Tuesday 3 March 2020

Antioxidant Lycopene Protects Kidney Cells Against Renal Damage

By Kyle J. Norton

The kidneys, a pair of bean-shaped organs on either side of your spine are the second detoxed organ after liver by removing wastes or toxins in the blood come from the normal breakdown of active muscle and from the food you eat.

Kidney damage is a condition caused by the build-up of waste products and excess fluid in the body.

Depending on the stage of kidney damage, patients may experience symptoms of weakness, shortness of breath, lethargy, swelling, and confusion. 

If the kidney can not remove extra potassium from the bloodstream, the condition can lead to abnormal heart rhythms and sudden death.

Kidney diseases can be classified into 2 types
* Acute kidney disease is a sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage associated with reduced kidney function in keeping the right balance of fluid in the body, that lasts a few hours or a few days.

* Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition of kidney damage, leading to a decreased level of kidney function that lasts more than three months.

Conventionally, most cases of the renal damage caused by toxins are treated with cisplatin often associated with an acute kidney injury. 

On CKD, treatment is totally depending on the causes of the disease including high blood medications, lowering high blood cholesterol and pain relievers.

Dr. Ryoma, the lead scientist in the study "The association between changes in lifestyle behaviors and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older men", wrote, "with respect to habitual moderate exercise and late-night dinner, maintaining an unhealthy lifestyle resulted in a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for the incidence of CKD".

And, "the lack of habitual moderate exercise, late-night dinner, and bedtime snacking may increase the risk of CKD".


Lycopene is a phytochemical found in tomato in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and perform various functions in photosynthesis.

With an aim to find a potent ingredient for the protection of the kidney function, researchers examined protective effects of lycopene against the toxic effects of Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) exposure in the kidney of experimental rats.

The study included 42 healthy three-month-old male Wistar-Albino rats that were randomly divided into six experimental groups including 7 rats in each, as follows: control group, lycopene (5 mg/kg/day, orally for 15 days) group, AFB1 (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally for 7 days) group, AFB1 (1.5 mg/kg/day, orally for 3 days) group, AFB1 (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally for 7 days) + lycopene (5 mg/kg/day, orally for 15 days) group and AFB1(1.5 mg/kg/day, orally for 3 days) + lycopene (5 mg/kg/day, orally for 15 days) group.

According to the tested analysis, injection of Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) showed a significant effect on the kidney oxidative stress marker observed by the significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.

Levels of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) were also decreased in AFB1-rats kidney and heart tissues.

Additonally levels urea, creatinine levels of sodium concentrations in plasma of AFB1 treated rats were also increased substantially.

More precisely, Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) resulted in a significant reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant system in AF treated rats observed by the elevated levels of MDA, compared to the control group.

In other words, Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)  exhibited some parameters associated with kidney damage and injury.

However, all these parameters were significantly inhibited or normalized by the administration of lycopene.

Based on the results, researchers said, " lycopene showed protection against AF induced nephrotoxicity...".

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomato may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of renal damage, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Lycopene has reduced renal damage histopathologically and biochemically in experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by Kaya C1, Karabulut R1, Turkyilmaz Z1, Sonmez K1, Kulduk G2, Gülbahar Ö3, Köse F1, Basaklar AC. (PubMed)
(2) Aflatoxin B1 induced renal and cardiac damage in rats: Protective effect of lycopene by Yilmaz S1, Kaya E2, Karaca A2, Karatas O. (PubMed)
(3) The association between changes in lifestyle behaviors and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older men by Ryoma Michishitaa, TakuroMatsuda, Shotaro Kawakamid Satoshi Tanaka, Akira Kiyonaga, Hiroaki Tanaka, Natsumi Moritoe, and Yasuki Higaki by (Science Direct

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