Detoxification: Cruciferous Vegetables Promote Functions of Detox Enzymes Against Substances and Radiation That Cause Prostate Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Cruciferous vegetables may be considered as next plants, processing pharmaceutical value in extraction of single ingredient chemo medicine of blocking onset of prostate cancer, some scientists suggested

Prostate cancer is a condition characterized by irregular and uncontrollable growth of  the cells of prostate. In the advance stage, the cancerous cells can spread to the distant parts of the body through blood and fluid circulation.

Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the physical (rectum) exams.

According to statistic provided by the Canadian government, 1 in 7 men will develop prostate cancer during their lifetime, and 1 in 27 will die of it.

Sadly, out of 4 men diagnosed with prostate cancer, 1 will die of it. which is very similar to the ratio observed for breast cancer in women. 

A diagnosis of prostate cancer carries a significant burden of induction of significant anxiety and depression.

Researchers do not know the exact causes of prostate cancer and can not explain why some men  who do process inherited gene mutation are susceptible to onset of prostate cancer while others do not.

But they do know that some risk factors such as age, family history, race and diet are associated to the development of prostate cancer. 

Early diagnosed for prostate cancer patients have a 5-year survival rate nearly 100% with 98% of these patients are still alive after 10 years compared to 5-year survival rate of advance stage of 30%.

Therefore, if you are at the high risk of prostate cancer development group, please make sure that you have your prostate gland checked every year.

Cruciferous vegetables are the group of vegetables included cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy,..... and broccoli.

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae.

The healthy veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color and the mass of flower heads, surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant on the continent of Europe.

Nutrients and chemical constituents
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Dietary fiber
4. Omega 3 fatty acid
5. Protein
6. Beta-carotene
7. Lutein and
8. Zeaxanthin
9. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
10. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
11. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
12. Pantothenic acid (B5)
13. Vitamin B6
14. Folate (Vit. B9)
15. Vitamin C
16. Calcium
17. Tryptophan
18. Iron
19. Magnesium
20. Phosphorus
21.Potassium
22. Zinc
23. Etc.
Its chemical constituents includes  glucosinolates, dithiolthiones, indoles , glucoraphanin, s-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, etc..


Epidemiologically, chemical constituents of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli has shown to decrease incidence of prostate cancer.

In the finding of broccoli effect in genetic implication of risk of prostate cancer, researchers at the Institute of Food Research conducted a study which includes
volunteers with or without genetic mutation of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) positive and null.

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) are detox enzymes with function involved detoxification of many potentially carcinogenic compounds.

Participants were randomly assigned to six months either a broccoli-rich or a pea-rich diet.

At the end of study, researchers found that

* Pea-rich diet shows no differences in gene expression between glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) positive and null individuals

* Broccoli-rich diet group exerts significant differences between GSTM1 genotypes associated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling pathways.

* Both diets demonstrate a significant androgen signalling.

* Men on the broccoli diet had additional changes to mRNA processing, and TGFbeta1, EGF and insulin signalling. 

The growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway is a key role in tumor suppression through modulating processes such as cell invasion, immune regulation, and microenvironment modification normally. However, the transforming growth factor beta (TGFteta) signaling pathway can cause tumor development with similar physio activity.

In  healthy and malignant cells, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) allows cells to grow and divide

These results suggested that broccoli interacts processed a strong anti prostate cancer effect in patients with GSTM1 genotype associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the prostate gland.

Dr. Traka M, the lead author after taking into account of other factors, said, "diets rich in cruciferous vegetables may reduce the risk of prostate cancer and other chronic disease".

Furthermore, in a population-based, case-control study of prostate cancer, including 428 men with incident prostate cancer and 537 community controls with genotyping for deletions in GSTM1 and GSTT1 performed in a subset of men who provided blood, researchers found that

* Intake of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, the greatest source of sulforaphane, is associated with decreased prostate cancer risk at all levels compared to the lowest consumers.

* Intake of cruciferous vegetables also displays a significantly reduced risk of prostate cancer in men with mutation of gene GSTM1. Particularly in high broccoli intake group.

The finding suggested that 2 or more servings per month of cruciferous vegetables may reduce risk of prostate cancer, especially among men with GSTM1-present alleles.

At the final of experimental report, Dr. Joseph MA, the lead scientist, wrote, "(These results) are consistent with a role of dietary ITCs as chemopreventive agents against prostate cancer..

The depletion of gene of GSTM1 genotype of Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes may be associated with an increased risk of cancer as these depletion reduced the function of GST in detoxifying most potentially carcinogenic compounds.

Taken altogether, cruciferous vegetables may be considered as functional food in promoted expression of detoxified enzymes to prevent onset of prostate cancer, especially in men with genetic mutation gene GSTM1.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299
Reference
(1) Broccoli consumption interacts with GSTM1 to perturb oncogenic signalling pathways in the prostate by Traka M, Gasper AV, Melchini A, Bacon JR, Needs PW, Frost V, Chantry A, Jones AM, Ortori CA, Barrett DA, Ball RY, Mills RD, Mithen RF.(PubMed)
(2) Cruciferous vegetables, genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1, and prostate cancer risk by Joseph MA, Moysich KB, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG, Bowman ED, Zhang Y, Marshall JR, Ambrosone CB.(PubMed)
(3) Selenium enrichment of broccoli sprout extract increases chemosensitivity and apoptosis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells by Abdulah R, Faried A, Kobayashi K, Yamazaki C, Suradji EW, Ito K, Suzuki K, Murakami M, Kuwano H, Koyama H.(PubMed)