(Preview)Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine: Radix rehmanniae(Di Huang)

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By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                     Diseases of Central Nervous system

                             Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*) 
C.1.5. Radix rehmanniae(Di Huang)
Radix rehmanniae, a sweet and bitter herb, is also known as Di huang(sheng di hunag is Cold in nature and shu di huang is Warm in nature), used in tradition Chinese medicine over thousand of years for treatment of the weakness caused by tuberculosis, vomiting blood, nose bleeding,  coughing blood, bleeding in the uterus  as its function of blood tonification, by enhancing function of heart, kidney, and liver channels(796).

Phytochemicals(797)
1. Sterol
2. Catalpol
3.  Rehmanniosides A-D
4. Leonuride
5. Aucubin
6. Melittoside
7. Jioglutoside A-B, 6-O-E-feruloyl ajugol
8.  Rehmaglutins A-D
9. Glutinoside, purpureaside C
10. Etc.

 Di huang used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(798) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to their effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology and related cognitive deficits(799). In senile dementia, Di huang  exhibited its elicit memory-improving effects, through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurogenetic, and anti-Aβ activities(760).

1. Neuroprotective effects
Paeng-Jo-Yeon-Nyeon-Baek-Ja-In-Hwan (PJBH), containg Di huang and 17 other herbs, exhibited anti lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in decreased production of malondialdehyde (MDA) involved in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD)(801), through cholinesterase inhibited effects(802). Other prescriptive formula, palmul-chongmyeong-tang, in ischemia-induced rats, exhibited a protective effect against ischemia-induced neuronal and cognitive impairments of learning and memory(803).

2. Pychological symptoms
Polysaccharides extracted from shudihuang (radix rehmanniae preparata) in infant male rats study, significantly inhibited MSG-induced anxiety, through its phytochemicals in down regulation of  beta-synuclein, protein DJ-1, linking to neurodegeneration in patient with dementia. etc.(804).

3. Improved earning and memory
In rats damaged thalamic arcuate nucleus, shu di-huang showed to up regulate the expression of hippocampal NGF, c-fos in improving the function of learning and memory(805). In dementia model, the herb decreased the times of mistakes and prolong the incubation period in step down task, through increased expression of hippocampal receptors, involved brain memory forming, organizing, and storing(806). Other formula, such as Ba-Wei-Di-Huang decoction, also enhanced capacity for learning and memory, through expression  of autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), a multifunctional protein involved in cellular adhesion, proliferation, motility and apoptosis on animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD)(807)(808)(809).

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Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton 

References
(796) http://alternativehealing.org/di_huang.htm
(797) http://www.shen-nong.com/eng/herbal/dihuang.html
(798) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303969
(799) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386946
(800) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21808655
(801) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15287076
(802) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10996445
(803) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17268076
(804) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187876
(805) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15139152
(806) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15015384
(807) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313999
(808) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22037419
(809) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9740363