Sunday, 4 June 2023

#Healthyfood #Carrot Inhibits the #OxidativeStress Against the Onset of Liver Toxicity, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Including a portion of carrots in your daily diet may have a protective effect against liver diseases, some scientists suggested.

Hepatoprotection is the ability of certain agents which process the properties to reduce the injurious effects or to preserve the normal hepatic physiological mechanisms. In most cases, liver injury is the result of overexpression of toxin accumulation in the liver.

The exact causes of liver diseases are unknown. However, researchers believed that liver disease can be caused by a genetic mutation gene inherited from the parents or by viruses and excessive alcohol drinking.

Some researchers also suggested that liver damage is also associated with patients who are obese.
Long-term use of certain medications, such as antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants is also found to damage the liver.

Untreated liver damage can lead to liver scars, which in the long run can increase the risk of liver failure, a life-threatening complication.

Besides symptoms of digestive discomforts, depending on the stage of the liver damage, patients may also experience symptoms of jaundice on the skin and eyes, abdominal pain, and swelling, particularly, swelling in the legs and ankles, and darkening urine color.

If you have experienced some of the above symptoms, please make sure you check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

Carrot, a root vegetable with an orange color is a subspecies of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asia and Europe.

In the investigation of the liver protective activity of methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds in an experimental rats model, researchers at the Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy assigned randomly into 4 groups of rats (two tests, standard and toxic control).

Two test groups received D. carota seeds extract (DCSE) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.

The standard group received silymarin (25 mg/kg) and toxic control received only thioacetamide. The control group received the only vehicle.

All animals were given thioacetamide 100 mg/kg s.c to induce oxidative stress through overproduction of ROS and reduced levels of antioxidants in the hosts.

On the 8th day, in observation of animal liver before treatment, researchers found that levels of the antioxidant enzymes produced by the host, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were decreased and levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were significantly higher compared to control.

However, the rat group treated with methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds showed a significant decrease in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which are associated to several expressions of liver diseases and increased levels of natural antioxidants produced by the body.

These results suggested that methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds processes properties on inhibition of oxidative stress facilitated liver damage and stimulation of the host in the production of antioxidants from the hosts.

In other words, the methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds exerted a liver protective effect by restoring the ratio of levels of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in the tested animals.

Further analysis of the efficacy of carrot, mango, and wheat extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity, researchers at Ain Shams University conducted an animal study including 4 albino rats.

Rats used in the experiment were divided randomly into 5 groups. Group 1 was fed a basal diet and group 2 was fed a basal diet and CCl4. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with carrot, mango, and wheat extracts, respectively, in addition to a basal diet and CCl4.

Observation of the tested rat's liver fed with the extract displayed anti-hepatocellular toxicity caused by injection CCL4 decreased significantly compared to before treatment.

According to assays, lipid profile, and liver enzymes, markers were decreased remarkably, and total protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased dramatically.

Makers of oxidative stress expressed through levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were also decreased noticeably

These results indicated a strong effect of the extracts in reduced lipid peroxidation by increased levels of antioxidants in inhibition of the reactive oxygen species in the induction of oxidative stress.

Dr. Ebeid HM, the lead author after taking into account other co and confounders said, "Microscopic examination of the treated rats exhibited a normal histopathological structure" and "carrot, mango, and wheat extracts could be used as nutraceuticals for the prophylaxis and treatment against hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress".

Taken together, carrot and its bioactive extracts used alone or combined with mango, and wheat extracts may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk of liver diseases caused by overexpression of free radicals.

Intake of supplementation should be taken with exceptional care in the prevention of acute liver toxicity.
However, additional data collection on large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of whole food during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of carrot's liver protective possibilities.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) In vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extracts of Daucus carota seeds in experimental animals by Singh K1, Singh N, Chandy A, Manigauha A.(PubMed)
(2) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of wheat, carrot, and mango as nutraceutical agents against CCl4-induced hepatocellular toxicity by Ebeid HM1, Gibriel AA, Al-Sayed HM, Elbehairy SA, Motawe EH.(PubMed)

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