Phytochemical γ-Tocopherols Kill Colon Cancer Cells in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

The colon is also known as the large intestine.
Colon cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progressing in a predictable way.

In most cases of primary colon cancer start in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the colon. At the early stage. most patients with colon cancer do not experience any symptoms.

However, at the advanced stage, the tumor not only can spread to other healthy tissue and organs a distance away through blood and fluid circulation but also suppress the nearby tissue and nerve cells.

The progression of colon cancer at this stage not only induces symptoms of the change in bowel habits, the change in the consistency of your stool, that lasts longer than four weeks but also causes rectal bleeding and persistent abdominal severe pain.

The most common sites of metastasis for colon or rectal cancer is the liver and lung.

According to the statistic provided by the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the United States. Every year approximately, 90000 new cases of colon cancer. 43,000 new cases of rectal cancer are diagnosed, leading to the death of 50,000 patients.

The lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is about 1 in 22 (4.49%) for men and 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.

The 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with localized stage colorectal cancer is 90%. About 39% of patients are diagnosed at this early stage.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, seed, or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of malignant tumors, researchers examined the growth inhibitory effects of different forms of tocopherols (T), tocopheryl phosphates (TP), and tocopherol quinones (TQ) on human colon cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells.

According to the analysis, δ-T was more effective in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth, decreasing cancer cell colony formation, and inducing apoptosis, compared to less effective in γ-T and ineffective in α-T.

Furthermore, the γ forms of TP and TQ process the highest inhibiting cancer cell growth, compared to the δ forms and least effective in the α forms.

More precisely, γ-TQ and δ-TQ (showing IC50 values of ∼0.8 and ∼2 μM)  showed significant potencies against the HCT116 cells, after a 72 h incubation with 100-fold and greater than 20-fold higher, respectively.

Moreover, δ-T, γ-TP, and γ-TQ induced cancer cell death were also attributed to the cleavage of caspase 3 involved in apoptosis and PARP1 associated with DNA repair and DNA fragmentation.

Collectively, researchers said, "the higher growth inhibitory activity of δ-T than γ-T, the even higher activities of the γ forms of TP and TQ, and the ineffectiveness of the α forms of tocopherol and their metabolites against colon cancer cells".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose and acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Inhibitory effects of different forms of tocopherols, tocopherol phosphates, and tocopherol quinones on growth of colon cancer cells by Dolfi SC1, Yang Z, Lee MJ, Guan F, Hong J, Yang C
S. (PubMed)