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Sunday, 3 May 2020

Elecampane (Inula helenium) May Be Used for the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases

By Kyle J. Norton

Oxidative stress is a medical condition characterized by the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes produced by the host tissue.

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron on the outer ring of the atom.
Due to its nature to become stable, free radicals readily to donate or steal an electron from other molecules, leading to the chain of domino's effect that can not be stopped until either the electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

This chain of reaction is the cause of oxidative stress, a condition is associated with either overexpression of free radicals or depletion of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host organs.

Antioxidants are stable atom that plays a critical role in protecting the body against the attack of free radicals.

In other words, antioxidants inhibited the onset of free radical before they can cause a chain reaction in facilitating the protein, lipid and cell damage.

Antioxidants can either produced by the liver or intake from dietary sources. Under normal conditions, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body in a healthy individual are good enough to counter the bombardment of free radical attacks.

In some cases, this reaction also is caused long-term accumulation of toxic substances in the body, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic.

There is no single cause of oxidative stress. Some researchers suggested that a number of factors can facilitate the onset of oxidative stress, including cigarette smoke, oxidative burst from activated macrophages, particularly, the free radicals chain reaction.

Sadly, a prolonged period of oxidative stress presented in the human body can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, (lipids, proteins, DNA) and the death of healthy cells through cytotoxicity.

Certain chronic diseases are found to be associated with oxidative stress, including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetics, rheumatoid arthritis, post-ischemic perfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, and stroke.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of diseases involved in oxidative stress, scientists examined the effects of secondary metabolites from Inula species on the oxidative stress-related diseases.

Elecampane, also known as Horse-heal (Inula helenium) is a perennial composite plant, genus nulla, belonging to Asteraceae, native to Southern Europe, and Asia. 

The plant has been used in traditional and herbal medicine in treating bronchitis or emphysema, night sweats, pulmonary tuberculosis, irritating cough, catarrhal discharges, etc.

According to the search of the database of medical literature from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, that identified more than 120 articles are reviewed, highlighting the most active compounds with special emphasis on the elucidation of their antioxidative-stress mechanism of action,
* Alantolactone found in Elecampane was the most polyvalent compound, reporting interesting EC50 values for several bioactivities that showed an effect on on the oxidative stress-related diseases.

* 1-O-acetylbritannilactone also found in Elecampane was found to be a promising lead compound for the development of analogs with interesting properties.

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "The Inula genus is a good bet as a source of structurally diverse compounds with antioxidant activity that can act via different mechanisms to fight several oxidative stress-related human diseases, being useful for the development of new drugs".

Taken altogether, Elecampane processed abundantly Alantolactone and 1-O-acetylbritannilactone and may be considered a remedy for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Inula L. Secondary Metabolites against Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases by Tavares WR1, Seca AML.(PubMed)

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