Phytochemical Sinigrin, Prevents Plaques Build-Up on the Arterial Wall Against the Onset of Atherosclerosis in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Sinigrin may be used as a natural and bioactive compound for the treatment of atherosclerosis, according to studies.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic and medical condition characterized by the plaque accumulated on the arterial wall, leading to stiffing and hardening arteries.

Arteries are the blood vessels that carry the oxygen-rich blood to the heart and other parts of the body.

Atherosclerosis is one of the leading cause of heart disease and stroke, depending on the area of blocking in the arteries.

Plaque is a combination of cholesterol, calcium, cadmium and other harmful chemical substances found in the blood.

The exact causes of atherosclerosis are not identified. Researchers as of today do not know why people with the same health condition, some are prone to the disease onset while others do not.

However, damage or injury of the inner layer of an artery, high blood pressure and cholesterol and medical conditions such as arthritis, lupus or infections, or inflammation of unknown cause have been found to increase the risk of atherosclerosis.

Due to plaque accumulation associated with high blood cholesterol, some researchers suggested that
 an unhealthy diet high in saturated fat and trans fat may be the major cause as well as increasing the severity of the condition.

Dt. Zhao Y said, "The WZSPs (n = 9) were fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet (HCFD). After continuous feeding, 3 WZSPs each were sacrificed at 6, 8, and 12 months, respectively, and the general clinical manifestations and serological indexes were detected".
And, " At 12 months, atherosclerotic lesions could be found in all major arteries, while lipid core, cholesterol precipitation, and calcium deposition appeared in the most serious sites".

The results clearly indicated the risk of atherosclerosis is substantially increased in animals fed with long-term high fat diet.

On finding a natural compound for the treatment of atherosclerosis with no side effects, researchers investigated sinigrin anti-plaque accumulation in an animal model.

In ApoE mice, the injection of sinigrin suppressed the expression of the genes directly involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.

Sinigrin lowered the blood levels of cholesterol LDH, triglyceride, and cholesterol in serum without affecting the levels HDL. In other words, sinigrin promoted the return of blood cholesterol back to the liver, therefore, repressing the risk of cholesterol accompanied by other substances to form plaques on the arterial wall in facilitating the onset of atherosclerosis.

Futhermore, injection of sinigrin also promoted lipid homeostasis, through reducing levels of the proteins associated with lipid metabolism.

Moreover, the bioactive compound also reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by the overexpression of free radicals, and the accumulation of modified LDL within the intima of the artery.through its antioxidant activity.

More precisely, the bioactive compound reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by suppressing the activation of the signaling protein associated with a wide range of processes such as immunity, inflammation.

In ApoE-/- mice induced atherosclerosis, application of sinigrin exerted the similar effect by reducing the levels of serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), calcium (Ca2+), and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Oral administration of sinigrin attenuated the expression of proteins involved in the initiation of atherosclerosis. 

Taken altogether, sinigrin a bioactive ingredient in cruciferous vegetables may be considered a functional supplement for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sinigrin attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet potentially by inhibiting VCAM-1 expression by Jang YJ1, Park B1, Lee HW1, Park HJ1, Koo HJ2, Kim BO3, Sohn EH4, Um SH5, Pyo S. (PubMed)
(2) Sinigrin and Its Therapeutic Benefits by Anisha Mazumder, Anupma Dwivedi and Jeanetta du Plessis. (Molecules)
(3) Atherosclerosis Induced by a High-Cholesterol and High-Fat Diet in the Inbred Strain of the Wuzhishan Miniature Pig by Zhao Y1, Xiang L1, Liu Y1, Niu M1, Yuan J1, Chen H. (PubMed)