Kyle J. Norton
Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in reducing stress implications, some scientists suggested.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of the genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as a warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...
Society and environment impact stress conditions, over a prolonged period of time, which may induce a change of behavior, leading to disturbances in normal physiological functioning due to increased free radicals generation in the initiated onset of hypertension, neurosis, immune suppression, and other physical and mental disorders.
In the study to evaluate the anti-stress and memory-enhancing properties of F. Vulgare extract in experimentally stress rats at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight administered orally with an orogastric tube researchers found that rats treated with all doses exert a significant effect in reduced stress implication linearly, observed by Urinary levels of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) assay in 24 hours.
Further analysis of the rat group treated fennel with an additional injection of ascorbic acid also found that the secretion of urinary ascorbic acid levels increased from 65.74 to 78.59, 108.41, and 125.82 μg/kg within the same period on doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively in compared to the untreated control group.
These results indicated that fennel has a stronger impact on reduced chronic stress connotation compared to both ascorbic acid and control groups.
Moreover, the group treatment group also displayed a reduced expression of lipid peroxidation in both rat liver and brain homogenates catalyzed by the stress in induction of ROS production and reduced natural antioxidant defense compared to the rat group treated with ascorbic acid.
Dr. S Koppula,, the lead author, after taking into account other confounders said, "The (Fennel) extract also exhibited potent antioxidant effect by inhibition of lipid peroxidation in both rat liver and brain homogenates to a greater extent than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid".
Additionally, in the review literature of a number of such drugs mostly in the form of their extracts (holistic approach) or in some, as active principles isolated from them, have been evaluated for their antistress activity by a number of tests which include open-field behavior, researchers found that
* Fennel may have a strong effect in reduced stress in tested mice through observation of swimming endurance and hexobarbitone sleeping time in association with stress in induction of anxiety.
* Fennel inhibited the production of the level of stress hormone corticosterone produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland.
* Fennel increased the production of antioxidants and enhanced the antioxidant defense of hosts such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), in inhibiting overexpression of ROS-in initiated chain reactions caused by chronic stress.
* Fennel inhibited levels of MAO in association with alternation of mood and mental conditions.
Finally, the application of fennel also reduced the tension of the central nervous system in response to stress impact, thus reducing neurotransmitter levels in stimulated production of stress hormones in facilitated ROS production, depression, anxiety,.......
The above illustration was supported by the application of fennel oil in exerted significant anti-psychiatric disorders caused by chronic stress such as depression and anxiety in tested mice respectively treated with water, fluoxetine (0.3 mg/kg), and fennel oil (0.5 ml/day) conducted by the Aga Khan University
According to the study, repeated administration of fennel oil for 3 weeks exerted significant antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects, observed by struggling time in forced swim test (FST) and time spent in open arm in the elevated plus maze (EPM) comparable to fluoxetine treatment group.
Interestingly, the rats treated group also exhibited high levels of antioxidants in inhibited ROS in facilitated production of free radicals through lipid peroxidation.
Taken together, fennel with abundant phytochemicals may be considered a functional food in reduced stress implication in the initiation of related diseases.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) (2) Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Umbelliferae) Attenuates Stress and Improves Memory in Wister Rats by S Koppula, H Kumar(Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research)
(5) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PubMed)
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