Ginger, the Natural Antibiofilm Remedy with No Side Effects

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have a kitchen remedy which processes a potential to improve the immune function against infection, some studies suggested.

A biofilm is a system that can be adapted internally to environmental conditions by its inhabitants. In other words, biofilm-forming from bacteria is one of the common forms of bacterial infection affecting up to 80% of human bacterial infections.

In biology, biofilm used by the bacteria as a natural defense mechanism of bacteria to survive under harsh environments, by attaching to a solid surface in a large community, including the skin, teeth, and mucosa.

 Bacterial initiates biofilm formation with an aim to greatly enhance survival in hosts and cause chronic infections, leading to long-term inflammation and tissue damages.

The formation of a biofilm of bacteria may go through 2 stages, the adhesion phase is the stage that the bacteria attach to the surface or accumulates on a surface, After the adhesion phase, the bacteria enter the colonial phase, where the bacteria continue to grow, leading to the formation of dense bacterial aggregates.

Dr. Li XH, the lead scientist in examing the new anti-biofilm agents, said, "In biofilms, microorganisms become much more resistant to antimicrobial treatments, harsh environmental conditions, and host immunity".

And, "Currently, it is believed over 80% of chronic infectious diseases are mediated by biofilms, and it is known that conventional antibiotic medications are inadequate at eradicating this biofilm-mediated infection".

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Scientists on finding a natural compound with anti-biofilm activity for the treatment of microbial infection evaluated the ginger anti-biofilm formation effects.

Injection of ginger exerted a strong inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 biofilm formation.

The anti-biofilm activiti of ginger caused a reduction of 39–56% when the ginger extract was added to the culture.

The ginger extract also decreased the production of extracellular polymeric substances, the fundamental component that determines the physiochemical properties of a biofilm, according to the chemical analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Furthermore, ginger extract formed noticeably less rugose colonies on agar plates containing Congo red and facilitated swarming motility on soft agar plates.

The ginger extract also inhibited biofilm formation in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 

The efficacy of ginger extract was attributed to the reduced level of a second messenger, bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate in the induction of biofilm formation.

Also, surface biofilm cells formed with ginger extract detached more easily with surfactant than did those without ginger extract.

The results strongly support the use of ginger as a broad spectrum biofilm inhibitor, in the reduction of bacterial biofilm formation, a major cause of serious health problems.

In order to reveal more information about the ginger effect against biofilm formation, researchers examined the bioactive compounds on Candida albicans.

 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 6-shogaol effectively inhibited biofilm formation and 6-shogaol at 10 μg/ml significantly reduced C. albicans biofilm formation with no harming the planktonic cell growth. 

Moreover,  6-gingerol and 6-shogaol inhibited hyphal growth in embedded colonies and free-living planktonic cells, and prevented cell aggregation.

Additionally,  6-gingerol and 6-shogaol reduced C. albicans virulence in a nematode infection model without causing toxicity at the tested concentrations. 

Dr. Jin-Hyung Lee,, the lead scientist wrote in the final report, "These results highlight the antibiofilm and antivirulence activities of the ginger components, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, against a drug-resistant C. albicans strain".

Taken altogether, ginger processed a high amount of bioactive compound may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention of bacterial infection by inhibiting the biofilm activity of micro pathogens.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Ginger Extract Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 by Han-Shin Kim and Hee-Deung Park. (PMC)
(2) Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities of 6-Gingerol and 6-Shogaol Against Candida albicans Due to Hyphal Inhibition by Jin-Hyung Lee,1,† Yong-Guy Kim,1,† Pilju Choi,2 Jungyeob Ham,2 Jae Gyu Park,3,* andJintae Lee. (PMC)
(3) Antibiofilm agents: A new perspective for antimicrobial strategy by Li XH1, Lee JH2. (PubMed)