and decreased IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin-1 expression(14) by downregulating the iNOS expression(15).

Some researchers suggested that GSE significantly ameliorated of the pathological changes of ovalbumin-induced asthma, through inhibition of altered the lung parenchyma pathology and inflammation in ovalbumin-induced murine asthma model(16).

Most important, even though application of some herbs mentioned above exerted a enormous effect in inhibition of asthma symptoms and asthma  but most of the data on the health effects are based on human cells and animal models.

Therefore, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption over a long term and during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of  possibilities of above herbal efficacy.

Additionally, while addressing the possible advantages of herbal intake researchers must also take into account of potential, risk such as, quality controls, dosages and dosage induced adverse effect of acute liver toxicity.

Where interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, 13 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are pro inflammatory cytokines activated by immune response against infection caused by micro organisms.

Eotaxin-1 expression activated by IL-13 or TNF-α with function in directing inflammatory cells throug its receptors.

Nrf2/HO-1 is a protein with function to react as anti oxidative stress response.

Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a major mediator of inflammation, plays an important role in response to stress.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Anti-asthmatic effects of Angelica dahurica against ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by Lee MY1, Seo CS, Lee JA, Lee NH, Kim JH, Ha H, Zheng MS, Son JK, Shin HK.(PubMed)
(2) Danggui Buxue Tang attenuates eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice by Lin CC1, Liou CJ, Chiang CY, Huang WY, Huang WC.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant and nitric oxide inhibition activities of Thai medicinal plants by Makchuchit S1, Itharat A, Tewtrakul S.(PubMed)
(4) A novel anti-inflammatory role for ginkgolide B in asthma via inhibition of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway by Chu X1, Ci X, He J, Wei M, Yang X, Cao Q, Li H, Guan S, Deng Y, Pang D, Deng X.(PubMed)
(5) Summative interaction between astaxanthin, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) and vitamin C in suppression of respiratory inflammation: a comparison with ibuprofen by Haines DD1, Varga B, Bak I, Juhasz B, Mahmoud FF, Kalantari H, Gesztelyi R, Lekli I, Czompa A, Tosaki A(PubMed)
(6) [Studies on the effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts on NF-kappaB pathway].[Article in Chinese] by Li GH1, Lei XX, Yi YM, Xu BL, Wang HP, Du J.(PubMed)
(7) Effects of Ginkgo biloba on airway histology in a mouse model of chronic asthma by Babayigit A1, Olmez D, Karaman O, Ozogul C, Yilmaz O, Kivcak B, Erbil G, Uzuner N.(PubMed)
(8) Attenuation of allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma by Licochalcone A by Chu X1, Jiang L, Wei M, Yang X, Guan M, Xie X, Wei J, Liu D, Wang D.(PubMed)
(9) Constituents of the anti-asthma herbal formula ASHMI(TM) synergistically inhibit IL-4 and IL-5 secretion by murine Th2 memory cells, and eotaxin by human lung fibroblasts in vitro by Jayaprakasam B1, Yang N, Wen MC, Wang R, Goldfarb J, Sampson H, Li XM.(PubMed)
(10) Glycyrrhiza uralensis flavonoids present in anti-asthma formula, ASHMI™, inhibit memory Th2 responses in vitro and in vivo by Yang N1, Patil S, Zhuge J, Wen MC, Bolleddula J, Doddaga S, Goldfarb J, Sampson HA, Li XM.(PubMed)
(11) The effect of a herbal water-extract on histamine release from mast cells and on allergic asthma by Haggag EG1, Abou-Moustafa MA, Boucher W, Theoharides TC.(PubMed)
(12) Diallyl-disulfide, an organosulfur compound of garlic, attenuates airway inflammation via activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and NF-kappaB suppression by Shin IS1, Hong J, Jeon CM, Shin NR, Kwon OK, Kim HS, Kim JC, Oh SR, Ahn KS.(PubMed)
(13) Purified aged garlic extract modulates allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice by Zare A1, Farzaneh P, Pourpak Z, Zahedi F, Moin M, Shahabi S, Hassan ZM.(PubMed)
(14) Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract attenuates allergic inflammation in murine models of asthma by Lee T1, Kwon HS, Bang BR, Lee YS, Park MY, Moon KA, Kim TB, Lee KY, Moon HB, Cho YS.(PubMed)
(15) Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract attenuates airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma by downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase by Zhou DY1, Du Q, Li RR, Huang M, Zhang Q, Wei GZ.(PubMed)
(16) Grape seed extract attenuates lung parenchyma pathology in ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model: an ultrastructural study by Mahmoud YI.(PubMed)

11 Fruits and Veggies That Program Cervical Cancer Cells Death, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Cervix is the lower part of uterus that opens at the top of the vagina.

Cervix acts as transition area for vaginal lining (squamous epithelium) change to uterus type (columnar epithelium) through the transitional area (squamous columnar epithelium) to host the development of the fetus.

Cervical cancer is malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri or cervical area caused by abnormal cells growth with alternation of cells DNA.

At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away from cervix to infect other healthy organs and tissue.

According to the statistic, every year, approximately,13,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer and 4,170 are died from the disease.

Women in the ages of 35 and 44.are associated to substantially increase risk of cervical cancer in compared to only 15%  in women over age 65.

According to cancer.net, in the early stage of cervical cancer, patients may experience some mild symptoms of blood spots or light bleeding between or following periods, longer and heavier menstrual bleeding.

If you experience some of the symptoms above, please let your family doctor knows. Early diagnosed

is associated closely to 100% of survival rate.

In the later stage, patients may experience symptoms of bleeding after intercourse, douching, or a pelvic examination...........and unexplained, persistent pelvic and/or back pain.  If you develop above symptoms, please see your doctor immediately.

The American cancer associate suggested that women with genetic mutation and infected by human papillomavirus (HPV) that becomes aggressively in induced production of proteins known as E6 and E7 which turn off some tumor suppressor genes.may be the causes of cervical cancer. 

Please note that most women with HPV don’t get cervical cancer

Risk factors besides HPV also include, immune system deficiency, herpes, smoking, age.group ... use of oral contraceptives and exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES).

The risk of cervical cancer is also higher in Hispanic women followed by African-Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and whites(a).

Depending to the stage and grade of the cancer, if the cancer is found in the early stage, hysterectomy may not be needed.

Others, after surgery may require chemotherapy including Cisplatin, Fluorouracil (5-FU), Mitomycin, Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Bevacizumab and radiotherapy if necessary,

All these chemo-drugs have been known to induce serious side effects

Epidemiological studies strongly suggested that a healthy and balanced diet improved serum levels of antioxidants may reduce cervical neoplasia risk(b)(c)

Foods have been found effectively in reduced risk and treatment of cervical cancer., include

1. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables are the group of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli etc.

Isothiocyanates, a major chemical constituent found in Cruciferous vegetables, inhibited the cell viability of human cervical cancer cells, through improvement of antioxidant status(1).

β-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). induced apoptosis to inhibit cell proliferation in human cervical cancer cell lines (HEp-2 and KB), through increased the expression of the death receptors (DR4 and DR5) and cleaved caspase-3(2).

 Other chemical compounds, such as I3C (indole-3-carbinol) and DIM (diindolylmethane) found in all types of cruciferous vegetables, demonstrated exceptional anti-cancer effects against hormone responsive cancers such as ovarian cancers(3).

Some researchers suggested that isothiocyanates and indoles through intake of cruciferous vegetable may decrease cancer risk, but the protective effects may be influenced by individual genetic variation (polymorphisms) in the metabolism and elimination of isothiocyanates from the body.

And in some instances, long term exposure to sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol (I3C), may have a negative implication  in treatment of avariety of anticarcinogenic mechanisms(4).

2. Tomato
Tomato is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to family Solanaceae, native to South America.

Because of its health benefits, tomato is grown world wide for commercial purpose and often in green house.

Glycoalkaloid-rich green tomato extracts, according to the Seowon University inhibited proliferation of HeLa cin ervical carcinoma cells through inactivation(5).

Dr Ferguson LR, in the study of prospects for cancerprevention, suggested that fruit and vegetable servings with total a minimum of five each day, particularly in some specific fruits and vegetables (e.g., tomato, broccoli, onions) may have strong benefits against individual cancer types(6).

But, the reviews of FDA in 2004 studies which indicated an inverse association between tomato and/or lycopene intake and the risk of some types of cancer, suggested that there are no credible evidence for an association between tomato consumption and a reduced risk of lung, colorectal, breast, cervical, or endometrial cancer(7).

3. Garlic
Garlic is a natural superfood healer for its natural antibiotic with antiviral, antifungal, anticoagulant and antiseptic properties.

Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a chemical component of garlic induced mitochondrial dysfunction, caused the release of cytochrome c for causing apoptosis in human cervical cancer Ca Ski cells(8) and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the p53, caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways in in HeLa human cervical cancer cells(9).

The Defense Food Research Laboratory study indicated that garlic exerted its anticarcinogenic effect(including cervical cancer) through a number of mechanisms, including scavenging of radicals, increasing gluathione levels, increasing the activities of enzymes(10).

In 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced carcinogenesis in the uterine cervix of virgin young adult Swiss albino mice study, researchers found that there is a significant decline in the incidence of carcinoma with oral administration of garlic at the dose level of 400 mg/kg body wt./day for 2 weeks before and 4 weeks following carcinogen thread insertion(11).

4. Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root is the genus Zingiber, belongings to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Crude methanol and fractionated extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis, a wild ginger distributed in the lowlands of Pahang, Malaysia, showed potent cytotoxic effect against certain cancer cell lines, including human cervical cancer cell line, Ca Ski(12).

In human cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa), aqueous extract of ginger (GAE) induced apoptosis of cancer cells through interacted directly with cellular microtubules and disrupts its structure(13).

Other study indicated that Benjakul [BEN], a composition of five plants: Piper chaba fruit [PC], Piper sarmentosum root [PS], Piper interruptum stem [PI], Plumbago indica root [PL] and Zingiber officinale rhizome [ZO] in Thai herbal medicine, exerted protential cytotoxic activity against certain types of cancer cell line including cervical cancer cell line Hela(14).

5. Carrot
Carrot can grow to 3ft tall. It is root vegetable with orange color normally, a sub spices of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.

According to Aichi Cancer Center, frequent intakes of carrot are associated to decreased risk of cervical cancer(15).

The Shandong University study in assessing the risk of cervical cancer association of vitamin A, found abundantly in carrot (retinol, carotene and other carotenoids) indicated that vitamin A intake and blood vitamin A levels are inversely associated with the risk of cervical cancer(16).

Others in the testing of concentrations of retinol and beta carotene in serum samples taken from 113 women with cervical cancer, 32 with invasive and 81 with pre-invasive disease, and compared with those from 226 age-matched control women, scientists after taking into account of other confounders suggested that there is a significantly reduced concentration of beta carotene levels in women with pre-invasive disease compared to the control(17).

6. Dulse
Dulse is a red seaweed of genus Palmaria, belongings to Family Palmariaceae that grows attached to rocks by a "holdfast" in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific.

The seaweed is commonly used in Ireland and Atlantic Canada both as food and medicine. Today, dulses are now shipped around the globe for commercial benefits because of its health benefits

And fried dulses can be found in many health food stores or fish markets or can be ordered directly from local distributors.
Ryerson University study of the extracts from variety of edible seaweeds, showed a positive effect of dulse polyphenols in inhibited on cell proliferation on human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa cells) through its antioxidant activity(18)(19).

Fucoxanthin found abundantly in dulse, in the study by Henan University, displayed aautophagy-dependent cytotoxic effect in cervical cancer cell lines HeLa cells via inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway(20).

8. Strawberry
Strawberries is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongings to the family Roseaceae.

The fruits have been grown all over the world in suitable climate for commercial profits and health benefits.
The studies of the effects of variety of berry extracts in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, indicated that
* Tannin-rich fraction of procyanidins of strawberry extract are most potent in comparison with other berries(21).
* The extract of Strawberry, Blueberry, and Raspberry Extracts. showed a positive effect in inhibited CaSki and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines(22).

9. Grape and Red wine
Grape is a woody vines of the genus Vitis, belongings to the family Vitaceae, native to southern Turkey.

Grape extracts was found to interact effectively with decaffeinated green tea extracts both in the inhibition of tNOX activity and in the inhibition of cancer cell growth(23).

Red and white winepolyphenols and resveratrol exerted higher cytotoxic activity against HeLabut white wine polyphenolic extract exhibited a significantly higher antiproliferative action on cancer cell lines than red wine extract(24).

10. Cactus pear
Cactus pear also known as Prickly pear is a genus Opuntia, belongings to the family Cactaceae, native to Mexico.

Cactus pear extracts, in the study of immortalized ovarian and ovarian cancer cells (OVCA420, SKOV3), exhibited anti proliferative effect through a dramatic increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS),(25).

Study from the University of Arizona, indicated that aqueous extracts of cactus pear significantly increased apoptosis and growth inhibition in both immortalized epithelial cells and cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through cell cycle arrest(26).

11. Vitis coignetiae Pulliat
Vitis coignetiae Pulliat also known as Yamabudo, Crimson Glory Vine, is the genus Viti, belongings to the family Vitaceae, native to the temperate climes of Asia.

 It has been used as a health juice and wine because of the abundant polyphenols and anthocyanins.

Anthocyanins isolated from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (AIMs), inhibited the invasion of HeLa cell in a dose-dependent manner,(26).

The stem extracts from Greek Vitis vinifera varieties of the total polyphenolic content (TPC) inhibited at low concentrations, the growth of HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells comparable to those of seed extracts(27)(28).


Taken altogether, without going into reviews, the list of foods above may be potent in reduced risk and treatment of cervical cancer. But further studies with large sample sizes and multi centers are necessary to improve the validation of these claims.

However,  some researchers argued  that the role of diet and nutrition in the etiology of cervical cancer is not yet resolved(d).

And, the Catalan Institute of Oncology study showed statistically nonsignificant inverse associations were  observed for leafy vegetables, root vegetables, garlic and onions, citrus fruits, vitamin C, vitamin E and retinol for invasive squamous cervical cancer (ISC)(e).

As always, all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult your Doctor & Related field specialist before applying


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Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(a) Cerical cancer (Amerrican cancer society)
(b) Diet and serum micronutrients in relation to cervical neoplasia and cancer among low-income Brazilian women by Tomita LY1, Longatto Filho A, Costa MC, Andreoli MA, Villa LL, Franco EL, Cardoso MA; Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention (BRINCA) Study Team.(PubMed)
(c) Associations of dietary dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables and fruits with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: modification by smoking by Tomita LY1, Roteli-Martins CM, Villa LL, Franco EL, Cardoso MA; BRINCA Study Team.(PubMed)
(d) Diet and the risk of in situ cervical cancer among white women in the United States by Ziegler RG1, Jones CJ, Brinton LA, Norman SA, Mallin K, Levine RS, Lehman HF, Hamman RF, Trumble AC, Rosenthal JF, et al.(PubMed)
(e) Dietary factors and in situ and invasive cervical cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study by González CA1, Travier N, Luján-Barroso L, Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Roura E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Palli D, Boeing H, Pala V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Manjer J, Dillner J, Hallmans G, Kjellberg L, Sanchez MJ, Altzibar JM, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Rodriguez L, Allen N, Key TJ, Kaaks R, Rohrmann S, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Munk C, Kjaer SK, Peeters PH, van Duijnhoven FJ, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Naska A, Lund E, Engeset D, Skeie G, Franceschi S, Slimani N, Rinaldi S, Riboli E.(PubMed)
(1) The anti-oxidant properties of isothiocyanates: a review by de Figueiredo SM1, Filho SA, Nogueira-Machado JA, Caligiorne RB.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables on growth inhibition and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells through the induction of death receptors 4 and 5 by Huong le D1, Shim JH, Choi KH, Shin JA, Choi ES, Kim HS, Lee SJ, Kim SJ, Cho NP, Cho SD(PubMed)
(3) Chemopreventive properties of indole-3-carbinol, diindolylmethane and other constituents of cardamom against carcinogenesis by Acharya A1, Das I, Singh S, Saha T.(PubMed)
(4) Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis by Higdon JV1, Delage B, Williams DE, Dashwood RH.(PubMed)
(5) Changes in free amino acid, phenolic, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and glycoalkaloid contents in tomatoes during 11 stages of growth and inhibition of cervical and lung human cancer cells by green tomato extracts by Choi SH1, Lee SH, Kim HJ, Lee IS, Kozukue N, Levin CE, Friedman M.(PubMed)
(6) Prospects for cancer prevention by Ferguson LR.(PubMed)
(7) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review for qualified health claims: tomatoes, lycopene, and cancer by Kavanaugh CJ1, Trumbo PR, Ellwood KC.(PubMed)
(8) Diallyl sulfide promotes cell-cycle arrest through the p53 expression and triggers induction of apoptosis via caspase- and mitochondria-dependent signaling pathways in human cervical cancer Ca Ski cells by Chiu TH1, Lan KY, Yang MD, Lin JJ, Hsia TC, Wu CT, Yang JS, Chueh FS, Chung JG.(PubMed)
(9) Diallyl sulfide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa human cervical cancer cells through the p53, caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways by Wu PP1, Chung HW, Liu KC, Wu RS, Yang JS, Tang NY, Lo C, Hsia TC, Yu CC, Chueh FS, Lin SS, Chung JG.(PubMed)
(10) Anticarcinogenic properties of garlic: a review by Khanum F1, Anilakumar KR, Viswanathan KR.(PubMed)
(11) Chemopreventive action of garlic on methylcholanthrene-induced carcinogenesis in the uterine cervix of mice by Hussain SP1, Jannu LN, Rao AR.(PubMed)
(12) Antioxidant potential, cytotoxic activity and total phenolic content of Alpinia pahangensis rhizomes by Phang CW1, Malek SN, Ibrahim H.(PubMed)
(13) Aqueous extract of ginger shows antiproliferative activity through disruption of microtubule network of cancer cells by Choudhury D1, Das A, Bhattacharya A, Chakrabarti G.(PubMed)
(14) In vitro cytotoxic activity of Benjakul herbal preparation and its active compounds against human lung, cervical and liver cancer cells by Ruangnoo S1, Itharat A, Sakpakdeejaroen I, Rattarom R, Tappayutpijam P, Pawa KK.(PubMed)
(15) [Hospital epidemiology--a comparative case control study of breast and cervical cancers].


[Article in Japanese] by Tajima K1, Hirose K, Ogawa H, Yoshida M, Ohta M.(PubMed)
(16) Vitamin A and risk of cervical cancer: a meta-analysis by Zhang X1, Dai B, Zhang B, Wang Z.(PubMed)
(17) Cancer of the cervix uteri and vitamin A by Harris RW, Forman D, Doll R, Vessey MP, Wald NJ.(PubMed)
(18) Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts from a variety of edible seaweeds by Yuan YV1, Walsh NA.(PubMed)
(19) Extracts from dulse (Palmaria palmata) are effective antioxidants and inhibitors of cell proliferation in vitro. by Yuan YV1, Carrington MF, Walsh NA.(PubMed)
(20) Essential role of autophagy in fucoxanthin-induced cytotoxicity to human epithelial cervical cancer HeLa cells by Hou LL1, Gao C, Chen L, Hu GQ, Xie SQ.(PubMed)
(21) Berry extracts exert different antiproliferative effects against cervicaland colon cancer cells grown in vitro by McDougall GJ1, Ross HA, Ikeji M, Stewart D.(PubMed)
(22) Anticarcinogenic Activity of Strawberry, Blueberry, and Raspberry Extracts to Breast and Cervical Cancer Cells. by Wedge DE1, Meepagala KM, Magee JB, Smith SH, Huang G, Larcom LL.(PubMed)
(23) Anticancer activity of grape and grape skin extracts alone and combined with green tea infusions by Morré DM1, Morré DJ.(PubMed)
(24) Cytotoxic effect of wine polyphenolic extracts and resveratrol against human carcinoma cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Matić I1, Zizak Z, Simonović M, Simonović B, Godevac D, Savikin K, Juranić Z.(PubMed)
(25) Cactus pear extracts induce reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by Feugang JM1, Ye F, Zhang DY, Yu Y, Zhong M, Zhang S, Zou C.(PubMed)
(26) Cactus pear: a natural product in cancer chemoprevention by Zou DM1, Brewer M, Garcia F, Feugang JM, Wang J, Zang R, Liu H, Zou C.(PubMed)
(27) Anthocyanins from Vitis coignetiae Pulliat Inhibit Cancer Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, but These Effects Can Be Attenuated by Tumor Necrosis Factor in Human Uterine Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells by Lu JN1, Lee WS, Yun JW, Kim MJ, Kim HJ, Kim DC, Jeong JH, Choi YH, Kim GS, Ryu CH, Shin SC.(PubMed)
(28) Assessment of polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity, protection against ROS-induced DNA damage and anticancer activity of Vitis vinifera stem extracts by Apostolou A1, Stagos D, Galitsiou E, Spyrou A, Haroutounian S, Portesis N, Trizoglou I, Wallace Hayes A, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D.