Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
(The revised article)
The widespread of prostate cancer, once considered a disease of aging male, now have become major concerns of governments and scientific community in South East Asian with tendency to effect even younger age population.
Evidences in the Far East recent diet suggested, over consuming bad fats in any time in history accompanied with unhealthy diet and life style may be the possible causes of the disease, linking to the economic prosperity over last 3 decades.
Prostate cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the prostate tissue.
At the later state, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissue or organ.
Most prostate cancers are slow growing. And Enlarged prostate and prostate cancer in most cases are detected during physical (rectum) exams.
Some researchers suggested that certain abnormal expression of hormones may have a strong effect in increased risk of prostrate cancer, including high levels of hormone androgen and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
In other words, patients with prostate cancer are linearly associated to high levels of hormonal testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
Although genetic mutation may have a direct effect in induced prostate cancer incidence, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH2 and MLH1, the direct causes of prostate cancer are still debatable.
However, there are some risk factors that have significant impacts to induce early onset of the disease.
The list include, age, family history, race, low levels of vitamin D in blood, excessive alcohol drinking, obesity,..... and enlarge prostate.
Foods That Kill Prostate Cancer Cells include
1. Flaxseed
Flax seed is native to the region of the eastern Mediterranean to India and also known as common flax or linseed.
Flax is an erect annual plant that can grow to 1.2 m tall. The leaves are 20–40 mm long and 3 mm broad.
Enterolactone and enterodiol, mammalian lignans derived from dietary flaxseed may obstruct or delay the progressed prostate cancer cell proliferation via vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-associated pathways(76). And, diet supplemented with 5% flaxseed inhibited the growth and development of prostate cancer in the TRAMP model(77) and lowered prostate cancer proliferation rates associated with biological alterations(78).
2. Vegetable oil
Vegetables oil is a triglyceride extracted from egetables.
Increased levels of MUFA-rich vegetable oil((including olive oil, canola or peanut oil)) intake were associated with a progressive reduction in prostate cancer risk(79).
Hydrogenated soybean oil (SHSO) showed remarkably strong anticarcinogenic activity against prostate cancer in the rat model. And, 5% dietary supplementation with SHSO inhibited the growth of prostate cancer by 80% in vivo(80).
3. Honey
The rich golden liquid is the miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers. The liquids are considered as one of healthy sweet food for replacing the use of white sugar and artificial sweetener by many people.
Chrysin, a natural flavone commonly found in honey, and honey itself showed to exert its antiproliferative effect on PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manners(81).
4. Chickpea
Garbanzo beans also known as chickpea is an edible legume of genus Cicer, belongings to the family Fabaceae, with high sources of protein and mineral, native to Middle East.
7 protease inhibitor concentrates (PICs) isolated from chickpea showed a significant inhibition the LNCaP prostate cancer cells in concentrations tested of 25-400 μg/ml(82).
5. Olive oil
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), was found to significantly affect the growth of HCT 116 tumours xenografted in athymic mice(83).
And polyphenols, found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exerted chemopreventive effects towards different organ specific cancers, through disruption of overall process of carcinogenesis by inhibition of DNA synthesis and ROS production, regulation of cell cycle arrest and modulation of survival/proliferation pathways(84).
Moreover, polyphenols application can directly interact with specific steps and/or proteins regulating the apoptotic process in different ways, depending on their concentration, the cell system, the type or stage of the pathological process(85).
6. Black pepper
Black pepper, is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, used as a spice and seasoning.
Piperine, a major alkaloid constituent of black pepper, inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP, PC-3, 22RV1 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells in a dose dependent manner.
And, In caspase activation in LNCaP and PC-3 cells(86) and β-caryophyllene oxide (CPO), a sesquiterpene isolated from essential oil of black pepper(Piper nigrum L.) not only inhibited the constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 (anti-apoptosis and increased cell proliferation and nutrient–hormonal signaling network) pathway signaling cascade but also down-regulated the expression of various downstream gene products that mediate cell proliferation (cyclin D1), survival (bcl-2, bcl-xL, survivin, IAP-1, and IAP-2), metastasis (COX-2), angiogenesis (VEGF), and increased the expression of p53 and p21(87).
7. Green tea
Green tea containing more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or foods with the same volume, is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China.
Green tea catechins (GTCs), a potent chemical constituent containing (-)-epigallocathechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, in treatment of preprostate cancer men reduced lower urinary tract symptoms, improved coexistent benign prostatehyperplasia and reached a statistical significance in the case of International Prostate Symptom Scores(88).
In green tea polyphenols study, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerted its anti PCa(89) effect by modulation of signaling pathways.
Also, combination of quercetin and green tea, showed a significant increase in inhibition of proliferation, androgen receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling(tumor genesis in early stage), and stimulation of apoptosis(90).
In short, Green tea, a potent anti prostate cancer with activities of heritable alterations of gene expression and chromatin organization without changes in DNA sequence induced multistep processes of carcinogenesis(91) may be considered as a natural treatment in vary types of cancer.
8. Organic fermented soybean products
Fermented soybean products are made from fermenting soybeans and filamentous fungus, along with water and salt after a period of sometimes.
In the Japan, incidence of prostate caner in aging men are low in compared to the West.
This result may be due to tradition Japanese diet in exertion of prostate cancer protective effects
In fact, Traditional Japanese diet rich in soybean products and fish are associated to reduced prostate cancer risk(92).
In China, lower risk of prostate cancer are associated with consumption of soy foods and isoflavones found abundantly in fermented soybean products(93).
Unfortunately, the epidemiological data, linking ferment soybean products to reduced risk of prostate cancer are inconsistent including miso.
Conclusion
The prevalence and widespread of prostate cancer may be diet, demographic and life style related disease(94)(95)(96).
Eating healthy, with plenty of vegetables and fruits has always been considered as a preventive approach. "Let foods be your medicine and let medicine be your foods" by Greek physician Hippocrates (460-377 BC).
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(76) Flaxseed-derived enterolactone is inversely associated with tumor cell proliferation in men with localized prostate cancer by Azrad M, Vollmer RT, Madden J, Dewhirst M, Polascik TJ, Snyder DC, Ruffin MT, Moul JW, Brenner DE, Demark-Wahnefried W.(PubMed)
(77) Effect of flaxseed supplementation on prostatic carcinoma in transgenic mice BY Lin X, Gingrich JR, Bao W, Li J, Haroon ZA, Demark-Wahnefried W.(PubMed)
(78) Flaxseed supplementation (not dietary fat restriction) reduces prostate cancer proliferation rates in men presurgery by Demark-Wahnefried W, Polascik TJ, George SL, Switzer BR, Madden JF, Ruffin MT 4th, Snyder DC, Owzar K, Hars V, Albala DM, Walther PJ, Robertson CN, Moul JW, Dunn BK, Brenner D, Minasian L, Stella P, Vollmer RT.(PubMed)
(79) Men who consume vegetable oils rich in monounsaturated fat: their dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer (New Zealand) by Norrish AE, Jackson RT, Sharpe SJ, Skeaff CM.(PubMed)
(80) Selectively hydrogenated soybean oil exerts strong anti-prostate cancer activities by Jung MY, Choi NJ, Oh CH, Shin HK, Yoon SH.(PubMed)
(81) Chrysin reduces proliferation and induces apoptosis in the human prostate cancer cell line pc-3 by Samarghandian S, Afshari JT, Davoodi S.(PubMed)
(82)Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and other plant-derived protease inhibitor concentrates inhibit breast and prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro. by Magee PJ, Owusu-Apenten R, McCann MJ, Gill CI, Rowland IR.(PubMed)
(83) Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of extra virgin olive oil by Fezai M, Senovilla L, Jemaà M, Ben-Attia M(PubMed).
(84) Modulatory effects of polyphenols on apoptosis induction: relevance for cancer prevention by D'Archivio M, Santangelo C, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Filesi C, Masella R, Giovannini C.(PubMed)
(85) Apoptosis in cancer and atherosclerosis: polyphenol activities by Giovannini C, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Santangelo C, D'Archivio M, Masella R.(PubMed)
(86) Piperine, a Bioactive Component of Pepper Spice Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Androgen Dependent and Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer Cells by Samykutty A, Shetty AV, Dakshinamoorthy G, Bartik MM, Johnson GL, Webb B, Zheng G, Chen A, Kalyanasundaram R, Munirathinam G.(PubMed)
(87) β-Caryophyllene oxide inhibits growth and induces apoptosis through the suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 pathways and ROS-mediated MAPKs activation by Park KR, Nam D, Yun HM, Lee SG, Jang HJ, Sethi G, Cho SK, Ahn KS.(PubMed)
(88) Chemoprevention of human prostate cancer by oral administration of green tea catechins in volunteers with high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia: a preliminary report from a one-year proof-of-principle study by Bettuzzi S, Brausi M, Rizzi F, Castagnetti G, Peracchia G, Corti A.(PubMed)
(89) Modulation of signaling pathways in prostate cancer by green teapolyphenols by Khan N, Mukhtar H.(PubMed)
(90)Enhanced inhibition of prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth by combining quercetin and green tea by Wang P, Vadgama JV, Said JW, Magyar CE, Doan N, Heber D, Henning SM.(PubMed)
(91) Epigenetic effects of green tea polyphenols in cancer by Henning SM, Wang P, Carpenter CL, Heber D.(PubMed)
(92) A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in Japan: possible protective effect of traditional Japanese diet by Sonoda T, Nagata Y, Mori M, Miyanaga N, Takashima N, Okumura K, Goto K, Naito S, Fujimoto K, Hirao Y, Takahashi A, Tsukamoto T, Fujioka T, Akaza H.(PubMed)
(93) Soy and isoflavone consumption in relation to prostate cancer risk in China by Lee MM, Gomez SL, Chang JS, Wey M, Wang RT, Hsing AW.(PubMed)
(94) Soy intake and cancer risk: a review of the in vitro and in vivo data by Messina MJ, Persky V, Setchell KD, Barnes S.(PubMed)
(94) Mediterranean Diet and Prostate Cancer Risk and Mortality in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study by Kenfield SA, Dupre N, Richman EL, Stampfer MJ, Chan JM, Giovannucci EL.(PubMed)
(95) A prospective study of demographics, diet, and prostate canceramong men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii by Severson RK, Nomura AM, Grove JS, Stemmermann GN.(PubMed)
(96) Alcohol consumption, smoking, and other risk factors and prostate cancer in a large health plan cohort in California (United States) by Hiatt RA, Armstrong MA, Klatsky AL, Sidney S.(PubMed)
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