Thyroid is one of the
largest endocrine glands found in the neck, below the Adam’s Apple with
the function of regulating the body use of energy, make of proteins
by producing its hormones as a result of the stimulation of
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the anterior pituitary.
Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is under active and produces very little thyroid hormones.
F. Treatments
F.1. In conventional medicine perspective
Patients with hypothyroidism are treated by Thyroid hormone therapy with doses depending to the stage and types of the diseases
In patients with overt hypothyroidism
defined as low FT4 and elevated TSH or TSH > 10 mU/L a replacement
with levothyroxine is clearly indicated. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
defined as a TSH between 4 and 10 mU/L and normal FT4, the treatment
with Levothyroxine depends on the underlying disease and symptoms.
Levothyroxine is a prohormone with is activated by deiodination in the
organs to triiodothyronine, according to the study by Medizinische Klinik IV der Universität München(52a).
Standard therapy for patients with primary hypothyroidism is replacement with synthetic thyroxine,
which undergoes peripheral conversion to triiodothyronine, the active
form of thyroid hormone. According to the study by the University
College Dublin, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
conducted from May 2000 to February 2002 at a military treatment
facility that serves active duty and retired military personnel and
their family members, indicated that compared with levothyroxine alone, treatment of primary hypothyroidism with combination levothyroxine
plus liothyronine demonstrated no beneficial changes in body weight,
serum lipid levels, hypothyroid symptoms as measured by a HRQL
questionnaire, and standard measures of cognitive performance(53). Other
in the study to examine the efficacy of combination therapy with levothyroxine and liothyronine in improvement of general health, psychological problems, and metabolic status in primary hypothyroidism,
showed that Psychosocial scores, body weight, heart rate, blood
pressure, and lipid profile in the two groups remained constant(54).
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Sources(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17933284
(52a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23801264
(53) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14665656
(54) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19701833
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