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Sunday 21 August 2022

Phytochemical Beta-Sitosterol in the Prevention of Melanoma Brain Metastases

By Kyle J. Norton

Melanoma is skin cancer caused by the alternation of melanocyte DNA in the skin pigment, leading to the formation of moles that change in the color, size, or shape of the skin.

Most cases of melanoma start in the melanocytes or pigment-producing cells in the outer layer of the skin.

Melanoma-induced metastasis cancer in the brain is secondary cancer as a result of the spreading of melanoma cancer cells.

Melanoma spread to the brain shares the characteristics of melanoma.

Metastasis is a process in which cancer cells travel a distance away from the originated site to induce secondary malignant growths.

Anti-metastasis is an action in which substances or substances are used including herbal medicine to stop the cancer cell to infect other healthy tissues a distance away from the primary tumor.

Most cancer drugs used in conventional medicine with the ability to block the migration of cancer cells are considered to process antimetastatic activity.

Unlike melanoma-induced metastasis in the brain,  brain cancer is a medical and chronic condition characterized by cell growth disorderly in the brain tissue with a small number that may be caused by gene defects from exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals.  More than 190.000 people in the US are diagnosed with a brain tumor each year alone.

More than 190.000 people in the US are diagnosed with a brain tumor each year alone.

Most brain types of brain cancer in older adults aged 50 to 60 are Chordomas. The cancer is rare and slow-growing, but it can invade adjacent bone and put pressure on the nearby neural tissue.

Meningiomas are the most common type of benign brain tumor in the age group 40-50s. However, a small percentage of these tumors can be malignant.

According to the statistic provided by the Canadian cancer society, Every day about 25 Canadians is diagnosed with a brain tumor.

The 5-year survival rate of brain cancer is only 25%, compared to over 60% for cancers overall. Most adults with a diagnosis of aggressive glioblastoma survive only 1–2 years after their diagnosis.

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, and buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical that processed neuroprotective activity, researchers examined the effect of β-sitosterol on melanoma cell growth in vitro and inhibition of brain metastasis formation.

β-sitosterol exerted mitochondrial interference, against the test cancer cells by reducing the mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mediated by an inhibition of mitochondrial complex I in converting the energy from food for cell needs.

Furthermore, β-sitosterol also increased the expression of oxidative stress to induce cancer cell apoptosis.

These results strongly indicated a significant role of mitochondrial complex I on human melanoma brain metastases compared to brain metastases from other cancers.

Moreover, the combination of vemurafenib with either β-sitosterol or a functional knockdown of mitochondrial complex I showed a completely abrogated BRAF inhibitor resistance in the tested cells.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " β-sitosterol represents a promising adjuvant to BRAF inhibitor therapy in patients with or at risk for, melanoma brain metastases".


Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a functional food for the prevention of melanoma brain metastases, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose and acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1)Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration prevents BRAF-mutant melanoma brainmetastasis by Sundstrøm T1,2,3, Prestegarden L1,2,4, Azuaje F5,6, Aasen SN1,7, Røsland GV8, Varughese JK1, Bahador M1, Bernatz S9, Braun Y9, Harter PN9, Skaftnesmo KO10, Ingham ES11, Mahakian LM11, Tam S11, Tepper CG12, Petersen K13, Ferrara KW11, Tronstad KJ8, Lund-Johansen M2,3, Beschorner R14, Bjerkvig R1,5, Thorsen F. (PubMed)

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